JP2015194308A - Incineration equipment and incineration method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide incineration equipment and an incineration method capable of keeping the inside of a furnace in negative pressure without installing an induction air blower consuming a large amount of electric power.SOLUTION: Incineration equipment includes a first heat exchanger 20 preheating compressed air by in-furnace combustion heat of an incinerator 2 and/or potential heat of an exhaust gas guided to a flue, and a turbine device 30 including a turbine 31 rotated by the compressed air of high temperature preheated by the first heat exchanger 20 and a compressor 32 supplying the compressed air to the first heat exchanger 20 by rotation of the turbine 31, and further includes an exhaust gas induction device 40 for inducing the exhaust gas guided to the flue by using kinetic energy obtained by recovering the in-furnace combustion heat and/or the potential heat of the exhaust gas by the turbine device 30.

Description

  The present invention relates to an incineration processing facility and an incineration processing method.

  Patent Document 1 aims to provide a waste incineration facility and a processing method that are excellent in energy efficiency without requiring a blower for generating compressed air for combustion and compressed air for preventing white smoke and supplying it to a preheater. And a first preheater for preheating combustion compressed air supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator by continuous gas-gas heat exchange with the exhaust gas from the fluidized bed incinerator. The turbine is rotated by compressed air for combustion which is heated by the first preheater and goes to the fluidized bed incinerator, and the compressor generates and blows compressed air to be supplied to the first preheater by this rotation. And a waste treatment facility including a first start-up air supply device that is provided upstream of the first preheater and rotates the turbine at the start of operation has been proposed.

Japanese Patent No. 4831309

  However, in the waste treatment facility disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to provide an induction blower that consumes a large amount of power in the flue in order to maintain the inside of the furnace at a negative pressure, and in terms of improving energy efficiency, There was room for further improvement.

  In addition, when exhaust gas is pumped to the flue with the residual pressure of the compressed air for combustion without installing an induction blower, high-temperature exhaust gas is discharged from each exhaust gas treatment facility placed in the furnace chamber or flue that is at positive pressure. There is a problem that it is necessary to surely seal so as not to be ejected, which increases the equipment cost, and there is a problem that if the seal is broken, high-temperature exhaust gas is ejected and a serious accident may occur.

  In view of the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an incineration processing facility and an incineration processing method capable of maintaining the inside of a furnace at a negative pressure without providing an induction blower that consumes large electric power.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first characteristic configuration of the incineration processing equipment according to the present invention is as described in claim 1 of the present invention, and the exhaust gas guided to the combustion heat in the incinerator and / or the flue A first heat exchanger that preheats the compressed air by the retained heat, a turbine that rotates by the high-temperature compressed air preheated by the first heat exchanger, and the compressed air that is supplied to the first heat exchanger by the rotation of the turbine A turbine device including a compressor for supplying exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas introduced into the flue using the kinetic energy obtained by recovering the combustion heat in the furnace and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas by the turbine device. It is in the point provided with the exhaust gas attracting device to attract.

  The turbine is driven by the high-temperature compressed air that has recovered the in-furnace combustion heat of the incinerator and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas by the first heat exchanger, and the compressor connected to the turbine is driven to generate compressed air. The exhaust gas attracting device attracts the exhaust gas guided to the flue by using the kinetic energy generated from the retained heat of the exhaust gas recovered at this time, so there is no additional energy such as electric power for driving the induction fan. It becomes unnecessary, energy efficiency can be further improved, and the inside of the furnace can be maintained at a negative pressure.

  In the second characteristic configuration, as described in claim 2, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the exhaust gas attraction device discharges the exhaust gas guided to the flue from the turbine. It is in the point comprised by the ejector attracted by the flow of hot compressed air.

  High-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine is supplied to the air supply port of the ejector, and flue exhaust gas is sucked from the vacuum port and flows out to the diffuser, so there is no induction blower driven by electric power. Also, the inside of the furnace is maintained at a negative pressure. In addition, since the exhaust gas is heated by being mixed with high-temperature compressed air by the diffuser, the anti-whitening effect is also realized by raising the temperature and reducing the humidity of the exhaust gas.

  In the third feature configuration, as described in claim 3, in addition to the first feature configuration described above, the exhaust gas induction device includes an induction blower in which a rotating shaft is driven by shaft power of the turbine device. It is in the point where it is prepared.

  The induction blower is rotationally driven by the shaft power of the turbine driven by the high-temperature compressed air that has recovered the combustion heat in the incinerator and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas by the first heat exchanger, and the flue gas is attracted. The That is, no separate electric power is required to rotationally drive the induction fan.

  In the fourth feature configuration, as described in claim 4, in addition to the first feature configuration described above, the incinerator is an incinerator to which high-temperature compressed air is supplied as combustion air. It is in.

  A separate blower fan for supplying combustion air is not required.

  In the fifth feature configuration, as described in claim 5, in addition to any of the first to fourth feature configurations described above, an object to be treated that is put into the incinerator is discharged from the turbine. It is in the point provided with the dryer which dries with high temperature compressed air.

  For example, in the case of incinerating an object to be treated having a high water content such as dehydrated sludge, it is necessary to supply fossil fuel to the burner and heat it, but the dryer was heated by the first heat exchanger. If high-temperature compressed air is supplied to dry the workpiece to some extent, the consumption of fossil fuel can be reduced.

  In addition to any one of the first to fifth feature configurations described above, the sixth feature configuration has the exhaust gas that is led to the flue by the first heat exchanger. Compressed air is preheated by heat, a second heat exchanger is disposed in parallel or in series with the first heat exchanger in the flue, and the hot compressed air discharged from the turbine is It is in the point which supplies as combustion air to the said incinerator after further preheating with 2 heat exchangers.

  By further preheating the hot compressed air discharged from the turbine with the second heat exchanger, the combustion temperature in the furnace can be maintained at a sufficient value without supplying fossil fuel to the burner and heating it. As a result, the consumption of fossil fuel can be reduced.

  In the seventh feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to sixth feature configurations described above, the compressed air generated by the compressor is discharged from the turbine. A third heat exchanger that preheats with high-temperature compressed air is provided, and the compressed air preheated by the third heat exchanger is configured to be supplied to the first heat exchanger.

  By providing the third heat exchanger, the amount of heat brought in by the compressed air supplied to the turbine can be increased, and the amount of compressed air generated by the compressor can be increased. For example, when a generator is connected to the turbine, the amount of power generation can be further increased. In the third heat exchanger, since both the preheating source and the preheating target are air, unlike the exhaust gas containing acidic components, low temperature corrosion is not caused, so that the heat amount of the preheating source can be recovered with high efficiency.

  In the eighth feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to seventh feature configurations described above, the first heat exchanger holds exhaust gas that is led to the flue. Compressed air is preheated by heat, a fourth heat exchanger is arranged in series with the first heat exchanger in the flue, and the hot compressed air preheated by the fourth heat exchanger is used. The second turbine apparatus includes a rotating second turbine and a second compressor that supplies compressed air to the fourth heat exchanger by the rotation of the second turbine.

  High-temperature compressed air can be obtained by the two systems of turbine devices, and the respective high-temperature compressed air can be supplied to each process of the incinerator with a high degree of freedom, thereby enabling more stable operation. For example, one hot compressed air can be supplied to the exhaust gas attraction device, and the other hot compressed air can be supplied to the combustion air.

  In the ninth feature configuration, in addition to any one of the first to eighth feature configurations described above, the object to be incinerated in the incinerator includes sewage sludge. It is in the point of being biomass.

  The material to be incinerated is preferably biomass containing sewage sludge, and because it can be incinerated at a sufficiently high temperature with high energy efficiency, the amount of nitrous oxide that is a source of global warming is also extremely effective. Can be suppressed.

  The first characteristic configuration of the incineration processing method according to the present invention is that, as described in claim 10, compressed air is generated by a compressor operating in conjunction with a turbine, and is led to in-furnace combustion heat and / or flue of the incinerator. The flue is preheated by compressed heat by the retained heat of the exhaust gas, the turbine is rotated by the preheated high-temperature compressed air, and the kinetic energy obtained by collecting the combustion heat in the furnace and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas is used. It is in the point of attracting exhaust gas led to.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an incineration processing facility and an incineration processing method capable of maintaining the inside of a furnace at a negative pressure without providing an induction blower that consumes large electric power.

Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment and incineration processing method by the present invention Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment showing another embodiment Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment showing another embodiment Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment showing another embodiment Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment showing another embodiment Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment showing another embodiment Explanatory drawing of incineration processing equipment showing another embodiment

Hereinafter, embodiments of the incineration processing equipment and the incineration processing method according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 shows an incineration processing facility 1. The incineration processing facility 1 includes a silo 10 in which biomass is stored, a biomass charging mechanism 11, and a fluidized bed incinerator 2 to which high-temperature compressed air is supplied as combustion air. Along the flue of the fluidized bed incinerator 2, the first heat exchanger 20, a highly heat-resistant dust collector 16 equipped with a ceramic filter, and an alkali agent are sprayed to neutralize acid gas components in the exhaust gas. A flue gas processing tower 17 and a chimney 18 are disposed. Reference numeral 12 denotes a combustion burner.

  Biomass, which is a material to be treated by the incineration treatment facility 1, is generated in a sewage treatment facility that employs a method such as an activated sludge method that biologically treats sewage sludge or a membrane separation activated sludge method that performs biological treatment and membrane filtration. This includes sludge derived from various animals and plants, such as dewatered sludge from which excess sludge has been dewatered and organic sludge having a high water content such as sludge generated by purifying sludge generated in food factories.

  The incineration treatment facility 1 includes a turbine 31 that is rotated by high-temperature compressed air preheated by the first heat exchanger 20 and a compressor 32 that supplies compressed air to the first heat exchanger 20 by the rotation of the turbine 31. A turbine device 30 is provided, and an exhaust gas attracting device 40 for attracting the exhaust gas guided to the flue using the kinetic energy obtained by collecting the retained heat of the exhaust gas by the turbine device 30 is provided.

  A compressor 32 connected to the turbine 31 is driven to generate compressed air of 100 to 150 ° C. and 0.2 to 0.3 MPa, and the compressed air generated by the compressor 32 is supplied to the first heat exchanger 20. Thus, it is preheated to 650 to 750 ° C. and 0.2 to 0.3 MPa by the retained heat of the exhaust gas at about 900 ° C. guided to the flue of the fluidized bed incinerator 2. In addition, the pressure demonstrated in this specification is a gauge pressure.

  When the compressed air preheated by the first heat exchanger 20 is supplied to the turbine 31, the turbine 31 is rotationally driven, and the compressor 32 connected to the drive shaft is driven. Part of the compressed air of 500 to 600 ° C. and 0.05 to 0.15 MPa discharged from the turbine 31 is supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator 2 as fluidizing air, that is, combustion air, to form a fluidized bed. . Further, a generator G is connected to the output shaft of the turbine device 30 so that power can be generated by the rotational power of the turbine 31.

  The sludge charged into the furnace by the biomass charging mechanism 11 is heated and burned in the fluidized bed, and the combustion gas burns at about 850 ° C. to 900 ° C. and flows out into the flue. In order to prevent the generation of nitrous oxide, a global warming gas, during combustion of sludge, fossil fuels such as heavy oil and gas are supplied to the combustion burner 12 as necessary, and the combustion temperature in the furnace is maintained at 850 ° C. or higher. Is done.

  A part of the compressed air of 500 to 600 ° C. and 0.05 to 0.15 MPa discharged from the turbine 31 is supplied to the exhaust gas induction device 40. The exhaust gas attracting device 40 attracts exhaust gas guided to the flue by using kinetic energy generated from the retained heat of the exhaust gas recovered by the first heat exchanger 20 and discharges it from the chimney 18.

  The exhaust gas attracting device 40 is composed of an ejector that attracts the exhaust gas guided to the flue by the flow of high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine 31.

  A part of the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine 31 and supplied to the fluidized bed incinerator 2 as combustion air is supplied to the air supply port 40a constituting the ejector, and the flue gas is sucked from the vacuum port 40b. As a result, it flows out into the diffuser 40c, so that the inside of the furnace is maintained at a negative pressure without an induction blower driven by electric power. Moreover, since the exhaust gas that has been reduced to about 40 ° C. in the flue gas treatment tower 17 is mixed with high-temperature compressed air and heated in the diffuser 40c, the white prevention effect is also realized due to the temperature rise and humidity reduction of the exhaust gas. It becomes like this. A part of the high-temperature compressed air may be introduced into the chimney 18 through the branch pipe.

  In order to control the combustion state of the fluidized bed incinerator 2, when it is necessary to adjust the input amount or temperature of the combustion air, the air supply amount to the compressor 32 may be configured by the flow rate adjusting valve V. . Further, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 1, a valve mechanism for adjusting the supply amount of the compressed air output from the turbine 31 to the fluidized bed incinerator 2 and the supply amount to the exhaust gas induction device 40 is provided with a compressed air conveyance path. You may prepare for. Hereinafter, an example in which a valve is used as a mechanical element for adjusting the flow rate will be described. However, a damper may be used as a mechanical element for adjusting the flow rate.

  According to such a configuration, no separate energy such as electric power for driving the conventional induction fan is required, energy efficiency can be further improved, and the inside of the furnace can be maintained at a negative pressure. Further, it is not necessary to provide a special sealing mechanism that requires equipment costs.

  When the fluidized bed incinerator 2 is started up, the generator G is operated as a motor, the turbine 31 is rotated by a motor driven by external power, and the combustion burner 12 is ignited. Then, the incineration process is started, the generator G operated as a motor is stopped, and then operated as a generator. In addition, when the generator G is not provided, it is also possible to start with the combustion gas generated by supplying fossil fuel to the combustor 33 provided in the turbine 31.

  The numerical values such as pressure and temperature shown in the above-described embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the numerical values. The specific configuration such as the structure, size, material, and the like can be changed and designed as appropriate within the range in which the effects of the present invention can be achieved. The same applies to the following description.

  As shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable to include a dryer 50 that dries a workpiece to be put into the fluidized bed incinerator 2 with high-temperature compressed air discharged from a turbine 31. For example, when an object to be treated having a high water content, such as dehydrated sludge, is incinerated, it is necessary to supply fossil fuel to the combustion burner 12 and heat it, but the first heat exchanger 20 is supplied to the dryer 50. If the object to be treated is dried to some extent by supplying high-temperature compressed air heated in step 1, the consumption of fossil fuel can be reduced, and the furnace temperature is reduced to 850 ° C. by self-combustion. Maintaining the above, the generation of nitrous oxide can be suppressed.

  As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the second heat exchanger 22 is arranged in the flue in parallel or in series with the first heat exchanger 20, and the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine 31 is subjected to the second heat exchange. It is preferable to supply it as combustion air to the fluidized bed incinerator 2 after further preheating in the vessel 22.

  The high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine 31 is further preheated by the second heat exchanger 22, so that fossil fuel is supplied to the combustion burner 12 and heated even if the object to be treated is sludge having a high water content. Without this, the combustion temperature in the furnace can be maintained at a sufficient value, and the consumption of fossil fuel can be reduced. In addition, in order to adjust the temperature of the compressed air supplied into the furnace, a bypass pipe that bypasses the second heat exchanger 22 is provided, and the mixing amount with the compressed air heated by the second heat exchanger 22 can be adjusted. You may comprise.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the compressed air generated by the compressor 32 is provided with a third heat exchanger 24 for preheating with high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine 31, and the compression preheated by the third heat exchanger 24 is provided. It is preferable that air is supplied to the first heat exchanger 20.

  By providing the third heat exchanger 24, the amount of heat brought in by the compressed air supplied to the turbine 31 can be increased, and the amount of compressed air generated by the compressor 32 can be increased. For example, when the generator G is connected to the turbine 31, the power generation amount can be further increased.

  In addition, since the third heat exchanger 24 is air for both the preheating source and the preheating target, unlike the exhaust gas containing acidic components such as sulfur, it does not cause low-temperature corrosion, so the heat amount of the preheating source is recovered with high efficiency. become able to.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust gas attracting device 40 can also be configured by an attracting blower F whose rotating shaft is driven by the shaft power of the turbine device 30.

  The induction blower F is rotationally driven by the shaft power of the turbine 31 driven by the high-temperature compressed air that has recovered the retained heat of the exhaust gas by the first heat exchanger 20, and the flue exhaust gas is attracted. That is, no separate electric power is required to rotationally drive the induction fan F.

  Also in this case, white smoke can be prevented without providing a separate white smoke prevention fan by guiding the high-temperature compressed air output from the turbine 31 to the flue downstream of the smoke treatment tower 17. .

  That is, the exhaust gas attraction apparatus 40 according to the present invention uses the kinetic energy obtained by recovering the retained heat of the exhaust gas by the turbine device 30, mechanical kinetic energy called rotational force, and kinetic energy called fluid flow velocity to the flue. Any structure that induces the exhaust gas that has been introduced may be used.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the second heat turbine 26 is arranged in the flue in series with the first heat exchanger 20 and is rotated by the high-temperature compressed air preheated by the fourth heat exchanger 26. A second turbine device 60 including a first compressor 61 and a second compressor 62 that supplies compressed air to the fourth heat exchanger 26 by the rotation of the second turbine 61 may be provided. Reference numeral 63 denotes a starting combustor.

  Then, the high-temperature compressed air output from the turbine device 30 is supplied to the exhaust gas induction device 40 configured by an ejector, and the high-temperature compressed air output from the second turbine device 60 is supplied to the incinerator 2 as combustion air. May be. Further, a part of the high-temperature compressed air output from the turbine device 30 may be supplied to the incinerator 2 as combustion air, and a part of the high-temperature compressed air output from the second turbine device 60 may be supplied by an ejector. You may supply to the waste gas attraction apparatus 40 comprised.

  High-temperature compressed air can be obtained by the two systems of turbine devices, and the respective high-temperature compressed air can be supplied to each process of the incinerator with a high degree of freedom, thereby enabling more stable operation.

  In the above-described embodiments, the first heat exchanger 20 is configured to preheat the compressed air by the retained heat of the exhaust gas guided to the flue. However, the first heat exchanger 20 is configured to preheat the flue. For example, it may be installed in the combustion space of the incinerator 2 and may be configured to preheat the compressed air with the combustion heat in the furnace.

  As described above, the material to be incinerated in the fluidized bed incinerator 2 is preferably biomass containing sewage sludge, and can be incinerated at a sufficiently high temperature with high energy efficiency, thereby causing global warming. The generation amount of nitrous oxide, which is a gas, can be suppressed extremely effectively.

  It is also possible to appropriately combine the plurality of embodiments described above. For example, the incineration equipment can be configured by appropriately combining the dryer 50, the second heat exchanger 22, the third heat exchanger 24, the fourth heat exchanger 26, the second turbine device 60, and the like.

  As described above, the incineration processing method according to the present invention generates compressed air by the compressor 32 interlocked with the turbine 31 and compresses it by the combustion heat in the incinerator 2 and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas guided to the flue. Preheat the air, rotate the turbine 32 with preheated high-temperature compressed air, recover the combustion heat in the furnace and / or the stored heat of the exhaust gas, and use the kinetic energy obtained from the exhaust gas led to the flue It is an incineration process method to attract.

  In addition, compressed air is generated by a compressor linked to the turbine, and the compressed air is preheated by the in-furnace combustion heat of the incinerator and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas introduced into the flue, and the turbine is heated by the preheated high-temperature compressed air. It is an incineration treatment method in which high-temperature compressed air that is rotated and exhausted from a turbine is introduced into an incinerator through a pipe, and is introduced into a chimney through a pipe for anti-white protection or exhaust gas reference.

  As a turbine device in which a turbine and a compressor are axially connected, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which a compressor is axially connected to an expansion turbine used for not only a supercharger but also cold power generation.

  The embodiment described above has been described for the case where a fluidized bed incinerator is adopted as an incinerator, but the incinerator to which the present invention is applied is not limited to a fluidized bed incinerator, a stoker furnace, a kiln furnace, a jet flow furnace, It can also be applied to other types of incinerators such as melting furnaces.

  Each of the above-described embodiments is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the description. The specific configuration of each part can be appropriately changed and designed within the range where the effects of the present invention are exhibited. Needless to say.

1: incineration equipment 2: fluidized bed incinerator 10: silo 20: first heat exchanger 22: second heat exchanger 24: third heat exchanger 26: fourth heat exchanger 30: turbine device 31: turbine 32: Compressor 40: Exhaust gas induction device 40a: Air supply port 40b: Vacuum port 40c: Diffuser 60: Second turbine device 61: Second turbine 62: Second compressor

Claims (10)

A first heat exchanger that preheats compressed air by in-furnace combustion heat of an incinerator and / or retained heat of exhaust gas guided to a flue;
A turbine device including a turbine rotating by high-temperature compressed air preheated by the first heat exchanger, and a compressor supplying compressed air to the first heat exchanger by rotation of the turbine;
With
An incineration treatment facility comprising an exhaust gas induction device for attracting exhaust gas guided to the flue using kinetic energy obtained by recovering combustion heat in the furnace and / or retained heat of the exhaust gas by the turbine device.   2. The incineration processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas attraction apparatus is configured by an ejector that attracts the exhaust gas led to the flue by a flow of high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine.   The incineration processing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas induction device includes an induction blower in which a rotation shaft is driven by shaft power of the turbine device.   The incineration processing facility according to claim 1, wherein the incinerator is an incinerator to which high-temperature compressed air is supplied as combustion air.   The incineration processing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a drier that dries an object to be processed put into the incinerator with high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine.   The first heat exchanger is configured to preheat compressed air by the retained heat of the exhaust gas guided to the flue, and the second heat exchanger is disposed in the flue in parallel or in series with the first heat exchanger. The incineration equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine is further preheated by the second heat exchanger and then supplied as combustion air to the incinerator.   A third heat exchanger for preheating the compressed air generated by the compressor with high-temperature compressed air discharged from the turbine; and supplying the compressed air preheated by the third heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger The incineration processing facility according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the incineration processing facility is configured to be supplied.   The first heat exchanger is configured to preheat compressed air by the retained heat of the exhaust gas guided to the flue, and a fourth heat exchanger is arranged in the flue in series with the first heat exchanger. A second turbine that is rotated by high-temperature compressed air preheated by the fourth heat exchanger, and a second compressor that supplies compressed air to the fourth heat exchanger by the rotation of the second turbine. The incineration processing facility according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a turbine device.   The incineration equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an object to be incinerated in the incinerator is biomass containing sewage sludge.   Compressed air is generated by a compressor that is linked to the turbine, and the compressed air is preheated by the in-furnace combustion heat of the incinerator and / or the retained heat of the exhaust gas introduced into the flue, and the turbine is rotated by the preheated high-temperature compressed air. An incineration treatment method for attracting exhaust gas led to the flue using kinetic energy obtained by recovering combustion heat in the furnace and / or retained heat of the exhaust gas.

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