JP2015174900A - 化合物及びそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 - Google Patents
化合物及びそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015174900A JP2015174900A JP2014051224A JP2014051224A JP2015174900A JP 2015174900 A JP2015174900 A JP 2015174900A JP 2014051224 A JP2014051224 A JP 2014051224A JP 2014051224 A JP2014051224 A JP 2014051224A JP 2015174900 A JP2015174900 A JP 2015174900A
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 64
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 61
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 silylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 163
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 57
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 53
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 27
- 0 CCCCCCCC(*)C1(c2cc(*(C)C)ccc2-c2ccc(C)cc12)I Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(*)C1(c2cc(*(C)C)ccc2-c2ccc(C)cc12)I 0.000 description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 17
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000004659 aryl alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 11
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical class CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000005015 aryl alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 10
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000005018 aryl alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000005366 cycloalkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006619 Stille reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 5
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 5
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical group CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007818 Grignard reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- AAXGWYDSLJUQLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(CCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAXGWYDSLJUQLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002827 triflate group Chemical group FC(S(=O)(=O)O*)(F)F 0.000 description 3
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 description 2
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000000094 1,4-dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromobutane Chemical compound CCCCBr MPPPKRYCTPRNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNDIARAMWBIKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCBr MNDIARAMWBIKFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YZWKKMVJZFACSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopentane Chemical compound CCCCCBr YZWKKMVJZFACSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000005041 phenanthrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmagnesium bromide Chemical compound Br[Mg]C1=CC=CC=C1 ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005543 phthalimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical group CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006308 propyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005554 pyridyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical group CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZJMWRROPUADPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001420 substituted heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical group O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006318 tert-butyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005297 thienyloxy group Chemical group S1C(=CC=C1)O* 0.000 description 1
- ZWWLLYJRPKYTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CSC=C1C(O)=O ZWWLLYJRPKYTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003613 toluenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 式(1)で表される構造単位と式(2)で表される構造単位とを有する化合物。
式(1)中、環Aおよび環Bは、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素環または置換基を有していてもよい複素芳香環を表す。X1は硫黄原子、酸素原子またはセレン原子を表し、Y1およびY2はそれぞれ独立に窒素原子又は=CH−を表す。R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基又は1価の有機基を表す。R3及びR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基又は1価の有機基を表す。ただし、R3が水素原子のとき、R4は水素原子ではない。)
【選択図】なし
Description
(3)
(式(3)中、Qは式(1)及び式(2)でそれぞれ表される構造単位のいずれとも異なり、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜60のアリーレン基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4〜60の2価の複素環基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニレン基またはアルキニレン基を表す。)
本発明は、式(1)で表される構造単位と式(2)で表される構造単位とを有する化合物に関するものである。
〔式(1)中、環Aおよび環Bは、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭化水素環または置換基を有していてもよい複素芳香環を表す。X1は硫黄原子、酸素原子またはセレン原子を表し、Y1およびY2はそれぞれ独立に窒素原子又は=CH−を表す。R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基又は1価の有機基を表す。R3およびR4はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基又は1価の有機基を表す。ただし、R3が水素原子のとき、R4は水素原子ではない。〕
複素環オキシ基は、その炭素数が通常4〜60程度である。複素環オキシ基の具体例としては、チエニルオキシ基、C1〜C12アルキルチエニルオキシ基、ピロリルオキシ基、フリルオキシ基、ピリジルオキシ基、C1〜C12アルキルピリジルオキシ基、イミダゾリルオキシ基、ピラゾリルオキシ基、トリアゾリルオキシ基、オキサゾリルオキシ基、チアゾールオキシ基、チアジアゾールオキシ基が挙げられる。
複素環チオ基は、その炭素数が通常4〜60程度である。複素環チオ基の具体例としては、チエニルメルカプト基、C1〜C12アルキルチエニルメルカプト基、ピロリルメルカプト基、フリルメルカプト基、ピリジルメルカプト基、C1〜C12アルキルピリジルメルカプト基、イミダゾリルメルカプト基、ピラゾリルメルカプト基、トリアゾリルメルカプト基、オキサゾリルメルカプト基、チアゾールメルカプト基、チアジアゾールメルカプト基が挙げられる。
R’’は、同一又は相異なり、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、置換シリル基、アシル基又は1価の複素環基を表す。
R’’で表される、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、置換シリル基、アシル基、1価の複素環基の定義、具体例は、前述のR1およびR2で表されるアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基、置換シリル基、アシル基、1価の複素環基の定義、具体例と同じである。
(3)
式(3)中、Qは式(1)及び式(2)でそれぞれ表される構造単位のいずれとも異なり、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6〜60のアリーレン基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数4〜60の2価の複素環基、置換基を有していてもよいアルケニレン基またはアルキニレン基を表す。
アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基(例えば、下図の式1〜3)、ナフタレンジイル基(下図の式4〜13)、アントラセンジイル基(下図の式14〜19)、ビフェニル−ジイル基(下図の式20〜25)、ターフェニル−ジイル基(下図の式26〜28)、縮合環化合物基(下図の式29〜38)などが例示される。縮合環化合物基には、フルオレン−ジイル基(下図の式36〜38)が含まれる。
ヘテロ原子として、窒素を含む2価の複素環基:ピリジン−ジイル基(下図の式39〜44)、ジアザフェニレン基(下図の式45〜48)、キノリンジイル基(下図の式49〜63)、キノキサリンジイル基(下図の式64〜68)、アクリジンジイル基(下図の式69〜72)、ビピリジルジイル基(下図の式73〜75)、フェナントロリンジイル基(下図の式76〜78);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素、窒素、硫黄、セレンなどを含みフルオレン構造を有する基(下図の式79〜93);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素、窒素、硫黄、セレンなどを含む5員環複素環基(下図の式94〜98);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素、窒素、硫黄、セレンなどを含む5員環縮合複素基(下図の式99〜110);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素、窒素、硫黄、セレンなどを含む5員環複素環基でそのヘテロ原子のα位で結合し2量体やオリゴマーになっている基(下図の式111〜112);
ヘテロ原子としてけい素、窒素、硫黄、セレンなどを含む5員環複素環基でそのヘテロ原子のα位でフェニル基に結合している基(下図の式113〜119);
ヘテロ原子として酸素、窒素、硫黄、などを含む5員環縮合複素環基にフェニル基やフリル基、チエニル基が置換した基(下図の式120〜127);
(4)
〔式(4)中、R1、R2、R3およびR4は、前述と同じ意味を表す。ただし、R3が水素原子のとき、R4は水素原子ではない。〕
本発明の化合物は、如何なる方法で製造してもよいが、例えば、用いる重合反応に適した官能基を有するモノマーを合成した後に、必要に応じて該モノマーを有機溶媒に溶解し、アルカリ、触媒、配位子等を用いた公知のアリールカップリング反応を用いて重合することにより合成することができる。前記モノマーの合成は、例えば、特開2013−494842号公報に示された方法を参考にして行うことができる。
1価の複素環基としては、チエニル基、ピロリル基、フリル基、ピリジル基、キノリル基、イソキノリル基等が挙げられる。また、化合物の末端に残っている重合活性基を、安定な基に代えて、水素原子で置換してもよい。ホール輸送性を高める観点からは、末端を保護する安定な基がアリールアミノ基などの電子供与性を付与する基であることが好ましい。化合物が共役高分子化合物である場合、高分子化合物の主鎖の共役構造と末端を保護する安定な基の共役構造とが連続するような共役結合を有している基も末端を保護する安定な基として好ましく用いることができる。該基としては、例えば、アリール基、芳香族性を有する1価の複素環基が挙げられる。
(式(5)中、R3およびR4は、前述と同じ意味を表す。ただし、R3が水素原子のとき、R4は水素原子ではない。Zは、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子又は塩素原子を表す。2個あるZは、同一でも相異なっていてもよい。)
(8)
ナトリウムアルコキシドとしては、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウムエトキシド、ナトリウムドデシルオキシド、ナトリウムフェノキシドなどが挙げられる。
(9)
(式(9)中、R1およびR2は、前述と同じ意味を表す。)
(12)
本発明の化合物は、600nmの光等の長波長の光の吸光度が高く、太陽光を効率的に吸収するため、本発明の化合物を用いて製造した有機光電変換素子は短絡電流密度が大きくなる。また、本発明の化合物は、大きな開放端電圧を得ることができる。
1.一対の電極と、該電極間に機能層を有し、該機能層が電子受容性化合物と、本発明の化合物とを含有する有機光電変換素子;
2.一対の電極と、該電極間に機能層を有し、該機能層が電子受容性化合物と、本発明の化合物とを含有する有機光電変換素子であって、該電子受容性化合物がフラーレン誘導体である有機光電変換素子;
が挙げられる。前記一対の電極は、通常、少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明であり、以下、その場合を一例として説明する。
本発明の有機光電変換素子における前記機能層としては、例えば、本発明の化合物と電子受容性化合物とを含有する有機薄膜を用いることができる。
フラーレン誘導体とは、フラーレンの少なくとも一部が修飾された化合物を表す。
(I) (II) (III) (IV)
(式(I)〜(IV)中、Raは、アルキル基、アリール基、1価の複素環基又はエステル構造を有する基である。複数個あるRaは、同一であっても相異なってもよい。Rbはアルキル基又はアリール基を表す。複数個あるRbは、同一であっても相異なってもよい。)
(V)
(式(V)中、u1は、1〜6の整数を表す、u2は、0〜6の整数を表す、Rcは、アルキル基、アリール基又は1価の複素環基を表す。)
前記有機薄膜は、如何なる方法で製造してもよく、例えば、本発明の化合物および高分子化合物を含む溶液からの成膜による方法で製造してもよいし、真空蒸着法により有機薄膜を形成してもよい。溶液からの成膜により有機薄膜を製造する方法としては、例えば、一方の電極上に該溶液を塗布し、その後、溶媒を蒸発させて有機薄膜を製造する方法が挙げられる。
有機光電変換素子は、透明又は半透明の電極から太陽光等の光を照射することにより、電極間に光起電力が発生し、有機薄膜太陽電池として動作させることができる。有機薄膜太陽電池を複数集積することにより有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールとして用いることもできる。
本発明の有機薄膜トランジスタは、ソース電極と、ドレイン電極と、有機半導体層と、ゲート電極とを備え、前記有機半導体層に、式(A)で表される繰り返し単位と式(B)で表される繰り返し単位とを含む化合物、または式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を含む高分子化合物を含有する。
(化合物2の合成)
フラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した1000mL四つ口フラスコに、化合物1を5.00g(22.70mmol)と脱水THF(テトラヒドロフラン)を100mL入れて均一な溶液とした。フラスコを60℃に加熱し、反応液に1.00Mの3−ドデシルマグネシウムブロマイドのジエチルエーテル溶液を90.8mL(90.8mmol)20分間かけて加えた。その後、85℃まで上げ、そのままの温度で反応液を3時間加熱攪拌した。その後、10分かけて温度を0℃に下げ、反応液に水を加えて反応を停止し、さらにクロロホルムを加え、反応生成物を含む有機層を抽出した。クロロホルム溶液である有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、有機層をろ過後、ろ液の溶媒を留去し、化合物2を12.7g(22.70mmol)得た。
(化合物3の合成)
フラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した300mLフラスコに、化合物2を12.7g(22.70mmol)、酢酸を100mL入れて均一な溶液とした。該溶液にトリフルオロ酢酸を50mL(90.78mmol)入れて100℃で3時間加熱攪拌を行った。反応液を室温(25℃)まで冷却後、水50mLを加え、さらにトルエンを加えて反応生成物を含む有機層を抽出した。トルエン溶液である有機層を硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、有機層をろ過後、溶媒を留去した。得られた粗生成物を、展開溶媒がヘキサンであるアルミナカラムで生成し、化合物3を6.34g(11.67mmol)得た。
(化合物4の合成)
フラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した200mLフラスコに、化合物3を 5.0 g (9.2 mmol)を100 mLの三口フラスコに加え、クロロホルム (40 mL), 酢酸(20 mL)を加えた。さらに、N−ブロモスクシンイミド 3.44 g(18 mmol) を加え、二時間加熱還流させた。室温まで冷却後、水を加えた。反応混合物をクロロホルムで三回抽出し、合わせた有機層を水でよく洗浄した。有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。ろ過後、ろ液を濃縮した、得られた残渣をアルミナカラムクロマトグラフィーでヘキサンを用いて精製し、得られた残渣を酢酸エチル−メタノールで再結晶することで化合物4を黄色固体として3.2 g (4.6mmol)得た。
化合物6の合成
還流冷却管を備えフラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した200mLフラスコに、オクタノール 270 mg(3.8 mmol) とTHF 15 mL を加え、0 ℃に冷却した。これに、水素化ナトリウム 151.5 mg (60% oil dispersion, 3.8 mmol) をゆっくりと加えた。これを室温で一時間撹拌した。再び 0 ℃に冷却した後、化合物 5を500 mg(1.52 mmol)を固体状態で加え、6時間加熱還流させた。その後、再び0 ℃まで冷却し、冷水をゆっくりと加えた。反応混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、合わせた有機層を無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。ろ過後、ろ液を濃縮し、得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーでヘキサン/酢酸エチルの混合溶媒で精製し、化合物6を610 mg(73%)として得た。
化合物8の合成
フラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した200mLに、ジブロモチオフェン(7)を3.0 gを(12.40 mmol)、THF (50 mL)に加えた。これを−78 ℃まで冷却し、これに1.4Mのn−ブチルリチウム ヘキサン溶液を26.57 mLを(37.2 mmol) をゆっくりと滴下した。滴下後、低温下で一時間撹拌した。その後、トリブチルスズクロリド を12.1 g(37.2 mmol)のTHF溶液を加えた。室温まで温度を上昇させた後、一時間撹拌した。一時間後、反応混合物に水をゆっくりと加えた。反応混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、合わせた有機層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させた。これを、ろ過して硫酸マグネシウムを除去後、ろ液を濃縮した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーでヘキサンで素早く供したのち、得られたフラクションを濃縮した。得られた残渣をゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで精製することで、化合物8を無色油状物 7.45 g(91%) として得た。
(高分子化合物Aの合成)
フラスコ内の気体をアルゴンで置換した100mLフラスコに、化合物4を265mg(0.378mmol)、参考例4で合成した化合物6を104mg(0.189mmol)、化合物9を83.1mg(0.189mmol)、トリス(2−トリル)ホスフィンを8.2mg(0.027mmol)、脱水クロロベンゼン7mLを入れて均一溶液とした。得られたトルエン溶液を、アルゴンで30分バブリングした。一方、滴下ろうとに参考例5で合成した化合物8を500mg(0.755 mmol)のクロロベンゼン(5 mL)溶液を加え、5分間窒素バブリングを行い十分に脱気した。その後、フロスコのクロロベンゼン溶液に、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウムを16.7mg(0.0182mmol)加え、化合物8のクロロベンゼン溶液を滴下した。反応混合物を105℃で3時間攪拌した後にさらに120℃で3時間攪拌した。その後、フラスコを室温までに冷却し、反応液をメタノール200mLと濃塩酸20mLの混合溶液に注いだ。析出したポリマーをろ過して回収し、得られたポリマーを、円筒ろ紙に入れ、ソックスレー抽出器を用いて、アセトン及びヘキサンでそれぞれ3時間洗浄した。円筒ろ紙内に残ったポリマーを、オルトジクロロベンゼン13mLに溶解させ、アルミナ/シリカゲルカラムを通した。得られた溶液をメタノールに注いでポリマーを析出させ、ポリマーをろ過後、乾燥し、精製された重合体152mgを得た。以下、この重合体を高分子化合物Aと呼称する。ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量は3.0×104、ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は8.8×103であった。
高分子化合物Aは、単量体の仕込み比から、上記式においてa=100、b=50、c=50のモル比率を有する高分子化合物と推定される。
(高分子化合物Bの合成)
100mLフラスコ内の気体をアルゴンガス雰囲気下とした後、化合物10(200m
g,0.166mmol)、European Journal of Organic Chemistry,2011,25,4841−4852に記載の方法に従って合成した化合物11(104.0mg,0.166mmol)
およびトリス(2−トリル)ホスフィン(4.5mg,0.015mmol)、脱水トル
エン(11mL)を加え均一溶液とした後、30分間アルゴンガスバブリングによって脱
気した。その後、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(2.28mg,0.
0025mmol)を加え、105℃で4.5時間攪拌し、さらに、120℃で2時間攪
拌した。その後、得られた反応溶液にフェニルブロミド(50mg)を加え、2時間攪拌
した。その後、得られた反応溶液を室温まで冷却し、該反応溶液を、メタノール(200
mL)および37wt%の濃塩酸(20mL)の混合溶液に注いだ。析出した固体を濾過
して集め、得られた固体を円筒濾紙に入れ、ソックスレー抽出器を用いて、メタノール、
アセトンおよびヘキサンでそれぞれ3時間洗浄した。その後、円筒濾紙内に残った残渣を
トルエン(15mL)に溶解させ、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム(0.18g
)および水(2.0mL)を加え、90℃で3時間攪拌を行った。水層を分液して除去後
、得られた有機層を水(50mL)で2回、3wt%酢酸水溶液(50mL)で2回、水
(50mL)で2回洗浄した後、得られた溶液をメタノールに注ぐことで固体を析出させ
た。得られた固体を濾過後、乾燥させ、得られた固体をo−ジクロロベンゼン(8mL)
に再度溶解させた後、アルミナ/シリカゲルカラムを通過させた。得られた溶液をメタノ
ールに注ぐことで固体を析出させ、得られた固体を濾過後、乾燥させることで、高分子化
合物Kを124mg得た。高分子化合物Bのポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量は2.3×
104であり、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量は4.7×104であった。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製及び評価)
電子受容性化合物であるフラーレン誘導体C70PCBM(Phenyl C71−butyric acid methyl ester、アメリカンダイソース社製、商品名:ADS71BFA(ロット番号10K037E)と、電子供与性化合物である高分子化合物Aとを、2:1の重量比で混合し、混合物の濃度が2.25重量%となるよう、o−ジクロロベンゼンに溶解させた。得られた溶液を、孔径0.5μmのテフロン(登録商標)フィルターで濾過し、塗布溶液1を調製した。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製及び評価)
高分子化合物Aの代わりに高分子化合物Bを用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして有機薄膜太陽電池を作成し、評価した。光電変換効率は2.6%であり、Jsc(短絡電流密度)は4.99mA/cm2であり、Voc(開放端電圧)は0.87Vであり、FF(フィルファクター)は0.60であった。
Claims (8)
- R3及びR4が、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいアルコキシ基または置換基を有していてもよいアリールオキシ基であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の化合物。
- 数平均分子量3000以上の高分子化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と電子受容性化合物を含み、電子受容性化合物の含有率が請求項1〜4記載の化合物100重量部に対して10〜1000重量部である電子素子用組成物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含む電子素子。
- 一対の電極と、該電極間に設けられた機能層とを有し、該機能層が電子受容性化合物と請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物とを含む光電変換素子。
- 電子受容性化合物が、フラーレン誘導体である請求項7記載の光電変換素子。
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