JP2015150508A - Waste disposal method, waste processing method and waste processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide waste disposal means that prevents components in waste from leaking by covering the whole waste with covering material such as concrete at a disposal site while increasing waste density.SOLUTION: A waste disposal method includes: a lining step of lining inner peripheral surfaces 2a, 2b of a waste disposal site with lining material; a screening step of separating waste in large-diameter particles and medium-diameter particles based on a first reference particle diameter; a crushing step of crushing the medium-diameter particles into small-diameter particles having a second reference particle diameter or less; a mixing step of generating mixed particles by mixing the large-diameter particles and the small-diameter particles; a filling step of filling the mixed particles in the waste disposal site; and a covering step of covering the upper surface of the mixed particles with covering material. Here, the first reference particle diameter is set such that the total volume of the large-diameter particles is 60-80% of the total volume of the waste, and the second reference particle diameter is set to one-fifth or less of the first reference particle diameter.

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste disposal method in which waste is covered and disposed in a waste disposal site so that substances contained in the waste do not leak out of the waste disposal site, and the waste disposal method. The present invention relates to a waste processing method and a processing apparatus used.

  In general, combustible waste (hereinafter referred to as "combustible waste") among various general wastes generated at homes or offices is collected at many homes or offices and then incinerated at waste incineration facilities. The As a result, a large amount of incineration ash is generated in the waste incineration facility, but such incineration ash must be finally disposed of by dumping, landfilling, or the like. In addition, non-combustible waste (hereinafter referred to as “non-combustible waste”) of general waste is generally crushed in a waste crushing facility. As a result, a large amount of crushed material is generated in the waste crushing facility, but such crushed material also needs to be finally disposed of by dumping or landfill. The same applies when disposing of waste other than combustible or noncombustible waste at the waste disposal site.

  However, incineration ash generated at the waste incineration facility, crushed material generated at the waste crushing facility, or other waste to be disposed of at the waste disposal site (hereinafter referred to as “disposable waste”) is heavy metal (for example, chromium). , Mercury, cadmium) or a compound thereof, or organic harmful substances such as PCB or dioxin. Therefore, it is not preferable to dispose of such disposal waste simply by dumping, landfilling or the like in the state as it is.

  Therefore, the disposal waste containing such harmful substances is solidified by mixing or kneading with concrete or asphalt, and the hazardous substances contained in the disposal waste or the liquid containing the harmful substances are put out of the disposal waste. Various disposal methods for waste that have been processed so as not to leak and disposed or dumped, or used as civil engineering / building materials have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, in order to solidify a large amount of disposal waste with concrete or asphalt and solidify it, a large-scale facility, a large amount of money, and a great amount of labor are required.

  Therefore, by disposing of the disposal waste at the waste disposal site and covering the entire disposal waste with concrete, asphalt, etc., leakage of hazardous substances in the disposal waste to the outside of the waste disposal site is prevented. It is simple and inexpensive to do. Various treatment methods for such waste requiring disposal have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).

JP-A-7-96263 JP 2006-82013 A JP 2003-236490 A JP 2010-240501 A

  And in this way, when disposing of the waste to be disposed at the waste disposal site and covering it with concrete, asphalt, etc., in order to effectively use the space of the waste disposal site, the density of the waste to be disposed of is reduced. It is necessary to raise as much as possible. However, in the conventional disposal method of this kind of required waste, the density of the required waste is not sufficiently increased because the required waste is only pressed to increase its density. For this reason, there exists a problem that a vast waste disposal site is required for disposal of a waste requiring disposal.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and while increasing the density of the waste to be disposed as much as possible, the entire waste to be disposed of is made concrete, asphalt, etc. at the waste disposal site. It is an object to be solved to provide a waste disposal means that can be coated with the above coating material and can effectively prevent the components contained in the waste requiring disposal from leaking out of the waste disposal site.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the waste to be disposed of in the waste disposal site according to the present invention is coated so that the substances contained in the waste to be disposed do not leak out of the waste disposal site. The waste disposal method to be discarded includes a lining process, a sieving process, a crushing process, a filling process, and a covering process.

  In the lining process, the inner peripheral surface of the concave waste disposal site is lined with a lining material that does not allow substances contained in the waste to be disposed of to pass through. In the sieving step, the waste to be disposed is separated by sieving into large-diameter particles having a particle size larger than the first reference particle size and medium-diameter particles having a particle size not more than the first reference particle size. In the crushing step, the medium-sized particles are crushed so as to be small-diameter particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the second reference particle size smaller than the first reference particle size. In the mixing step, large particles and small particles are mixed to produce mixed particles. In the filling step, the mixed particles are filled into a waste disposal site lined with a lining material. In the coating step, the upper surface of the mixed particles filled in the waste disposal site is coated with a coating material that does not pass the substances contained in the waste to be disposed of. In this waste disposal method, the first reference particle size is a value in which the total volume of large particles is in the range of 60 to 80% of the total volume of large particles and medium particles, preferably 65 to 75%. The value is set within a range, most preferably in the vicinity of 70% (for example, 70% ± 2%).

  In the waste disposal method according to the present invention, before carrying out the sieving step, coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size larger than the first reference particle size are separated from the waste requiring disposal by sieving. It is preferable to have a coarse particle separation step and a coarse particle crushing step of crushing these coarse particles so as to have a particle size equal to or smaller than the upper limit particle size and returning them to waste for disposal.

  The waste processing method for increasing the density of the waste requiring disposal to be disposed of in the waste disposal site according to the present invention includes a sieving step, a crushing step, and a mixing step. In the sieving step, the waste to be disposed is separated by sieving into large-diameter particles having a particle size larger than the first reference particle size and medium-diameter particles having a particle size not more than the first reference particle size. In the crushing step, the medium-sized particles are crushed so as to be small-diameter particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the second reference particle size smaller than the first reference particle size. In the mixing step, large particles and small particles are mixed to produce mixed particles. In this waste treatment method, the first reference particle size is a value in which the total volume of large particles is in the range of 60 to 80% of the total volume of large particles and medium particles, preferably 65 to 75%. The value is set within a range, most preferably in the vicinity of 70% (for example, 70% ± 2%).

  In the waste treatment method according to the present invention, before carrying out the sieving step, coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size larger than the first reference particle size are separated from the waste requiring disposal by sieving. It is preferable to have a coarse particle separation step and a coarse particle crushing step of crushing these coarse particles so as to have a particle size equal to or smaller than the upper limit particle size and returning them to waste for disposal.

  A waste treatment apparatus for increasing the density of waste to be disposed of in a waste disposal site according to the present invention includes a sieving device, a crushing device, and a mixing device. The sieving apparatus separates the waste for disposal into large particles having a particle size larger than the first reference particle size and medium particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the first reference particle size. The crushing device crushes the medium-sized particles so as to be small-sized particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the second reference particle size smaller than the first reference particle size. The mixing device mixes large diameter particles and small diameter particles to generate mixed particles. In this waste treatment apparatus, the first reference particle size is a value in which the total volume of large particles is in the range of 60 to 80% of the total volume of large particles and medium particles, preferably 65 to 75%. It is set to a value within the range, most preferably a value in the vicinity of 70% (for example, 70% ± 2%).

  The waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention is a coarse particle for separating coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size larger than the first reference particle size from the waste to be disposed introduced into the sieving device by sieving. It is preferable to have a separation device and a coarse particle crushing device that crushes these coarse particles so as to have a particle size equal to or smaller than the upper limit particle size and then supplies the coarse particles to the coarse particle separation device.

  In the waste disposal method, the waste treatment method, or the waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the second reference particle size is a value equal to or less than one fifth of the average particle size of the large particles, or 5 of the first reference particle size. It is preferable to set the value to 1 / min or less. In the waste disposal method, waste treatment method or waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that the lining material is concrete, asphalt or a synthetic resin sheet, and the coating material is concrete or asphalt.

  According to the waste disposal method, the waste disposal method, or the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention, while increasing the density of the disposal waste to be disposed of in the waste disposal site as much as possible, It is possible to dispose of or dispose of the required waste so that the contained substances do not leak out of the waste disposal site.

(A)-(d) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the waste disposal site which shows typically the disposal method of the waste which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the processing apparatus for raising the density of the waste for disposal which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the change characteristic of the packing density of the mixed particle with respect to the ratio of the large particle in the mixed particle which mixed the large particle and the small particle. It is a graph which shows the change characteristic of the packing density of the mixed particle with respect to the particle size ratio of a large particle and a small particle in the mixed particle which mixed the large particle and the small particle. It is a graph which shows the particle size distribution of a disposal waste. It is a graph which shows the particle size distribution of the waste for disposal from which the coarse particle was removed by sieving. It is a graph which shows the particle size distribution of the large diameter particle isolate | separated by sieving. It is a graph which shows the particle size distribution of the medium diameter particle | grains isolate | separated by sieving, and the particle size distribution of the small diameter particle obtained by crushing this medium diameter particle. It is a graph which shows the particle size distribution of the mixed particle (waste for landfill) obtained by mixing a large diameter particle and a small diameter particle.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, the outline | summary of the disposal method of the waste which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
As shown to Fig.1 (a), in the disposal method of the waste requiring disposal (waste which should be discarded in a waste disposal site) which concerns on embodiment of this invention, the ground of the waste disposal site 1 is excavated first. As a result, a concave waste disposal site 2 having a flat bottom surface 2a extending in the horizontal direction and an inclined side surface 2b is formed.

  Next, as shown in FIG.1 (b), the lining layer 3 is formed in the inner peripheral surface of the waste disposal site 2, ie, the bottom face 2a, and the side surface 2b, using concrete or asphalt. The material of the lining layer 3 is not limited to concrete or asphalt, and other materials such as synthetic resin sheets may be used as long as they do not pass liquid or solid components in the waste to be disposed of. It may be used.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the waste to be disposed 4 is dumped and filled in the waste disposal site 2. As will be described in detail later, the density of the disposal waste 4 is increased as much as possible by adjusting the particle size. For this reason, the volume or scale of the waste disposal site 2 can be made as small as possible.

  Finally, as shown in FIG.1 (d), the coating layer 5 which coat | covers the upper surface of the disposal waste 4 in the waste disposal site 2 and the surrounding ground is formed using concrete or asphalt. As a result, components contained in the waste to be disposed 4 such as inorganic harmful substances such as heavy metals such as chromium, mercury, cadmium or their compounds, or organic harmful substances such as PCB or dioxin are disposed of in the waste disposal site. 2 is completely sealed by the lining layer 3 and the covering layer 5, and is surely prevented from leaking out of the waste disposal site.

  As described above, the density of the disposal waste 4 dumped or disposed in the waste disposal site 2 is increased as much as possible by adjusting the particle size. The adjustment method will be described in detail.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a waste treatment apparatus for adjusting the particle size of the waste requiring disposal 4 and increasing its density as much as possible. As shown in FIG. 2, in the waste treatment apparatus S, the waste to be disposed 4 is first separated by a first sieving device 11 (coarse particle separation device) by a transport means (not shown) such as a belt conveyor or a bucket conveyor. To be supplied. The first sieving device 11 is for removing coarse particles having an excessively large particle diameter, and allows the particles having a particle diameter d to be equal to or smaller than a predetermined upper limit particle diameter D ₁ (for example, 20 mm) to pass through. d is provided with a sieve (not shown) having a size sieve mesh of which prevents the passage of coarse particles exceeding the upper limit particle diameter D _1.

The coarse particles removed by the first sieving device 11 are supplied to the first crushing device 12 (coarse particle crushing device). The first crushing device 12, the coarse particles returned to the first sieve 11 in terms of the particle size were crushed such that the upper diameter D ₁ follows. Since returning this way the particles crushed by the first crusher 12 to a first sieving device 11, even if the fracture is a particle size not sufficient coarse particles exceeding the upper limit particle diameter D ₁ was left, these The coarse particles are removed by the first sieving device 11 and again introduced into the first crushing device 12 to be crushed. If there is no problem even if some coarse particles are mixed in the waste for disposal, the particles crushed by the first crushing device 12 are not returned to the first sieving device 11, but will be described later. You may supply to the 2nd sieving apparatus 13 to do.

  As the 1st crushing apparatus 12, a roller mill etc. can be used, for example. Although not shown, the roller mill is a type of crushing machine that crushes or crushes coarse particles between a rotating roller and a stationary wall surface or bottom surface. By changing the position, the number of rotations of the rollers, etc., the size or particle size of the object to be crushed can be easily adjusted.

Particles of the first sieving device 11 particle size which passed through the upper limit particle diameter D ₁ less essential disposal waste 4 is supplied to a second sieve 13. The second sieving device 13, large-diameter particle size d is a principal disposal particles of waste 4 with no more than the upper diameter D _1, more than the particle size d is a predetermined first reference diameter D _{2 (e.g.,} 10 mm) and particle, the particle diameter is used for separating into a medium-diameter particles is first less than the reference diameter D _2, while the particle diameter d is passing the first reference diameter D ₂ smaller particles, the particle size d is provided with a sieve (not shown) having a sieve size that prevents the passage of particles greater than a first reference diameter D _2.

Here, the first reference diameter D _2, the values in the 60-80% range of the total volume of the total volume of large particles (or the total mass) large particles and the medium-diameter particles (or the total mass), The value is preferably set to a value in the range of 65 to 75%, and most preferably in the vicinity of 70% (for example, 70% ± 2%). Rationale for setting a first reference diameter D ₂ to such values will be described later in detail. Such a first reference diameter D ₂ retrieves a portion of the main disposal waste 4 to be supplied to the second sieve 13, ordinary particle size distribution measuring apparatus known that particle size distribution in general For example, it can be easily measured with a measuring device equipped with a multistage sieve.

The medium-sized particles of the disposal waste 4 that has passed through the sieve of the second sieving device 13 are supplied to the second crushing device 14. In the second crushing device 14, the medium-sized particles are crushed so as to be small-sized particles having a predetermined second reference particle size D ₃ smaller than the first reference particle size D ₂ (for example, 2 to 3 mm or less). To do. Here, the second reference diameter D ₃ is the value of 1 or less or a value of 1 or less in 5 minutes of the first reference diameter D ₂ of the 5 minutes the mean particle diameter Da of the large particles (see FIG. 7) Is set. Basis for setting the second reference diameter D ₃ to such values will be described later in detail.

  As the 2nd crushing apparatus 14, a rod mill breaker etc. can be used, for example. A rod mill breaker is a crushing machine in which a plurality of (for example, 10) steel rods are arranged as a crushing tool in a drum. The coarse particles of the disposal waste 4 existing between the rods are crushed. The particle size can be easily adjusted by appropriately adjusting, for example, the type of steel rod, the position of the steel rod, the number of rotations of the steel rod, and the like.

And large particles a particle diameter d which is separated more than 1 standard particle size D ₂ by a second sieving device 13, the particle size produced by the second crusher 14 and a second reference diameter D ₃ less small particles Is supplied to the mixing device 15. And the mixing apparatus 15 mixes a large diameter particle and a small diameter particle, and produces | generates mixed particle, ie, the waste for a landfill. As will be described in detail later, the density of the disposal waste 4 composed of such mixed particles is equal to the density of the disposal waste 4 before processing supplied to the first sieving apparatus 11 (for example, 1.. 2 g / cm ³ ), or the density of the waste disposal waste 4 composed only of large-diameter particles (for example, 1.2 g / cm ³ ), or the density of the waste disposal waste 4 composed only of small-diameter particles (for example, 1.2 g / cm ³ ), which is a significant increase (eg about 20%).

Hereinafter, the first reference diameter D _2, the values in the 60-80% range of the total volume of the total volume of large particles (or the total mass) large particles and the medium-diameter particles (or the total weight), preferably value within the range of 65% to 75%, most preferably basis set to a value of around 70% (e.g. 70% ± 2%), and, a second reference diameter _{D 3,} the large particles to explain the basis for setting the average particle diameter of 1 or less or a value of 1 or less in 5 minutes of the first reference diameter D ₂ of the 5 minutes of Da.

3, in the mixed particles large particles and the particle diameter of the spherical particle diameter is a constant value d ₁ is obtained by mixing a small diameter spherical particles is a constant value d _{2 (≦} d _1), filling An example of the relationship between the density P and the volume or mass ratio ω (hereinafter referred to as “mixing ratio ω”) of the large-sized particles with respect to all the particles is a particle diameter ratio R (d ₁ / d ₂ ≧ 1) of both particles. Is a graph that represents as a parameter. Here, the “packing density P” is the ratio of the volume occupied by all particles to the space volume V when a space having a predetermined volume V is filled with a large number of particles, that is, in the aggregate. Is a value of 0 or more and 1 or less expressed by (1-ε), and is a dimensionless amount.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the packing density P has a maximum (peak) when the mixing ratio ω is in the vicinity of 0.7 regardless of the particle diameter ratio R. Further, as the particle diameter ratio R increases, the maximum value (peak value) of the packing density P increases. Therefore, when mixing two types of particles having different particle diameters, the mixing ratio ω is set within a certain range centered on 0.7, while the packing density P can be increased by increasing the particle diameter ratio R as much as possible. Can be increased as much as possible. When the mixing ratio ω is 0 or 1 (the particle diameter ratio R is not required), or when the particle diameter ratio R is 1 (the mixing ratio ω is not required), that is, when the particle diameter of all particles is uniform. The density P is the minimum value and is approximately 0.58 in the example shown in FIG.

  FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum value (peak value) of the packing density P and the particle size ratio R. As described above, the maximum value (peak value) of the packing density P increases as the particle size ratio R increases. As is apparent from FIG. 4, when the particle size ratio R exceeds 5, the packing density P increases. The rate slows down significantly. That is, even if the particle size ratio R is excessively increased beyond 5, the packing density P cannot be increased so much as compared with the state where the particle size ratio R is 5.

  Therefore, in the case of mixed particles obtained by mixing spherical large-diameter particles having a constant particle diameter and spherical small-diameter particles having a constant particle diameter, the total volume (or total mass) of the large-diameter particles Is in the range of 60 to 80%, preferably in the range of 65 to 75%, most preferably in the vicinity of 70% (for example 70% ± 2%) of the total volume (or total mass) of the large and small particles. If the particle size ratio of both particles is 5 or more, the packing density P of the mixed particles is increased to the maximum. Hereinafter, the mixed state or particle size distribution state of the particles in which the packing density P is increased in this way is referred to as a “high density packed state”.

  In view of such facts, in the waste disposal method according to the present invention, if the particle size distribution of the waste to be disposed 4 is adjusted to a state close to a high density filling state, the packing density of the waste to be disposed 4 That is, it is considered that the density of the disposal waste 4 can be increased as much as possible. Therefore, in the waste disposal method or processing method or processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the waste to be disposed 4 is subjected to a plurality of sieving treatments and a plurality of crushing treatments, and the waste to be disposed of. The particle size distribution of No. 4 is made to be in a state close to a high-density filling state.

Hereinafter, an example of a method for adjusting the particle size distribution of the waste requiring disposal 4 to a state close to a high-density filling state will be specifically described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 shows an example of the particle size distribution of the waste requiring disposal 4 supplied to the waste treatment apparatus S. As is apparent from FIG. 5, the waste requiring disposal 4 includes coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size D ₁ (for example, 20 mm). Therefore, coarse particles exceeding the upper limit particle diameter D ₁ are removed by the first sieving device 11. As a result, the particle size distribution of the waste requiring disposal 4 is in the state shown in FIG. Incidentally, coarse particles so returned to the first sieve device 11 is crushed by the first crusher 12, the graph shown in FIG. 6, only some are but that much particle size upper limit diameter D ₁ smaller particles The amount of is increasing.

Next, the second sieving device 13, the upper limit particle diameter D ₁ less essential disposal waste 4 particle size, the larger particles having a particle size d exceeds the first reference diameter D _2, the particle size is first 1 is separated into medium-sized particles having a reference particle diameter D of ₂ or less. FIG. 7 shows the particle size distribution of the large-sized particles separated in this way and having a particle size in the range of D _{1 to} D ₂ . A graph G1 in FIG. 8, thus isolated, the particle size indicates the particle size distribution of the medium-diameter particles is first less than the reference diameter D _2.

Thereafter, the medium-sized particles are crushed by the second crushing device 14 so as to be small-diameter particles having a particle size of the second reference particle size D ₃ (for example, 2 to 3 mm) or less. A graph G2 in FIG. 8 shows the particle size distribution of the medium-sized particles generated in this way and having a particle size equal to or smaller than the second reference particle size D3. Then, the mixing device 15 mixes the large diameter particles and the small diameter particles to generate mixed particles (landfill waste). FIG. 9 shows the particle size distribution of such mixed particles. As is clear from FIG. 9, the mixed particles include a large particle having a particle diameter in the range of D _{1 to} D ₂ (for example, 10 to 20 mm) and a small particle having a particle diameter of D3 or less (for example, 2-3 mm ≦) It consists of and. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the ratio of the volume (or mass) of the large-diameter particles to the volume (or mass) of the entire particles is approximately 70%.

  Unlike model mixed particles in which spherical large-diameter particles having a constant particle diameter and spherical small-diameter particles having a constant particle diameter described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 are mixed, disposal is required. The large diameter particles and the small diameter particles constituting the mixed particles of the waste 4 are not spherical, and these particle diameters are not constant values but have a certain width. However, since the mixed particles of the disposal waste 4 generated by the waste treatment apparatus S have a particle size distribution that approximates that of the model mixed particles in a high-density packing state, It is considered that the packing density and thus the density is increased in a manner that approximates the case.

  Thus, according to the waste disposal method, the waste disposal method, or the waste disposal apparatus S according to the embodiment of the present invention, while increasing the density of the disposal waste 4 to be discarded in the waste disposal site as much as possible. In addition, the required waste 4 can be disposed or discarded in such a manner that the substances contained in the required waste 4 do not leak out of the waste disposal site.

  S Waste treatment equipment, 1 Waste disposal site, 2 Waste disposal site, 2a Bottom surface of waste disposal site, 2b Side surface of waste disposal site, 3 Liner layer, 4 Disposable waste, 5 Coating layer, 11th 1 sieving device, 12 first crushing device, 13 second sieving device, 14 second crushing device, 15 mixing device.

Claims (15)

A waste disposal method in which waste to be disposed of in a waste disposal site is covered and disposed so that a substance contained in the waste does not leak out of the waste disposal site,
A lining process in which the inner peripheral surface of the concave waste disposal site is lined with a lining material that does not pass the substances contained in the waste;
Separating the waste into large particles having a particle size larger than the first reference particle size and medium particle particles having a particle size of the first reference particle size or less by sieving;
A crushing step of crushing the medium-sized particles so as to become small-diameter particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than a second reference particle size smaller than the first reference particle size;
A mixing step of mixing the large particles and the small particles to produce mixed particles;
A filling step of filling the mixed particles into the waste disposal site lined with the lining material;
A coating step of coating an upper surface of the mixed particles filled in the waste disposal site with a coating material that does not pass a substance contained in the waste;
A waste disposal method, wherein the first reference particle size is set such that the total volume of large particles is within a range of 60 to 80 percent of the total volume of large particles and medium particles.   The first reference particle size is set so that the total volume of large particles falls within a range of 65 to 75 percent of the total volume of large particles and medium particles. Waste disposal methods.   The second reference particle size is set to a value of 1/5 or less of the average particle size of the large particles or 1/5 or less of the first reference particle size. The disposal method of the waste as described in 2. Before carrying out the sieving step, a coarse particle separation step of separating coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size larger than the first reference particle size from the waste by sieving;
A coarse particle crushing step of crushing the coarse particles so as to have a particle size equal to or smaller than the upper limit particle size and returning the coarse particles to the waste, 4. Waste disposal methods.   The waste disposal method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lining material is concrete, asphalt, or a synthetic resin sheet, and the coating material is concrete or asphalt. A waste disposal method for increasing the density of waste to be disposed of in a waste disposal site,
Separating the waste into large particles having a particle size larger than the first reference particle size and medium particle particles having a particle size of the first reference particle size or less by sieving;
A crushing step of crushing the medium-sized particles so as to become small-diameter particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than a second reference particle size smaller than the first reference particle size;
A mixing step of mixing the large particles and the small particles to produce mixed particles;
A waste treatment method, wherein the first reference particle size is set so that the total volume of large particles is in a range of 60 to 80 percent of the total volume of large particles and medium particles.   The first reference particle size is set so that the total volume of large particles is in a range of 65 to 75 percent of the total volume of large particles and medium particles. Waste disposal methods.   The second reference particle size is set to a value equal to or less than one fifth of the average particle size of the large particles or one fifth of the first reference particle size. The waste disposal method according to 7. Before carrying out the sieving step, a coarse particle separation step of separating coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size larger than the first reference particle size from the waste by sieving;
A coarse particle crushing step in which the coarse particles are crushed so as to have a particle size equal to or smaller than the upper limit particle size and then returned to the waste, and the coarse particles are crushed in any one of claims 6 to 8. Waste disposal methods.   The waste treatment method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the lining material is concrete, asphalt, or a synthetic resin sheet, and the covering material is concrete or asphalt. A waste treatment apparatus for increasing the density of waste to be disposed of in a waste disposal site,
A sieving device for separating the waste into large particles having a particle size larger than a first reference particle size and medium particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the first reference particle size;
A crushing device for crushing the medium-sized particles so as to be small-sized particles having a particle size equal to or smaller than a second reference particle size smaller than the first reference particle size;
A mixing device for mixing the large diameter particles and the small diameter particles to generate mixed particles;
The first reference particle size is set such that the total volume of large particles is in a range of 60 to 80 percent of the total volume of large particles and medium particles. .   The first reference particle size is set such that a total volume of large particles is in a range of 65 to 75 percent of a total volume of large particles and medium particles. The waste disposal apparatus described.   12. The second reference particle size is set to a value equal to or less than one-fifth of an average particle size of the large particle or one-fifth or less of the first reference particle size. Or the waste processing apparatus according to 12; A coarse particle separation device for separating coarse particles having a particle size exceeding the upper limit particle size larger than the first reference particle size by sieving from the waste introduced into the sieving device;
A coarse particle crushing device that crushes the coarse particles so as to have a particle size equal to or smaller than the upper limit particle size and supplies the coarse particles to the coarse particle separation device. Waste disposal device described in 1.   The waste treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the lining material is concrete, asphalt, or a synthetic resin sheet, and the covering material is concrete or asphalt.

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