JP2008173570A - Method for treating particle waste - Google Patents

Method for treating particle waste Download PDF

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JP2008173570A
JP2008173570A JP2007009784A JP2007009784A JP2008173570A JP 2008173570 A JP2008173570 A JP 2008173570A JP 2007009784 A JP2007009784 A JP 2007009784A JP 2007009784 A JP2007009784 A JP 2007009784A JP 2008173570 A JP2008173570 A JP 2008173570A
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Yoshiaki Takakura
可明 高倉
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Towani KK
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating particular waste capable of treating the waste every time with no need of temporary storage of the particle waste which is easy to be scattered and hard to handle. <P>SOLUTION: The following steps are repeated for adjacently layering a large number of solidified layers in the entire container-like facility: partially defining a region in the container-like facility made of concrete with a barrage plate for shielding leakage of leachate from waste in the inside by exposing the upper part aperture and water penetration from the outside; loading a sludge body obtained by mixing the particle waste with water and/or a solidifying agent to the region partitioned by the barrage plate to form a solidified layer; defining another region in the inside of the container-like facility with a barrage plate; loading another sludge body obtained by mixing different particle waste with water and/or a solidifying agent to the latter region partitioned by the barrage plate to form another solidified layer; and repeating the steps of defining other regions with barrage plates ad forming other solidified layers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、例えば金属溶解炉や焼却炉からの浮遊粒子状物質(粉塵、煤塵等)や焼却灰、シュレッダーダスト等の粉粒状廃棄物の処分法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for disposing of particulate waste such as suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.), incinerated ash, shredder dust, etc. from a metal melting furnace or an incinerator.

管理型廃棄物処分場とは、埋立処分されたときに分解・溶出などの変化に伴い、汚水やガスが発生環境を汚染することがあるため、充分な管理を必要とする廃棄物を処分する処分場である。このような管理型処分場は廃棄物を貯留する擁壁や浸出水による地下水汚染を防止するための遮水工、埋立地の浸出水を集める集水設備、集水した浸出水を処理する浸出水処分設備及び発生ガスを排除する設備などによって施設が構成されている。   A managed waste disposal site is a landfill that disposes of waste that requires adequate management because sewage and gas may contaminate the environment in which it is generated due to changes in decomposition and elution. It is a disposal site. Such managed landfills include retaining walls to store waste and impervious works to prevent groundwater contamination by leachate, water collection facilities to collect leachate from landfills, and leachate to treat collected leachate. The facility is composed of water disposal equipment and equipment for eliminating generated gas.

従来の管理型廃棄物処分場では、合成樹脂系シートや合成ゴム系シートを施工する遮水シート工法が費用の面で圧倒的に多く採用されていた。しかしながら、埋立廃棄物の種類や荷重、埋立地の自然条件等によって長期の使用に耐えられず、遮水工としての信頼性に欠ける問題があった。そのため、本出願人は、長期の運営を余儀なくされる水処理施設を不要とする管理型廃棄物処分設備及び管理型廃棄物処分法を既に提案している(特許文献1参照)。   In conventional management-type waste disposal sites, the water-blocking sheet construction method for constructing synthetic resin-based sheets and synthetic rubber-based sheets was overwhelmingly adopted in terms of cost. However, due to the type and load of landfill waste, the natural conditions of the landfill, etc., there is a problem that it cannot withstand long-term use and lacks the reliability as a water barrier. Therefore, the present applicant has already proposed a management-type waste disposal facility and a management-type waste disposal method that do not require a water treatment facility that must be operated for a long time (see Patent Document 1).

一方、金属溶解炉や焼却炉からの浮遊粒子状物質(粉塵、煤塵等)は、直径が10μm以下のものを指す。焼却灰は焼却炉から排出される灰の総称であり、前述の浮遊粒子状物質を含み、直径が10μm以上のものも含む。   On the other hand, suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.) from a metal melting furnace or an incinerator is one having a diameter of 10 μm or less. Incineration ash is a general term for ash discharged from an incinerator, and includes the above-mentioned suspended particulate matter, including those having a diameter of 10 μm or more.

また、シュレッダーダストとは、廃家電や廃自動車を廃棄物用破砕機(シュレッダー)で破砕した混合物から金属等を回収した後のプラスチック・ガラス・ゴムなど破片の混合物の総称であり、用いるシュレッダーにもよるが、例えば、50mm以上、20〜50mm、20mm以下と区分けされることもある。これら粉塵、煤塵等の浮遊粒子状物質、焼却灰、シュレッダーダスト等の粉粒状廃棄物においては、それらの微粉状の形態から風等で飛散する可能性が高く、粒子の微小なものは飛散した後に沈降し難いことが取り扱いにおいて厄介である。   Shredder dust is a general term for a mixture of fragments such as plastic, glass, and rubber after recovering metals from a mixture of waste home appliances and waste cars crushed with a shredder for waste. However, it may be classified as, for example, 50 mm or more, 20 to 50 mm, or 20 mm or less. In these suspended particulate matters such as dust and soot dust, and granular waste such as incineration ash and shredder dust, there is a high possibility that they will be scattered by the wind from their fine powder form, and the fine particles are scattered. Difficult to settle later is difficult to handle.

また、これら粉粒状廃棄物には環境汚染物質として、重金属等の有害物質が混入されているおそれがあるため、その処分については、厳密な対応を迫られているものも少なくない。例えば、誘導溶融による金属溶融炉では、加熱のためのガスや燃焼を伴わないので排ガスの量が少なく、高度処理に向く金属溶融炉の一つであるが、この金属溶融炉の排ガスに含まれる金属ヒュームは、浮遊物質に含まれるが、固体物質の蒸気の凝固によって生じるため、一般的な浮遊粒子状物質よりも微小な固体粒子(1μm以下)であり、空気中で酸化されて酸化金属となり、沈降し難く、カドミウム、鉛等の有害な金属ヒュームを含むおそれがあるものは、処分や高度利用等を行う際には注意が必要となる。   In addition, since there is a possibility that harmful substances such as heavy metals are mixed in these granular wastes as environmental pollutants, there are many cases in which strict measures are required for their disposal. For example, a metal melting furnace by induction melting is one of the metal melting furnaces that are suitable for advanced processing because the amount of exhaust gas is small because it does not involve heating gas or combustion, but is included in the exhaust gas of this metal melting furnace Metal fume is contained in suspended matter, but is generated by solidification of solid matter vapor, so it is finer solid particles (1 μm or less) than ordinary suspended particulate matter, and is oxidized in the air to become oxidized metal. Therefore, care should be taken when disposing of or disposing high-grade materials that are difficult to settle and may contain harmful metal fumes such as cadmium and lead.

また、シュレッダーダストは、自動車などの製品には鉛やカドミウムが使用されているため、廃自動車由来のシュレッダーダストにも鉛が数千ppm、カドミウムが数十ppmのオーダーで含まれているため、1996年4月より管理型処分場に捨てることが義務づけられている。   In addition, because shredder dust uses lead and cadmium in products such as automobiles, shredder dust derived from scrap cars contains lead in the order of thousands of ppm and cadmium in the order of tens of ppm. Since April 1996, it has been obliged to dispose of it at a managed disposal site.

そのため、焼却灰等の粉粒状廃棄物をセメントと水系バインダーとで圧縮成形して廃棄物中の重金属の溶出を防止する提案も古くから行われており(例えば、特許文献2参照)、更に、焼却灰等の廃棄物を、水とセメントと共に混合、攪拌して、遮水性、気密性、耐候性を有する合成樹脂製の袋に充填して養生硬化させ密封した後、最終処分場に埋設する提案もなされている(例えば、特許文献3参照)。   For this reason, proposals have been made for a long time to prevent the elution of heavy metals in waste by compression molding of granular waste such as incinerated ash with cement and an aqueous binder (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Waste such as incineration ash is mixed with water and cement, stirred, filled into a bag made of synthetic resin that has water barrier, air tightness, and weather resistance, cured, sealed, and then buried in the final disposal site. Proposals have also been made (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

特許文献2の有害物質の溶出のおそれのある廃棄物をセメント等の固化剤と共に固化させて溶出を防ぐ処理法は長期の処分法としては有効であるが、埋立地の自然条件等によって長期の間に有害物質が溶出することも危惧されるため、特許文献3においては、遮水性、気密性、耐候性を有する合成樹脂製の袋に充填して養生硬化させ密封する手段を講じるている。   The treatment method for preventing elution by solidifying wastes with the possibility of leaching of harmful substances together with cement and other solidifying agents in Patent Document 2 is effective as a long-term disposal method. Since it is feared that harmful substances are eluted during this period, Patent Document 3 provides means for filling a bag made of a synthetic resin having water barrier properties, air tightness, and weather resistance, curing, curing, and sealing.

特許第3453706号公報Japanese Patent No. 3453706 特開昭51−47574号公報JP-A-51-47574 特開2000−288507号公報JP 2000-288507 A

しかしながら、合成樹脂製の袋で遮水したとしても10年以上の長期の使用では耐えられないことも充分に考えられ、より長期にわたって遮水効果のある施設が必要とされている。また、飛散し易く取り扱いの厄介な粉粒状廃棄物は廃棄される度毎に廃棄処分する方が、2次汚染を招くおそれが無い。しかし、廃棄される粉粒状廃棄物の廃棄量は一定しておらず、一定の量の廃棄物を処理するには一時貯留設備を必要としている。   However, even if the water is shielded with a bag made of synthetic resin, it is sufficiently considered that it cannot be used for a long period of time of 10 years or more, and a facility having a water shielding effect for a longer period is required. In addition, it is more likely to dispose of granular waste that is easily scattered and difficult to handle every time it is discarded. However, the amount of discarded granular waste is not constant, and a temporary storage facility is required to process a certain amount of waste.

本発明では、飛散し易く取り扱いの厄介な粉粒状廃棄物の一時貯留を必要とせず、廃棄される毎に処分することのできる粉粒状廃棄物の処分法を得ることを目的とし、更に、金属溶解炉や焼却炉からの浮遊粒子状物質(粉塵、煤塵等)や焼却灰、シュレッダーダスト等の粉粒状廃棄物を長期に亘って管理することの可能な粉粒状廃棄物の処分法を得ることを目的とする。   It is an object of the present invention to obtain a method for disposing of granular waste that can be disposed of each time it is disposed of, without requiring temporary storage of granular waste that is easily scattered and difficult to handle. To obtain a method for disposing of granular waste that can be managed over a long period of suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.) from incinerators and incinerators, incinerated ash, shredder dust, etc. With the goal.

請求項1に記載された発明に係る粉粒状廃棄物の処分法は、上部開口を露呈させて内部の廃棄物からの浸出水の漏出及び外部からの水の侵入を遮蔽するコンクリート製の器状施設内の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程と、
粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた泥状体を前記堰板で区画された領域に投入し固化層を形成する工程と、
前記器状施設の内部の別の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程と、
別の粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた別の泥状体を前記堰板で区画された別の領域に投入し別の固化層を形成する工程と、
別の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程から別の固化層を形成する工程を繰り返し、器状施設内全てに多数の固化層を隣接・積層して形成することを特徴とするものである。
The disposal method of the granular waste according to the invention described in claim 1 is a concrete container shape that exposes the upper opening and shields leakage of leachate from the internal waste and intrusion of water from the outside. A process of partitioning a part of the facility with a dam plate;
A step of adding a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent to the granular waste material into an area partitioned by the barrier plate to form a solidified layer;
Partitioning another partial area inside the vessel facility with a weir plate;
Adding another mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or solidifying agent to another granular waste material into another area partitioned by the weir plate to form another solidified layer;
It is characterized by repeating the process of forming another solidified layer from the process of partitioning another partial area with a dam plate, and forming a number of solidified layers adjacent to each other in the vessel facility. is there.

請求項2に記載された発明に係る粉粒状廃棄物の処分法は、請求項1に記載の器状施設の上部開口位置近傍まで固化層を形成した後、器状施設の上部開口への水を遮断して閉塞するコンクリート製の蓋状施設を一体として建設する工程と、
前記器状施設と蓋状施設とを地中に埋設する工程とを更に備えたことを特徴とするものである。
The disposal method of the granular waste according to the invention described in claim 2 is that the solidified layer is formed up to the vicinity of the upper opening position of the instrumental facility according to claim 1, and then water is supplied to the upper opening of the instrumental facility. Constructing a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks
The method further comprises the step of burying the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground.

請求項3に記載された発明に係る粉粒状廃棄物の処分法は、請求項2に記載の排水施設を建設する工程が、前記器状施設と蓋状施設とが一体として地中に埋設されてなり、前記蓋状施設の周縁に器状施設の上部開口をその外縁側壁上部まで回り込んで覆う垂れ縁を一体形成するものであることを特徴とするものである。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for disposing of the granular waste, wherein the step of constructing the drainage facility according to claim 2 is performed by embedding the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground. Thus, a drooping edge is formed integrally around the periphery of the lid-like facility by covering the upper opening of the vessel-like facility up to the upper portion of the outer edge side wall.

請求項4に記載された発明に係る粉粒状廃棄物の処分法は、請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の屋根施設の建設工程が、上部開口への地表水の侵入を防止する排水施設を建設する工程を含むことを特徴とするものである。   The disposal method of the granular waste according to the invention described in claim 4 is such that the construction process of the roof facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3 prevents surface water from entering the upper opening. It includes a step of constructing a drainage facility.

本発明は、飛散し易く取り扱いの厄介な粉粒状廃棄物の一時貯留を必要とせず、廃棄される毎に処分することができ、金属溶解炉や焼却炉からの浮遊粒子状物質(粉塵、煤塵等)や焼却灰、シュレッダーダスト等の粉粒状廃棄物を長期に亘って管理することが可能であるという効果がある。   The present invention does not require temporary storage of dusty waste that is easy to scatter and is difficult to handle, and can be disposed of every time it is disposed of, and suspended particulate matter (dust, dust) from metal melting furnaces and incinerators. Etc.), incinerated ash, shredder dust and other granular wastes can be managed over a long period of time.

本発明においては、上部開口を露呈させて内部の廃棄物からの浸出水の漏出及び外部からの水の侵入を遮蔽するコンクリート製の器状施設内の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程と、粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた泥状体を堰板で区画された領域に投入し固化層を形成する工程と、器状施設の内部の別の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程と、別の粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた別の泥状体を堰板で区画された別の領域に投入し別の固化層を形成する工程と、別の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程から別の固化層を形成する工程を繰り返し、器状施設内全てに多数の固化層を隣接・積層して形成するため、飛散し易く取り扱いの厄介な粉粒状廃棄物の一時貯留を必要とせず、廃棄される毎に処分することができる。   In the present invention, a step of partitioning a partial area in a concrete vessel facility that exposes the upper opening and shields leakage of leachate from internal waste and intrusion of water from the outside with a weir plate And a step of introducing a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent into the granular waste material into an area partitioned by a dam plate to form a solidified layer; The process of partitioning a part of the area with a dam plate, and another area in which another sludge obtained by mixing moisture and / or solidifying agent with another granular waste is partitioned by the dam plate The process of forming another solidified layer by repeating the process of forming another solidified layer and the process of partitioning another part of the area with a dam plate to form another solidified layer is adjacent to all of the vessel facilities.・ Because it is formed in layers, it does not require temporary storage of powdery waste that is easy to scatter and difficult to handle. It is possible to dispose of.

即ち、本発明においては、器状施設内の一部の領域を堰板で区画してその区画に粉粒状廃棄物を含む泥状体を投入して固化層を形成し、この固化層に隣接・積層させて他の固化層を形成させることにより、粉粒状廃棄物が廃棄される都度毎に固化層が形成される。   That is, in the present invention, a part of the area inside the vessel-like facility is partitioned by a dam plate, and a sludge containing granular waste is put into the partition to form a solidified layer, and adjacent to the solidified layer. -By laminating to form another solidified layer, a solidified layer is formed each time the granular waste is discarded.

隣接・積層させて形成された多数の固化層が器状施設内全体に亘った場合には、好ましくは、器状施設の内部の廃棄物からの浸出水を外部に漏水させることなく、外部から器状施設の内部へ水を侵入させることのないように管理する。好ましい態様としては、器状施設の上部開口位置近傍まで固化層を形成した後、器状施設の上部開口への水を遮断して閉塞するコンクリート製の蓋状施設を一体として建設する工程と、器状施設と蓋状施設とを地中に埋設する工程とを更に備える。   When a large number of solidified layers formed adjacent to each other are spread over the entire facility, it is preferable that the leachate from the waste inside the facility be leaked from the outside without leaking outside. Manage so that water does not enter inside the vessel. As a preferred embodiment, after the solidified layer is formed to the vicinity of the upper opening position of the vessel-like facility, a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks water to the upper opening of the vessel-like facility is integrally constructed; and And a step of burying the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground.

本発明の器状施設は、内部の廃棄物からの浸出水の漏出及び外部からの水の侵入を遮蔽するものであればよく、経年的な強度及び遮蔽効果を達成させるために、コンクリート製とする。また、更なる長期的な強度及び遮蔽効果を達成させるために、好ましくは鉄筋コンクリート製とする。更に、器状施設の内側に更にゴムシート、ビニールシート等の遮水層の形成を施す簡略な遮水工も必要に応じて行うこともできる。   The vessel-like facility of the present invention only needs to shield leakage of leachate from internal waste and intrusion of water from the outside, and in order to achieve aged strength and shielding effect, To do. Further, in order to achieve further long-term strength and shielding effect, it is preferably made of reinforced concrete. Furthermore, a simple water shielding work for forming a water shielding layer such as a rubber sheet or a vinyl sheet on the inside of the vessel-like facility can be performed as necessary.

器状施設の外形は、施設される地形に合わせてどのような形状とすることも可能であるが、堰板による部分的な区画を施すこと等を考慮して、平面形状が矩形の器状とし、内法は直方体形状とする。   The outer shape of the vessel-shaped facility can be any shape according to the terrain to be installed, but the plane shape is rectangular, taking into account the partial division of the barrier plate, etc. The inner method is a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

本発明の堰板は、器状施設内の一部の領域を区画し、その区画内に粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた泥状体を投入して固化層を形成させるものであればよい。従って、泥状体の量に応じた領域を簡便に区画すると共に泥状体の投入によっても漏れなくその区画領域を保持できる強度を有するものであればよい。具体的な堰板の材質には、建築現場で使用される合板製、メタルフォーム、アルミ合金パネル、プラスチックフォームなどで構成される。堰板は固化層が形成された後、必要に応じて取り外すための剥離剤を塗布してもよい。   The dam plate of the present invention divides a part of the area in the vessel-like facility, and puts a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent into the granular waste in the compartment. What is necessary is just to form a solidified layer. Therefore, it is sufficient if the area corresponding to the amount of the mud is easily divided and has a strength capable of holding the divided area without leakage even when the mud is introduced. Specific material of the dam plate is made of plywood, metal foam, aluminum alloy panel, plastic foam, etc. used at the construction site. After the solidified layer is formed on the barrier plate, a release agent for removing it may be applied as necessary.

器状施設内の一部の領域を区画する際には、多量の泥状体の投入した場合には、堰板には相当の荷重がかかるために、一度に形成させる固化層の高さを制限することにより、必要以上に堅牢な堰板を形成する必要がなくなる。区画する領域の広さにもよるが、例えば50cm以下の高さであれば堅牢な堰板は必要とはしない。堰板としては、枠状に組み立てた堰板を作成して枠内に泥状体を投入して固化層を形成させてもよいが、多数の固化層を隣接・積層させ難くなる。このため、器状施設の内壁及び/又は隣接する固化層に隣接するようにL字状又はコ字状に堰板を作成し、区画した堰板がずれたり壊れたりしないように簡略した支保工を仮設してこれを支える。   When partitioning a certain area in a vessel-shaped facility, if a large amount of mud is introduced, a considerable load is applied to the dam plate. By limiting, it is not necessary to form a dam plate that is more robust than necessary. Depending on the size of the area to be partitioned, for example, if the height is 50 cm or less, a robust barrier plate is not necessary. As the dam plate, a dam plate assembled in a frame shape may be created and a solid body may be formed in the frame to form a solidified layer, but it is difficult to adjoin and laminate a large number of solidified layers. For this reason, a dam plate is created in an L-shape or U-shape so as to be adjacent to the inner wall of the vessel-like facility and / or the adjacent solidified layer, and simplified support work so that the partitioned dam plate is not displaced or broken. To support this.

支保工の仮設に際しては、堰板の投入側でない壁面に対向する器状施設の内壁面で突っ張るように配してもよいし、器状施設の長手方向に対向する一方の内壁面で突っ張るには距離がある場合には、短手方向に対向する内壁面に器状施設の強度を向上させるために内部に突設された鉄筋コンクリート柱を利用して、対向する一組のコンクリート柱に板等を渡して突っ張り面としてもよい。また、短手方向に対向する内壁面に複数の溝を器状施設の建設する際に予め形成し、対向する溝に板等を渡して突っ張り面としてもよい。   In the temporary construction of the support, it may be arranged to stretch on the inner wall surface of the instrumental facility facing the wall surface that is not the entrance side of the dam plate, or on one inner wall surface facing the longitudinal direction of the instrumental facility If there is a distance, use a reinforced concrete pillar projecting inside to improve the strength of the vessel-like facility on the inner wall facing in the short-side direction. It is good also as a stretched surface. Alternatively, a plurality of grooves may be formed in advance on the inner wall surface facing in the short direction when a vessel-shaped facility is constructed, and a plate or the like may be passed over the facing grooves to form a stretched surface.

本発明の泥状体としては、粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られたものであり、数時間から数日で固まって固化層を形成するものであればよい。固化剤としては、セメント、焼石膏や水ガラス等が挙げられる。この固化剤は金属ヒュームのように、酸化アルミを主として含む粉粒状廃棄物のように水と混合されると固化する粉粒状廃棄物では必須のものではない。また、水分を含まずに固化剤を加熱溶融するアスファルトや樹脂等としてもよいが、混合する際に泡が形成し易く、加熱に際して粉粒状廃棄物が飛散しないような措置を必要とするため、好ましくはセメントや水ガラス等の固化剤を水と共に混合して泥状体とする。   The mud according to the present invention is obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent with a granular waste, and may be any one that solidifies in a few hours to a few days to form a solidified layer. . Examples of the solidifying agent include cement, calcined gypsum, and water glass. This solidifying agent is not indispensable for granular waste that solidifies when mixed with water, such as granular waste mainly containing aluminum oxide, such as metal fume. In addition, it may be asphalt or resin that heats and melts the solidifying agent without containing moisture, but it is easy to form bubbles when mixing and requires measures to prevent powdered waste from scattering during heating, Preferably, a solidifying agent such as cement or water glass is mixed with water to form a mud.

特に、固化剤をセメントとすると、粉粒状廃棄物の搬送においても利点を有する。即ち、粉粒状廃棄物は容器に密閉された状態で粉粒廃棄物処分設備まで運搬され、設備内又は近傍で固化剤と混合して泥状体とされてもよいが、骨材の代わりに又は骨材の一部として粉粒状廃棄物をコンクリートミキサー車に投入して撹拌しながら処分設備に搬送することにより、遅滞なく固化層を形成することが可能となるだけでなく、搬送する際に密閉された状態でなくとも粉粒状廃棄物の飛散が防止される等の利点を有する。   In particular, when the solidifying agent is cement, there is an advantage also in conveying granular waste. That is, the granular waste is transported to the granular waste disposal facility in a sealed state in a container, and may be mixed with a solidifying agent in or near the facility to form a mud, but instead of the aggregate. In addition, it is possible not only to form a solidified layer without delay by feeding granular waste as a part of aggregate into a concrete mixer truck and transporting it to a disposal facility while stirring. Even if it is not sealed, it has advantages such as prevention of scattering of granular waste.

また、コンクリートミキサー車での搬送は、水と混合されると固化する金属ヒュームのような酸化アルミを主として含む粉粒状廃棄物においても、利用することが可能である。即ち、セメントの代わりに又はセメントの一部を置換して水と混合されると固化する粉粒状廃棄物をコンクリートミキサー車に投入して撹拌しながら処分設備に搬送することにより、同様に、遅滞なく固化層を形成することが可能となるだけでなく、搬送する際に密閉された状態でなくとも粉粒状廃棄物の飛散が防止される等の利点を有する。   Moreover, the conveyance with a concrete mixer truck can be utilized also in the granular waste mainly containing aluminum oxide like a metal fume which solidifies when mixed with water. In other words, instead of cement or by substituting a part of the cement and putting it into the concrete mixer truck, the granular waste that solidifies when mixed with water is put into a concrete mixer truck and transported to the disposal facility. In addition to being able to form a solidified layer, there are advantages such as prevention of scattering of granular waste even if the container is not sealed when transported.

尚、本発明の器状施設自体の強度を向上させるために、器状施設の内側に幾つかの間仕切り壁面を形成してもよく、この間仕切り壁面の形成に際しても、骨材の代わりに又は骨材の一部として粉粒状廃棄物を用い、固化剤として、セメント又はセメントの代わりに又はセメントの一部を置換して水と混合されると固化する粉粒状廃棄物を用いた泥状体を用いても良い。   In addition, in order to improve the strength of the instrumental facility itself of the present invention, some partition wall surfaces may be formed inside the instrumental facility, and this partition wall surface may be formed instead of aggregate or bone. Using a granular waste as a part of the material, as a solidifying agent, a mud using a granular waste that solidifies when mixed with water instead of cement or cement or when a part of the cement is replaced. It may be used.

本発明の蓋状施設としては、器状施設の上部開口への雨水、地下水及び地表水の侵入を遮断して閉塞するものであればよく、経年的な強度及び遮蔽効果を達成させるために、コンクリート製とする。また、更なる長期的な強度及び遮蔽効果を達成させるために、好ましくは鉄筋コンクリート製とする。更に、器状施設と一体とした際に、内側となる下面部分に更にゴムシート、ビニールシート等の遮水層を形成する簡略な遮水工も必要に応じて行うこともできる。   As the lid-like facility of the present invention, it may be anything that blocks and blocks rainwater, groundwater and surface water from entering the upper opening of the vessel-like facility, in order to achieve aged strength and shielding effect, Made of concrete. Further, in order to achieve further long-term strength and shielding effect, it is preferably made of reinforced concrete. Furthermore, when integrated with a vessel-like facility, a simple water-blocking work can be performed as necessary, in which a water-blocking layer such as a rubber sheet or a vinyl sheet is further formed on the lower surface portion on the inside.

蓋状施設は、一体とされる器状施設の外形に合わせて作製される。小規模のものでは、予め器状施設及び蓋状施設を作製し、固化層を隣接・積層させて開口位置近傍まで形成させた後に、蓋状施設をクレーン等で吊って一体とすればよいし、大規模のものでは、器状施設を建設して固化層を隣接・積層させて開口位置近傍まで形成させた後、この上に蓋状施設を建設する工法をとってもよい。   The lid-like facility is produced in accordance with the outer shape of the unit-like facility. For small-scale facilities, a vessel-like facility and a lid-like facility are prepared in advance, and after the solidified layer is formed adjacent to and laminated to the vicinity of the opening position, the lid-like facility may be suspended and integrated with a crane or the like. In the case of a large scale, a construction method may be adopted in which a vessel-like facility is constructed and a solidified layer is formed adjacent to and laminated to the vicinity of the opening position, and then a lid-like facility is constructed thereon.

本発明の蓋状施設としては、特に、蓋状施設の周縁に、前記器状施設の上部開口から外側壁上部まで回り込んで覆う垂れ縁が形成されているものは、雨水、地表水及び地下水の施設内部への侵入を長期にわたって阻止することができる。   As the lid-like facility according to the present invention, in particular, a raindrop, surface water and groundwater are formed on the periphery of the lid-like facility so as to cover and wrap around from the upper opening of the vessel-like facility to the upper part of the outer wall. Can be prevented for a long time.

本発明では、好ましくは内部の廃棄物及びそれから発生する有害物質を含む浸出水の漏出及び外部からの水の侵入を遮蔽するコンクリート製の器状施設と、該器状施設の上部開口からの雨水、地下水或いは地表水等の水の侵入を遮断して閉塞するコンクリート製の蓋状施設とを備えるものであるため、廃棄物を通過する水の内外移動を全て防止する。これにより、廃棄物中の有害物質を含んだ浸出水の外部への漏出を実質的になくすことができ、長期の運営を余儀なくされる水処理施設を不要とすることができる。また、処分設備を埋め立てた後の平地は、特別な処理施設を不要としているため、公園等に利用することも可能である。   In the present invention, preferably, a concrete vessel facility that shields leakage of leachate containing internal waste and harmful substances generated therefrom, and intrusion of water from the outside, and rainwater from the upper opening of the vessel facility Since it has a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks the intrusion of water such as groundwater or surface water, all movement of water passing through waste is prevented. As a result, leakage of leachate containing harmful substances in waste to the outside can be substantially eliminated, and a water treatment facility that must be operated for a long time can be eliminated. In addition, since the land after the disposal facility is reclaimed does not require a special treatment facility, it can be used for a park or the like.

本発明の粉粒状廃棄物の処分法では、金属溶解炉や焼却炉からの浮遊粒子状物質(粉塵、煤塵等)や焼却灰、シュレッダーダストの粉粒状廃棄物であるため、廃棄物の経年的な保管の際に、分解してガスが発生するものではないため、蓋状施設で閉塞した器状施設内部に連通するガス抜き孔は基本的に必要ない。   In the method for disposing of granular waste according to the present invention, since it is a granular waste of floating particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.), incineration ash, and shredder dust from metal melting furnaces and incinerators, During storage, gas is not decomposed and gas is not generated, and therefore there is basically no need for a vent hole communicating with the inside of the vessel facility closed by the lid facility.

本発明の好ましい態様としては、屋根施設の建設工程が、上部開口への地表水の侵入を防止する排水施設を建設する工程を含む。これにより、器状施設の内部に多数の固化層を形成する際には、屋根が器状施設を覆っているため、不要な雨水の浸入を防止することができる。   In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the construction process of the roof facility includes a step of constructing a drainage facility that prevents surface water from entering the upper opening. Thereby, when many solidified layers are formed inside the vessel-shaped facility, since the roof covers the vessel-like facility, unnecessary intrusion of rainwater can be prevented.

また、好ましくは、屋根施設の建設工程としては、上部開口への地表水の侵入を防止する排水施設を建設する工程を含む。このため、廃棄物及び土又は粘土の搬入の際に雨水の浸入を防止することができる。更に、好ましくは、屋根施設の撤去工程を更に追加し、別の器状施設の建設工程に含まれる屋根施設の建設工程と同時に行う。これにより、一つの屋根施設の資材で遅滞なく廃棄物及び土又は粘土の搬入の際に雨水の浸入を防止することができる。   Preferably, the construction process of the roof facility includes a step of constructing a drainage facility that prevents surface water from entering the upper opening. For this reason, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering when carrying waste and soil or clay. Further, preferably, a roof facility removal process is further added, and is performed simultaneously with the roof facility construction process included in the construction process of another instrumental facility. Thereby, it is possible to prevent intrusion of rainwater when carrying waste and soil or clay without delay with a material of one roof facility.

図1は本発明の処分法を行う粉粒廃棄物処分設備の概要を示す説明図である。図2は図1に示した粉粒廃棄物処分設備の平面図である。図3は器状施設の断面図であり、a図は器状施設の建設工程の状態を示す縦断面であり、b図は固化層の形成工程の状態を示す横断面である。図に示す通り、廃棄物処分設備(1) は、鉄筋コンクリート製の器状施設(2) と、この器状施設(2) の上部開口を閉塞する鉄筋コンクリート製の蓋状施設(3) とを備える。   FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a granular waste disposal facility for performing the disposal method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the granular waste disposal facility shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vessel-shaped facility. FIG. 3A is a longitudinal cross-section showing the state of the construction process of the vessel-like facility, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the solidified layer forming step. As shown in the figure, the waste disposal facility (1) includes a reinforced concrete container facility (2) and a reinforced concrete lid facility (3) that closes the upper opening of the container facility (2). .

器状施設(2) 及び蓋状施設(3) は鉄筋コンクリートで形成されているため、地中に埋設されて数十年から百数十年もの長期にわたって内部の廃棄物からの浸出水の漏出及び外部からの地下水及び地表水等の侵入を遮蔽して閉塞状態を保つことが可能である。また、蓋状施設(3) の周縁には、器状施設(2) の上部開口をその外縁側壁上部まで回り込んで覆う垂れ縁(4) が形成されているため、外部からの水の侵入に対して確実な閉塞が可能となる。   Since the vessel-like facility (2) and the lid-like facility (3) are made of reinforced concrete, the leakage of leachate from internal waste and the burial of underground for decades to hundreds of decades It is possible to keep the closed state by blocking the entry of groundwater and surface water from the outside. In addition, a dripping edge (4) is formed on the periphery of the lid-like facility (3) so as to cover the upper opening of the vessel-like facility (2) to the upper part of the outer edge side wall, so that water can enter from outside. As a result, it is possible to perform reliable blockage.

本処分法で用いる廃棄物処分設備(1) 施工手順は次の通りである。
(1) 掘削をする。
(2) 予定通りの掘削の後、転圧をして地盤を固める。
(3) 基礎コンクリート及び基礎躯体コンクリートを打つ(鉄筋コンクリート)。
(4) 四角面の鉄筋コンクリート壁を作る(長方形の器状施設(2) を作る)。
(5) 器状施設(2) の外側を土砂で埋め戻す。
Waste disposal equipment used in this disposal method (1) The construction procedure is as follows.
(1) Excavate.
(2) After excavation as planned, roll the ground to harden the ground.
(3) Pit foundation concrete and foundation concrete (reinforced concrete).
(4) Make a square reinforced concrete wall (make a rectangular vessel (2)).
(5) Refill the outside of the vessel facility (2) with earth and sand.

(6) 器状施設(2) 内に雨水が浸入しないように、破線で示すような鉄骨スレート・鉄板ぶきの屋根施設(5) を建設する。
(7) 器状施設の一端にコンクリートミキサー車(アジテータ)を始めとする運搬車両用に盛り土をして公道までの道を作る。固化層を形成する器状施設には屋根があり、粉粒状廃棄物を含む泥状体の投入の際にも雨水が器状施設(2) には侵入しない。
(6) A steel slate / steel roofing facility (5) as shown by the broken line will be constructed to prevent rainwater from entering the vessel facility (2).
(7) Make a road to the public road by embedding a concrete mixer truck (agitator) and other transport vehicles at one end of the vessel. The vessel-shaped facility that forms a solidified layer has a roof, and rainwater does not enter the vessel-like facility (2) even when mud containing granular waste is introduced.

(8) 以上のように完成した器状施設(2) に粉粒状廃棄物を含む泥状体を投入して固化層を形成する。粉粒状廃棄物は容器に密閉された状態で粉粒廃棄物処分設備(1) まで運搬され、設備内又は近傍で固化剤と混合して泥状体とされてもよいが、水と混合されると直ちに固化する粉粒状廃棄物以外は、骨材の代わりに又は骨材の一部として粉粒状廃棄物をコンクリートミキサー車に投入して撹拌しながら処分設備(1) に搬送してもよい。 (8) Slurry containing granular waste is put into the vessel-like facility (2) completed as described above to form a solidified layer. The granular waste is transported to the granular waste disposal facility (1) in a sealed state in a container and may be mixed with a solidifying agent in or near the facility to form a mud, but it is mixed with water. In addition to the granular waste that solidifies immediately, the granular waste may be put into a concrete mixer truck instead of the aggregate or as part of the aggregate and conveyed to the disposal facility (1) with stirring. .

(9) 図2に示す通り、泥状体を投入する前に器状施設(2a)内部に堰板(7) を用いて泥状体を投入する領域を区画する。堰板(7) としては、器状施設(2) の内壁の一部や隣接する固化層(6) に隣接するようにL字状(又はコ字状)に作成し、区画した堰板がずれたり壊れたりしないように簡略した支保工(8) を仮設してこれを支える。支保工(8) の仮設は、堰板(7) の剥離剤を塗布しない壁面に対向する器状施設(2) の内壁面で突っ張るように配する。その際、支保工(8) は、施設(2) 内部に突設した対向する一組のコンクリート柱(21)に板(80)等を渡して突っ張り面としたり、施設(2) の内壁面を突っ張り面として仮設する。尚、他の例として、器状施設(2b)のように内壁面に複数の溝(2c)を器状施設(2b)の建設する際に予め形成し、対向する溝(2c)に突っ張り面となる板(80)等を渡して突っ張り面としてもよい。 (9) As shown in FIG. 2, before introducing the mud body, the area where the mud body is introduced is defined by using a dam plate (7) inside the vessel-like facility (2a). As the weir plate (7), a sectioned weir plate is created in an L shape (or U shape) so as to be adjacent to a part of the inner wall of the vessel-like facility (2) and the adjacent solidified layer (6). A simple support (8) will be temporarily installed so that it will not slip or break. The temporary construction of the support (8) will be arranged so as to stretch on the inner wall of the vessel-like facility (2) facing the wall of the barrier plate (7) where the release agent is not applied. At that time, the support work (8) can be used as a stretched surface by passing a plate (80) etc. to a pair of opposing concrete columns (21) projecting inside the facility (2), or the inner wall of the facility (2). Is temporarily installed as a tension surface. As another example, a plurality of grooves (2c) are formed in advance on the inner wall surface of the instrumental facility (2b) as in the instrumental facility (2b), and the tensioning surface is formed in the opposing groove (2c). It is also possible to pass a plate (80) or the like to be a stretched surface.

(10)堰板(7) による泥状体の投入領域が形成された後に、前記泥状体を投入し、上面を水平に均して固化・養生する。充分な養生の後に、堰板(7) を取り外して固化層(6) が形成される。得られた固化層(6) に隣接して別の堰板(7) を用いて新たな投入領域を形成することを繰り返して固化層(6) を隣接・積層させて器状施設(2) の開口位置近傍まで形成させる。 (10) After the formation area of the mud is formed by the barrier plate (7), the mud is introduced, and the upper surface is leveled and solidified and cured. After sufficient curing, the weir plate (7) is removed and a solidified layer (6) is formed. Adjacent to the obtained solidified layer (6), another weir plate (7) is used to form a new input region, and the solidified layer (6) is adjacent and laminated to form a vessel-shaped facility (2). To the vicinity of the opening position.

(11)最上層の固化層(6) の上に鉄筋を網目状に張設し、コンクリートを打設して蓋状施設(3) を建設する。尚、蓋状施設(3) の周縁には、器状施設(2) の上部開口をその外縁側壁上部まで回り込んで覆う垂れ縁(4) を形成して、確実な閉塞構造とする。 (11) The rebar is stretched over the top solidified layer (6), and concrete is cast to construct the lid-like facility (3). In addition, a dripping edge (4) is formed on the periphery of the lid-like facility (3) so as to cover the upper opening of the vessel-like facility (2) up to the upper part of the outer edge side wall, thereby providing a reliable closing structure.

(12)尚、泥状体に含まれる粉粒状廃棄物は、金属溶解炉や焼却炉からの浮遊粒子状物質(粉塵、煤塵等)や焼却灰、シュレッダーダストであるため、廃棄物の経年的な保管の際に、分解してガスが発生するものではないが、定期的に器状施設内の状態を観測する必要がある。そのため、側方に各種センサのガイド孔となるガイドパイプ(9) を多数設置する。また、器状施設(2) 内側に、ゴムシート又はビニールシート等の簡略な遮水工を施して、廃棄物が直接コンクリート壁に接面しないようにしてもよい。 (12) The granular waste contained in the sludge is suspended particulate matter (dust, soot, etc.), incineration ash, and shredder dust from metal melting furnaces and incinerators. It is not necessary to decompose and generate gas during safe storage, but it is necessary to observe the state of the vessel facility regularly. Therefore, a large number of guide pipes (9) serving as guide holes for various sensors are installed on the side. In addition, a simple water shielding work such as a rubber sheet or a vinyl sheet may be applied to the inside of the vessel-like facility (2) so that the waste does not directly contact the concrete wall.

(13)蓋状施設(3) の建設の際に、屋根施設(5) の撤去が行われる。この際、撤去作業と共に、別の器状施設(2) の建設を行いつつ、この別の器状施設(2) を覆う屋根施設(5) を建設することにより、一つの屋根施設(5) の資材で遅滞なく雨水の浸入を防止することができる。 (13) During the construction of the lid-like facility (3), the roof facility (5) will be removed. At this time, along with the removal work, while constructing another instrumental facility (2), constructing a roof facility (5) covering this another instrumental facility (2), one roof facility (5) Intrusion of rainwater can be prevented with no delay.

(14)蓋状施設(3) の建設が終了して廃棄物処分設備(1) が完成した後、土砂でこの廃棄物処分設備(1) を埋設する。土砂の厚さは約2〜3m程度とし、埋設された跡地は、図1に示したような公園とすることも可能であるし、農地として使用することも可能である。 (14) After the construction of the lid-like facility (3) is completed and the waste disposal facility (1) is completed, the waste disposal facility (1) is buried with earth and sand. The thickness of earth and sand is about 2 to 3 m, and the buried site can be a park as shown in FIG. 1 or can be used as farmland.

以上説明したように、一般的な管理型処分場では、汚水の処理を埋立が完了してからも10年〜20年の長期にわたり汚水が浸出しなくなるまで行う必要があった。このため、埋立完了後も大きな費用が必要であった。これに対して、本発明の粉粒状廃棄物の処分法では、建設当初には建設費用は大きな費用を必要とするが、埋立完成後の費用は殆ど不要である。また、埋立跡地の利用についても、一般的な管理型処分場に比べて自由度が高い特徴を有する。   As described above, in a general management-type disposal site, it has been necessary to carry out the treatment of sewage until the sewage is not leached for a long period of 10 to 20 years after the completion of landfill. For this reason, a large cost was required even after the completion of landfill. On the other hand, in the method for disposing of granular waste according to the present invention, the construction cost is large at the beginning of construction, but the cost after completion of landfill is almost unnecessary. In addition, the use of the landfill site is characterized by a higher degree of freedom than a general managed disposal site.

本発明の処分法を行う粉粒廃棄物処分設備の概要を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline | summary of the granular waste disposal facility which performs the disposal method of this invention. 図1に示した粉粒廃棄物処分設備の平面図である。It is a top view of the granular waste disposal facility shown in FIG. 器状施設の断面図であり、a図は器状施設の建設工程の状態を示す縦断面であり、b図は固化層の形成工程の状態を示す横断面である。It is sectional drawing of a vessel-shaped facility, a figure is a longitudinal section which shows the state of the construction process of a container-like facility, and b figure is a cross section which shows the state of the formation process of a solidified layer.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

(1) …廃棄物処分設備、
(2) …器状施設、
(2a)…器状施設、
(21)…コンクリート柱、
(2b)…器状施設、
(2c)…溝、
(3) …蓋状施設、
(4) …垂れ縁、
(5) …屋根施設、
(6) …固化層、
(7) …堰板、
(8) …支保工、
(80)…板、
(9) …ガイドパイプ、
(1)… Waste disposal equipment,
(2)… Instrumental facilities,
(2a)… Various facilities,
(21)… Concrete pillar,
(2b)… Instrumental facilities,
(2c) ... Groove,
(3)… Covered facility,
(4) ... Dripping edge,
(5)… Roof facility,
(6)… solidified layer,
(7)… weir plate,
(8)… support work,
(80) ... board,
(9)… Guide pipe,

Claims (4)

上部開口を露呈させて内部の廃棄物からの浸出水の漏出及び外部からの水の侵入を遮蔽するコンクリート製の器状施設内の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程と、
粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた泥状体を前記堰板で区画された領域に投入し固化層を形成する工程と、
前記器状施設の内部の別の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程と、
別の粉粒状廃棄物に水分及び/又は固化剤とを混合して得られた別の泥状体を前記堰板で区画された別の領域に投入し別の固化層を形成する工程と、
別の一部の領域を堰板で区画する工程から別の固化層を形成する工程を繰り返し、器状施設内全てに多数の固化層を隣接・積層して形成することを特徴とする粉粒状廃棄物の処分法。
Demarcating a portion of the area in the concrete facility made of concrete that exposes the upper opening and shields the leakage of leachate from the waste inside and the ingress of water from the outside; and
A step of adding a mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or a solidifying agent to the granular waste material into an area partitioned by the barrier plate to form a solidified layer;
Partitioning another partial area inside the vessel facility with a weir plate;
Adding another mud obtained by mixing moisture and / or solidifying agent to another granular waste material into another area partitioned by the weir plate to form another solidified layer;
The process of forming another solidified layer from the process of partitioning another part of the area with a dam plate, and repeating the process of forming a number of solidified layers adjacent to each other in the vessel facility. Waste disposal law.
前記器状施設の上部開口位置近傍まで固化層を形成した後、器状施設の上部開口への水を遮断して閉塞するコンクリート製の蓋状施設を一体として建設する工程と、
前記器状施設と蓋状施設とを地中に埋設する工程とを更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の粉粒状廃棄物の処分法。
After the solidified layer is formed to the vicinity of the upper opening position of the vessel-like facility, a step of constructing a concrete lid-like facility that blocks and blocks water to the upper opening of the vessel-like facility, and
The disposal method of the granular waste according to claim 1, further comprising a step of burying the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility in the ground.
前記排水施設を建設する工程が、前記器状施設と蓋状施設とが一体として地中に埋設されてなり、前記蓋状施設の周縁に器状施設の上部開口をその外縁側壁上部まで回り込んで覆う垂れ縁を一体形成するものであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の粉粒状廃棄物の処分法。   The step of constructing the drainage facility is such that the vessel-like facility and the lid-like facility are integrally buried in the ground, and the upper opening of the vessel-like facility goes around the periphery of the lid-like facility to the upper part of the outer side wall. 3. The method for disposing of granular waste according to claim 2, wherein a sagging edge covered with is integrally formed. 前記屋根施設の建設工程が、上部開口への地表水の侵入を防止する排水施設を建設する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の粉粒状廃棄物の処分法。   The construction process of the roof facility includes a step of constructing a drainage facility that prevents intrusion of surface water into the upper opening, The particulate waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Disposition law.
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