JP2013046896A - Method for treating waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for treating wastes, capable of rapidly carrying out the treatment of wastes in disaster area by natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, and reducing the period and cost until the restoration.SOLUTION: Wastes are collected at a primary temporary placement site installed in each district; then when the wastes collected at the plurality of primary temporary placement sites are collected at a secondary temporary placement site and subjected to an intermediate treatment, the treatment includes at least one of a utilizable extraction step or a recycle processing step; in the occurrence site of the wastes and the primary temporary placement sites and the secondary temporary placement site, at least one of cleaning, disintegration or crushing, and sieving is carried out to make sizes of resultant individual pieces into ≤50 cm; secondary wastes are subjected to at least one of a utilizable extraction step or a recycle processing step; and in the secondary temporary placement site, re-selection and re-treatment are carried out to reduce the volume and reduce the time, cost and labor necessary for transportation and the like.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for treating waste, particularly waste such as debris generated by natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis.

  Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons not only kill precious human lives, but also damage houses, private facilities, and public facilities, thereby generating large amounts of waste such as debris.

  For this reason, disaster debris, that is, the amount of waste is not limited to quantity, and unlike ordinary waste such as household appliances and furniture, items such as household goods, there are many wood, plastic, metal, concrete, etc. from building debris In addition, because it contains harmful substances such as asbestos used for building materials, etc., and earth and sand, sludge, etc. are mixed, it takes a lot of cost and labor to process in the disaster area Become.

  In addition, as a characteristic of the treatment process of waste generated by natural disasters, waste is generated over a wide area as described above, and the affected area is desired to be removed and treated at an early stage, so it is desired to be within a certain range. Temporary waste storage places must be provided in each region, and when the roads are restored to some extent, these wastes must be further collected in appropriate places and subjected to the necessary treatment.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process of processing waste according to the procedure described above. The primary temporary storage place in FIG. 3 is a temporary waste storage place provided for each region in the above-mentioned predetermined range. When an appropriate amount is accumulated, the primary temporary storage place is aggregated into the secondary temporary storage place and subjected to the required processing. .

  Here, the required processing is a step of appropriately processing after sorting and crushing according to the possibility of recycling and materials. For example, wood scraps can be crushed and used as wood chips as building materials, papermaking raw materials, fuel, charcoal raw materials, composting raw materials, etc., and paper wastes, plastic wastes, fiber wastes can be recycled and dioxins If it is a lump of concrete, it will be crushed to an appropriate size and used as civil engineering construction materials such as roadbed materials, foundations, and backfill materials.

  In addition, if recycling is not possible no matter what method is used, it will be incinerated, landfilled, and carried to a waste disposal site where it has been treated so that contaminants do not leak outside. In addition, heavy machinery crushing etc. are used in processes, such as large split, small split, crushing, and crushing.

  On the other hand, as a matter that cannot be ignored, there is a problem of pollutants. Hazardous substances such as asbestos may be scattered due to the collapse of buildings during earthquakes, etc., especially in the event of a tsunami, seawater naturally flows into the cultivated land, causing damage such as salt damage. Sometimes the throat is transported to land. In particular, it is impossible to deny the possibility that heavy metals are contained in the sludge deposited on the seabed, and if these adhering to the waste are transported from the primary temporary storage site to the secondary temporary storage site, the pollution will be diffused. Can result.

  In any case, a large amount of waste will be collected from the entire area to the primary temporary storage site, and then transported from the primary temporary storage site to the secondary temporary storage site, but the amount of disaster waste is enormous. As a result, reducing the specific volume as much as possible during transportation is an important issue in terms of reduction in required time and cost.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a waste processing method capable of quickly processing waste in a disaster-stricken area such as an earthquake or tsunami and reducing the period and cost until reconstruction.

  This invention is made | formed as a result of examining the waste disposal process earnestly in view of the said subject.

  That is, according to the present invention, the waste is accumulated in a primary temporary storage site installed for each region from the generation site, and then the wastes accumulated in the plurality of primary temporary storage sites are aggregated in a secondary temporary storage site. In the waste processing method for performing the treatment, the waste is subjected to a primary treatment including at least one of washing, crushing or crushing, and sieving at the generation site or the primary temporary storage place, It is a waste processing method characterized by having the process of reducing a specific volume.

  In the present invention, the primary treatment may include at least one of a usable material extraction step and a recycling treatment step in the step of classifying the waste into a combustible material, a non-combustible material, and a specific item. Has a step of separating into a mixture of recyclable wood waste, wood waste, paper waste, fiber waste, waste plastic, and bulky waste. The non-combustible material includes metal waste, debris, concrete lump, concrete litter, asphalt lump. , Asphalt scraps, glass scraps, ceramic scraps, non-combustible oversized garbage, and the specified items include products subject to household appliance recycling, hazardous waste such as asbestos and radioactive materials, earth and sand, and sludge The waste treatment method described above, wherein at least one selected from the above is included.

  Further, the present invention is the above-mentioned waste processing method, characterized in that the primary treatment includes a step of removing deposits, harmful substances, and pollutants containing at least one of earth and sand and a sludge.

  The waste processing method described above, wherein the size of the individual pieces of waste subjected to the primary treatment is 50 cm or less.

  In the present invention, the secondary waste is subjected to at least one of a usable material extraction process or a recycling process, and in the secondary temporary storage site, washing, crushing or crushing, and sieving are performed. The waste disposal method described above, characterized by re-sorting and reprocessing including at least one of them.

  In addition, the present invention provides a gas pipe and a heat generated in the deposit accompanying the deposition of the waste or the secondary waste by installing a ventilation pipe in the primary temporary storage or the secondary temporary storage. The waste disposal method described above is characterized by preventing ignition by discharging to the outside.

  According to the waste processing method according to the present invention, the waste is generated at the generation site or the primary temporary storage site, and includes at least one of the extraction process of the usable material or the recycling process process, and has a certain size or less. Occurred after crushing or crushing and including at least one of the primary temporary storage site, available material extraction process or recycling process, and transporting and collecting the selected secondary waste to the secondary temporary storage site The volume can be reduced by removing available materials at the site or primary temporary storage, and the specific volume of waste can be reduced. As a result, the number of times of transportation to the primary temporary storage site and the secondary temporary storage site can be reduced, and even if the rate of decrease in specific volume is small, the amount of waste is enormous, so the effect can be sufficiently expected.

  Also, in the treatment of debris with toxic waste, earth and sand, and mud, if the debris is washed, crushed or crushed, and sieved, toxic debris such as asbestos and radioactive substances, earth and sand, etc. It is possible to separate the sludge and prevent the spread of contamination. Specific examples of the sieving apparatus include a vibrating sieve, a rotary sieve, and a multiple elliptical rotary plate sieve.

  In the present invention, it is desirable that the size of the waste pieces subjected to the primary treatment is 50 cm or less. However, in the case of fallen trees, pillars and beams of houses, the length is several meters. In loading on the transportation means, since crushing and crushing are not performed, workability is impaired and the specific capacity is large, and the loading amount on the transportation means cannot be increased. However, by making it a certain length, the utility value as wood increases and it is classified as a high-quality recyclable combustible material.

  As the amount of accumulated waste accumulated in the primary temporary storage site and the secondary temporary storage site increases, the specific surface area of the deposited material decreases, and the waste ferments or the metal is oxidized. If this happens, the generated heat will be difficult to dissipate to the outside. In the worst case, ignition may lead to a fire. Therefore, in the present invention, the ventilation pipe shown in FIG. 4 is installed in a state of penetrating through the waste deposit. Thereby, it can suppress that it will be in the above states.

  The flowchart which shows an example of the basic processing method of the waste which concerns on this invention.   The flowchart which showed the processing method of the waste which concerns on this invention for every specific item.   The flowchart which shows the conventional general waste-treatment method.   The figure which shows an example of the vent pipe used for this invention.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a basic waste disposal method according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, in the present invention, the waste in the disaster area accumulated in each area, that is, the waste left in the waste generation site as shown in FIG. The accumulated waste is crushed or crushed, sieved, the specific volume is reduced, and the space factor in the loading platform when loading on trucks, dump trucks, etc. is increased.

  Even in the primary temporary storage shown in FIG. 1, generally, it is desirable to separate and accumulate wood scrap, metal scrap, plastic scrap, earth and sand, and other debris. As long as it is a certain size or larger, the specific volume can be reduced if the size of each piece is 50 cm or less.

  For example, mixed debris mixed with wood scraps, paper scraps, plastic scraps, fiber scraps, etc., is crushed, subdivided and sorted using a heavy machine, and the size of each piece is approximately 50 cm using a biaxial shear crusher. It was found that the specific volume can be reduced by about 63% when the following is used. In other words, by performing such processing at the waste generation site and the primary temporary storage site, if simply calculated, the number of times of transportation to the secondary temporary storage site can be reduced by 63%, and at the time of transportation Carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced, and the required area for the secondary temporary storage area can be reduced by 54%.

  Along with this, the cost of necessary transportation vehicle fuel and the number of man-hours can be reduced as well. And of course, the processing time and man-hours in the secondary temporary storage can be reduced accordingly, and it can be said that the place that contributes to the efficiency of the reconstruction from natural disasters is not small.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, after classification into combustible materials, non-combustible materials, and specific items, the product includes at least one of an extraction process or a recycling process of available materials, and (A) the combustible In order to efficiently treat the waste, it is separated as much as possible into a mixture of recyclable wood waste, wood waste, paper waste, textile waste, waste plastic, and bulky waste. In addition, waste is washed, crushed or crushed, and sieved at the primary temporary storage site to separate and collect hazardous waste such as asbestos and radioactive materials, earth and sand, and sludge at the primary temporary storage site. And the diffusion of harmful substances and pollutants can be suppressed.

  Moreover, FIG. 4 is a figure which shows an example of the vent pipe used for this invention. In the example shown here, through holes are provided at appropriate intervals in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tube. As described above, the gas and heat resulting from the fermentation and oxidation of waste can be dissipated to the outside. As the pipe, a steel pipe, a non-ferrous metal pipe, a ceramic pipe, or a plastic pipe such as vinyl chloride can be used. Furthermore, as a function of this vent pipe, when the deposits are ignited, the water can be extinguished by passing water from the outside.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and does not depart from the gist of the present invention, including various modifications and corrections that can be conceived by those having ordinary knowledge in the field of the present invention. Of course, even if there is a design change in the range, it is included in the present invention.

Claims (6)

  Waste that accumulates waste in a primary temporary storage site installed for each region from the site of occurrence, and then aggregates the waste collected in a plurality of primary temporary storage sites into a secondary temporary storage site and performs a required treatment In the processing method, the specific volume is reduced by subjecting the waste to primary treatment including at least one of washing, crushing or crushing, and sieving at the generation site or the primary temporary storage site. A waste treatment method comprising:   The primary treatment includes at least one of a usable material extraction step and a recycling treatment step in the step of classifying the waste into combustible materials, non-combustible materials, and specific items, and the combustible materials are recyclable. It has a process of separating into wood waste, wood waste, paper waste, fiber waste, waste plastic, and bulky waste. The incombustible material includes metal waste, debris, concrete lump, concrete litter, concrete litter, asphalt lump, asphalt litter, glass It includes at least one kind of waste, ceramic waste, non-combustible bulky waste, and the specific item includes at least one kind selected from household appliance recycling target, hazardous waste, earth and sand, and sludge The waste disposal method according to claim 1.   The waste treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the primary treatment includes a step of removing deposits, harmful substances, and contaminants including at least one of earth and sand and a sludge.   The waste processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the size of the waste pieces subjected to the primary treatment is 50 cm or less.   The secondary waste is subjected to at least one of a usable material extraction step or a recycling treatment step, and includes at least one of washing, crushing or crushing, and sieving in the secondary temporary storage site. 5. The waste processing method according to claim 4, wherein re-sorting and re-processing are performed.   By installing a ventilation pipe at the primary temporary storage site or the secondary temporary storage site, the gas or heat generated inside the sediment is discharged to the outside as the waste or the secondary waste accumulates. The method for treating waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein ignition is prevented.

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