JP2015146818A - バイオマスの加工方法 - Google Patents
バイオマスの加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015146818A JP2015146818A JP2015084732A JP2015084732A JP2015146818A JP 2015146818 A JP2015146818 A JP 2015146818A JP 2015084732 A JP2015084732 A JP 2015084732A JP 2015084732 A JP2015084732 A JP 2015084732A JP 2015146818 A JP2015146818 A JP 2015146818A
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- carboxylic acid
- carbon
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- carbon dioxide
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- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- QENAFDOIABJELJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O QENAFDOIABJELJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(=O)C(O)=C(O)C1=O DGQOCLATAPFASR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlorocobalt Chemical compound Cl[Co](Cl)Cl IEKWPPTXWFKANS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程、並びに処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて変換して、アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物の一つまたは複数を含む産物を産生する工程を含む、アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、又はこれらのいずれかの混合物を作製する方法。
【選択図】図2
Description
様々な炭水化物、例えば、セルロース材料およびリグノセルロース材料、例えば、繊維の形をしたセルロース材料およびリグノセルロース材料が多くの分野で多量に生産、加工、および使用される。多くの場合、このような材料は一度用いられると、廃棄物として捨てられるか、または廃棄材料、例えば、下水、バガス、おがくず、およびストーバーにすぎないと考えられている。
一般的に、本発明は、炭素含有材料、例えば、炭水化物含有材料(例えば、デンプン材料および/またはセルロース材料もしくはリグノセルロース材料)、このような材料を作製する方法、ならびにこれらの材料の構造および/または抵抗性レベルを変えるように、このような材料を加工する方法、ならびに変化した材料から作製された産物に関する。例えば、本明細書に記載の方法の多くは、セルロース材料および/またはリグノセルロース材料、天然の材料と比較して、抵抗性レベルが低く、分子量が低く、官能基化および/または結晶化度のレベルが異なるセルロース材料および/またはリグノセルロース材料を提供することができる。前記方法の多くは、水素、アルコール(例えば、エタノールまたはブタノール)、有機酸(例えば、酢酸および/または乳酸)、炭化水素、副産物(例えば、タンパク質、例えば、単一細胞タンパク質)、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物などの有用な産物を産生するために、(酵素的加水分解の補助あり、または補助なしで)様々な微生物、例えば、一種類または複数の種類のホモ酢酸生成菌またはヘテロ酢酸生成菌が容易に利用することができる材料を提供する。
[本発明1001]
アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物を作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む方法:
炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程;ならびに
処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて変換して、アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物の一つまたは複数を含む産物を産生する工程。
[本発明1002]
変換中に、シンガスが微生物に送達される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
シンガスが、メタノール、水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、およびその混合物からなる群より選択される、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1004]
シンガスがメタノールを含む、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1005]
シンガスが一酸化炭素を含む、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1006]
シンガスが一酸化炭素および水素の混合物を含む、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1007]
石炭および/またはバイオマスをガス化することによって、シンガスが産生される、本発明1002〜1006のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1008]
産物を水素化する工程、または産物を、一酸化炭素などの一つまたは他の還元剤に曝露する工程をさらに含む、前記本発明のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1009]
産物を水素化する工程が、約25バール超の圧力下、触媒の存在下で産物を水素に曝露する工程を含む、本発明1008の方法。
[本発明1010]
石炭および/またはバイオマスのガス化によって産生されたシンガスから水素が産生される、本発明1009の方法。
[本発明1011]
変換する工程が、処理された材料と酵素を接触させる工程を含む、前記本発明のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1012]
アルコールを作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む方法:
炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程;
処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物を含む産物に変換する工程;ならびに
産物を水素化して、アルコールを産生する工程。
[本発明1013]
カルボン酸が酢酸を含む、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1014]
カルボン酸のエステルが酢酸エチルを含む、本発明1012の方法。
[本発明1015]
微生物がホモ酢酸生成菌またはヘテロ酢酸生成菌を含む、本発明1012〜1014のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1016]
アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物を作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む方法:
炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程;
処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて変換して、アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物の一つまたは複数を含む産物を産生する工程;ならびに
発生した任意の二酸化炭素および/または遊離した任意のリグニンを捕獲する工程。
[本発明1017]
二酸化炭素が捕獲され、捕獲された二酸化炭素を隔離する工程をさらに含む、本発明1016の方法。
[本発明1018]
二酸化炭素を隔離する工程が、二酸化炭素を所定の位置に維持することができる地層に、捕獲された二酸化炭素を注入する工程を含む、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1019]
二酸化炭素を隔離する工程が、微生物を用いて二酸化炭素を固定する工程を含む、本発明1017の方法。
[本発明1020]
微生物が二酸化炭素を炭水化物および/または脂質の形で固定する、本発明1019の方法。
[本発明1021]
微生物が二酸化炭素を脂質の形で固定し、脂質をエステルに変換する工程をさらに含む、本発明1019の方法。
炭素含有材料、例えば、バイオマス(例えば、石炭、植物バイオマス、動物バイオマス、および都市廃棄物バイオマス)を(必要であれば)抵抗性レベルが低くなるまで加工して、有用な産物、例えば、有機酸、有機酸の塩、無水物、有機酸のエステル、および燃料、例えば、内燃機関用燃料または燃料電池用の供給材料に変換することができる。大量にあるが、加工しにくいことが多い材料、例えば、例えば、前石炭(pre-coal)もしくは石炭、例えば、泥炭、褐炭、亜瀝青炭、瀝青炭、および無煙炭、オイルサンド、オイルシェール、またはセルロース材料もしくはリグノセルロース材料を容易に用いるシステムおよびプロセスが本明細書において説明される。本明細書に記載のプロセスの多くは、任意の炭素含有材料、例えば、本明細書に記載の任意の炭素含有材料の抵抗性レベルを効果的に減らすことで、供給材料の加工、例えば、バイオプロセス(例えば、本明細書に記載の任意の微生物、例えば、ホモ酢酸生成菌もしくはヘテロ酢酸生成菌、および/または本明細書に記載の任意の酵素を用いたバイオプロセス)、熱処理(例えば、ガス化、クラッキング、もしくは熱分解)、または化学的方法(例えば、酸加水分解もしくは酸化)による加工を容易にすることができる。一般的に、必要に応じて、加工のために、および/または加工後に材料を物理的に処理することができ、多くの場合、サイズ縮小によって物理的に処理することができる。物理的に加工された供給材料は、放射線照射、超音波処理、酸化、熱分解、または水蒸気爆砕などの本明細書に記載の任意の方法の一つまたは複数を用いて処理または加工することができる。様々な処理システムおよび方法は、これらの技術または本明細書もしくは他の場所に記載の他の技術の2つ、3つ、さらには4つを組み合わせて使用することができる。
一般的に、一つもしくは複数の糖単位から完全になる炭水化物である、または一つもしくは複数の糖単位から完全になる炭水化物を含む、あるいは一つもしくは複数の糖単位を含む任意のバイオマス材料を、本明細書に記載の任意の方法によって加工することができ、例えば、バイオマス材料の抵抗性レベルを減らすように加工することができる。例えば、バイオマス材料は、一種類または複数の種類のセルロース材料もしくはリグノセルロース材料またはデンプン材料、例えば、トウモロコシの穀粒、イネの穀粒、または他の食物を含んでもよい。
前石炭または石炭、例えば、泥炭、褐炭、亜瀝青炭、瀝青炭、および無煙炭、オイルサンド、オイルシェールも炭素源として利用することができる。さらに、本明細書に記載の任意の産物、例えば、エタノール、酢酸、または酢酸エチルを作製するために、本明細書に記載の任意のバイオマス材料および本明細書に記載の他の任意の炭素含有材料のブレンドを利用することができる。
場合によっては、方法は、物理的調製、例えば、材料のサイズ縮小、例えば、切断、摩砕、剪断、微粉砕、または切り刻みによる材料のサイズ縮小を含んでもよい。例えば、場合によっては、剪断または細断によって、緩い供給材料(例えば、再生紙、デンプン材料、石炭、またはスイッチグラス)が調製される。例えば、他の場合では、最初に、材料は、本明細書に記載の任意の方法、例えば、放射線照射、超音波処理、酸化、熱分解、または水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数を用いて前処理または加工され、次いで、サイズ縮小されるか、さらにサイズ縮小される。最初に処理、次にサイズ縮小すると、処理された材料の脆性が大きくなり、従って、サイズ縮小がさらに簡単になる傾向があるので有利な場合がある。スクリーンおよび/または磁石を用いて、供給ストリームから、大き過ぎる物体または望ましくない物体、例えば、岩または爪を除去することができる。
ある態様において、加工しようとする材料は、繊維源を剪断することによって得られた繊維を含む繊維材料の形をとる。例えば、剪断は、回転ナイフカッターを用いて行うことができる。
本明細書に記載の任意の方法によって、高密度化された材料を加工することができる。または、本明細書に記載の任意の方法によって加工された材料は全て、後で高密度化することができる。
物理的に調製された材料、または物理的に調製されていない材料を、本明細書に記載の任意の産生プロセスにおいて使用するために処理することができる。処理プロセスは、本明細書に記載の任意のプロセス、例えば、放射線照射、超音波処理、酸化、熱分解、または水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数を含んでもよい。処理方法は、これらの技術の2つ、3つ、4つ、さらには全てを組み合わせて(任意の順番で)使用することができる。
多種多様な供給源に由来する材料を加工して、供給材料から有用な物質を抽出するために、ならびにさらなる加工工程および/またはシーケンスへのインプットとして機能する部分的に分解された有機材料を得るために、一回または複数回の放射線照射加工シーケンスを使用することができる。放射線照射によって、供給材料の分子量および/または結晶化度および/または抵抗性を小さくすることができる。いくつかの態様では、材料に放射線照射するために、原子軌道から電子を放出する材料に蓄積するエネルギーが用いられる。放射線は、1)重い荷電粒子、例えば、α粒子もしくはプロトン、2)電子、例えば、β崩壊もしくは電子線加速器において生じる電子、または3)電磁放射線、例えば、γ線、X線、もしくは紫外線によって供給されてもよい。一つのアプローチでは、放射性物質によって生じる放射線を用いて、供給材料に放射線照射することができる。いくつかの態様では、(1)〜(3)の任意の組み合わせを任意の順番で、または同時に利用することができる。別のアプローチでは、(例えば、電子線エミッターを用いて生じた)電磁放射線を用いて、供給材料に放射線照射することができる。
各種類の放射線は、放射線のエネルギーにより決まる特定の相互作用を介して炭素含有材料をイオン化する。重い荷電粒子は、主に、クーロン散乱を介して物質をイオン化する。さらに、これらの相互作用によって、物質をさらにイオン化し得る高エネルギー電子が発生する。α粒子はヘリウム原子の核と同一であり、様々な放射性核種(radioactive nuclei)、例えば、ビスマス、ポロニウム、アスタチン、ラドン、フランシウム、ラジウム、いくつかのアクチニド、例えば、アクチニウム、トリウム、ウラン、ネプツニウム、キュリウム、カリホルニウム、アメリシウム、およびプルトニウムの同位体のα崩壊によって発生する。
炭水化物、または炭水化物、例えば、セルロース材料、リグノセルロース材料、デンプン材料、もしくはこれらのいずれかと本明細書に記載の他の材料の混合物を含む材料に放射線照射するために、電子より重い粒子を使用することができる。例えば、プロトン、ヘリウム核、アルゴンイオン、ケイ素イオン、ネオンイオン、炭素イオン、リンイオン、酸素イオン、または窒素イオンを利用することができる。いくつかの態様において、電子より重い粒子は(電子より軽い粒子と比較して)多量の鎖の切断を誘導することができる。場合によっては、正に荷電した粒子が、その酸性度により、負に荷電した粒子より多量の鎖の切断を誘導することができる。
電磁放射線の照射が行われる態様では、電磁放射線は、例えば、102eVを超えるエネルギー/光子(電子ボルト)、例えば、103eV、104eV、105eV、106eV、さらには107eVを超えるエネルギー/光子(電子ボルト)を有してもよい。いくつかの態様において、電磁放射線は、104〜107eV、例えば、105〜106eVのエネルギー/光子を有する。電磁放射線は、例えば、1016hz、1017hz、1018hz、1019hz、1020hz、さらには1021hzを超える周波数を有してもよい。いくつかの態様において、電磁放射線は、1018〜1022hz、例えば、1019〜1021hzの周波数を有する。
いくつかの態様において、材料に、少なくとも0.25Mrad、例えば、少なくとも1.0Mrad、少なくとも2.5Mrad、少なくとも5.0Mrad、または少なくとも10.0Mradの線量が与えられるまで、放射線照射(任意の放射線源または放射線源の組み合わせによる)が行われる。いくつかの態様において、材料に、1.0Mrad〜6.0Mrad、例えば、1.5Mrad〜4.0Mradの線量が与えられるまで、放射線照射が行われる。
多種多様な供給源に由来する材料を加工して、供給材料から有用な物質を抽出するために、ならびに(有機材料が用いられた時に)さらなる加工工程および/またはシーケンスへのインプットとして機能する部分的に分解された有機材料を得るために、一回または複数回の超音波処理加工シーケンスを使用することができる。超音波処理によって、材料、例えば、本明細書に記載の任意の材料の一つもしくは複数、例えば、一つもしくは複数の炭水化物供給源、例えば、セルロース材料もしくはリグノセルロース材料またはデンプン材料の分子量および/または結晶化度を小さくすることができる。
において議論されている。
多種多様な供給源に由来する炭素含有材料を加工して、材料から有用な物質を抽出するために、ならびにさらなる加工工程および/またはシーケンスへのインプットとして機能する部分的に分解された有機材料を得るために、一回または複数回の熱分解加工シーケンスを使用することができる。
多種多様な供給源に由来する炭素含有材料を加工して、材料から有用な物質を抽出するために、ならびにさらなる加工工程および/またはシーケンスへのインプットとして機能する部分的に分解されたおよび/または変化した材料を得るために、一回または複数回の酸化加工シーケンスを使用することができる。
この段落のプロセスはいずれも、本明細書に記載のプロセス無く単独で、または本明細書に記載の任意のプロセス:水蒸気爆砕、酸処理(鉱酸、例えば、硫酸、塩酸、および有機酸、例えば、トリフルオロ酢酸を用いた濃酸処理および希酸処理を含む)、塩基処理(例えば、石灰または水酸化ナトリウムを用いた処理)、UV処理、スクリュー押出し処理(例えば、2008年11月18日に出願された米国特許出願第61/073,530号を参照されたい)、溶媒処理(例えば、イオン性液体を用いた処理)、ならびに凍結粉砕(例えば、米国特許出願第61/081,709号を参照されたい)と(任意の順番で)組み合わせて使用することができる。
熱化学的変換プロセスは、高温で炭素含有材料の分子構造を変える工程を含む。具体例には、ガス化、熱分解、改質、部分的な酸化、およびこれらの混合(任意の順番)が含まれる。
代表的なバイオマス供給源は、セルロース、ヘミセルロース、およびリグニンと、さらに少ない量のタンパク質、抽出物、および無機質を含有する。本明細書に記載のように、本明細書に記載の処理プロセスを用いて、任意で、酸加水分解または酵素的加水分解と共に用いて、セルロース画分およびヘミセルロース画分に含まれる複合糖質を発酵性糖に加工することができる。また、本明細書において議論されるように、遊離した糖を、様々な産物、例えば、アルコールまたは有機酸に変換することもできる。得られる産物は、利用される微生物およびバイオプロセスが起こる条件によって決まる。
C6H12O6→3CH3COOH
この反応の炭素収率はほぼ100%の炭素収率であり、得られたアセテートは、開始グルコースの化学エネルギーの約94%を含有する(細胞塊産生を無視する)。化学エネルギー効率は、産物の燃焼熱を供給材料の燃焼熱で割った比を100倍してパーセントに変換したものと定義される。例えば、Roels, J. A., Energetics and Kinetics in Biotechnology, Elsevier Biomedical, 1983の表3.7からの値を取ると、グルコースおよび酢酸の燃焼熱(HHVベース)は、それぞれ、2807KJ/molおよび876kJ/molであるので、この反応の化学エネルギー効率は、(3X876/2807)X100=93.4%である。
(Roels, J. A., Energetics and Kinetics in Biotechnology, Elsevier Biomedical, 1983に記載の値に基づく計算)
多くの態様が説明された。それにもかかわらず、本開示の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変更が加えられ得ることが理解されるだろう。
Claims (21)
- アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物を作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む方法:
炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程;ならびに
処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて変換して、アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物の一つまたは複数を含む産物を産生する工程。 - 変換中に、シンガスが微生物に送達される、請求項1記載の方法。
- シンガスが、メタノール、水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、およびその混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項2記載の方法。
- シンガスがメタノールを含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- シンガスが一酸化炭素を含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- シンガスが一酸化炭素および水素の混合物を含む、請求項2記載の方法。
- 石炭および/またはバイオマスをガス化することによって、シンガスが産生される、請求項2〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 産物を水素化する工程、または産物を、一酸化炭素などの一つまたは他の還元剤に曝露する工程をさらに含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 産物を水素化する工程が、約25バール超の圧力下、触媒の存在下で産物を水素に曝露する工程を含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 石炭および/またはバイオマスのガス化によって産生されたシンガスから水素が産生される、請求項9記載の方法。
- 変換する工程が、処理された材料と酵素を接触させる工程を含む、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- アルコールを作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む方法:
炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程;
処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物を含む産物に変換する工程;ならびに
産物を水素化して、アルコールを産生する工程。 - カルボン酸が酢酸を含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- カルボン酸のエステルが酢酸エチルを含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- 微生物がホモ酢酸生成菌またはヘテロ酢酸生成菌を含む、請求項12〜14のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物を作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む方法:
炭素含有材料を、放射線照射、超音波処理、熱分解、酸化、および水蒸気爆砕の一つまたは複数によって処理する工程;
処理された炭素含有材料の少なくとも一部を、微生物を用いて変換して、アルコール、カルボン酸、カルボン酸の塩、カルボン酸のエステル、またはこれらのいずれかの混合物の一つまたは複数を含む産物を産生する工程;ならびに
発生した任意の二酸化炭素および/または遊離した任意のリグニンを捕獲する工程。 - 二酸化炭素が捕獲され、捕獲された二酸化炭素を隔離する工程をさらに含む、請求項16記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素を隔離する工程が、二酸化炭素を所定の位置に維持することができる地層に、捕獲された二酸化炭素を注入する工程を含む、請求項17記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素を隔離する工程が、微生物を用いて二酸化炭素を固定する工程を含む、請求項17記載の方法。
- 微生物が二酸化炭素を炭水化物および/または脂質の形で固定する、請求項19記載の方法。
- 微生物が二酸化炭素を脂質の形で固定し、脂質をエステルに変換する工程をさらに含む、請求項19記載の方法。
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2011
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2012
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2014
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2015
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2016
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2017
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2018
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JP2006045366A (ja) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-16 | Kaneka Corp | ポリ(3−ヒドロキシブチレート−コ−3−ヒドロキシヘキサノエート)組成物およびその成形体 |
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