JP2014221841A - 選択的α1拮抗薬を含有する眼科製剤 - Google Patents
選択的α1拮抗薬を含有する眼科製剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
減光下での瞳孔散大は、より多くの光を我々の眼に取り入れることを可能にする目的論的適応であることが広く知られている。暗所又は夜間視に対する網膜上の適応に加えて、この適応は、極めて大きな範囲の薄明光状態にわたり、改善された有用な視力を可能にする。極めて小さな瞳孔開口部のみが、例えば明るい日光下で約1mmの瞳孔開口部で生じるような大きな視野と一致することも広く知られている。完全暗黒下における若干の人の約3mm程度の小さな最大散大からその他での約9mm程度の大きな散大に及ぶ範囲の、人々の間に存在する減光下で瞳孔が散大する度合いの劇的な範囲ついては、あまり知られていない。この相違は、個人の遺伝構成の一部である。この点に関して、大きさが約3mmの瞳孔は、減光下で、昼光下での約1mm〜約2mmの瞳孔サイズに相当する十分なさらなる光を提供する。暗状態での瞳孔が約3mmより小さくなると、暗状態の知覚が増加しないことはあまり知られていない。したがって、本発明の実施形態による暗状態での理想的瞳孔サイズは、約3〜約4mmの範囲の瞳孔サイズである。減光下での瞳孔がより大きいと、より多くの外来光が光散乱を増加させることが可能になる。このことが、コントラストを低下させ、視力を低下させ、場合によっては臨床上の利益をほとんど又はまったく有さないグレア及びハロー効果を引き起こすのである。
本発明の薬理学的方法は、一実施形態において、瞳孔の縮小に優先して暗条件下などの弱光下での瞳孔散大を選択的に阻害し、かくして虹彩の散大筋に優先的に影響を及ぼすα1拮抗薬として知られ、調節に責任を持つ毛様筋に対して臨床上実質的に重大な影響を有さない化合物の部類を利用する。この部類の化合物は、高血圧の治療、膀胱の痙攣性収縮の防止、尿流出の改善、及び前立腺膨大の治療に使用されている。
を有する化合物であり、式中、Xは、任意の正に帯電した部分であり、好ましくは、H、Ca、Na、Mg又はアミン、特に好ましくはHであり、Rは、1〜18個の炭素を含むアルキル又は置換されているアルキルであり、ここでこの置換は、好ましくは、OH及びNであり、Rは、好ましくは、
前に示したように、一実施形態による本発明の単純な製剤は、眼に投与するのに適した滅菌水でもよい水性溶媒を含み、前に考察したように、この溶媒中に例えば10%以下の低濃度で溶解されたイミダゾリン、α選択的拮抗薬などの有効薬剤を有する。しかし、本発明の好ましい製剤は、当該技術分野で人工涙製剤と呼ばれる製剤中に溶解した有効薬剤を含む。このような人工涙製剤は、米国特許第5,895,654号、第5,627,611号、及び第5,591,426号、ならびにこれらの特許中で引用又は参照されている特許及び刊行物に開示及び記載されており、そのすべては、参照により本明細書に組み込まれると解釈される。
(1)好ましくは、この溶液の約0.1wt%〜5wt%量のポリビニルピロリドン、
(2)好ましくは、約0.01wt%〜約0.10wt%量の塩化ベンザルコニウム、
(3)好ましくは、この溶液の約0.2wt%〜約1.5wt%量のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、
(4)好ましくは、この溶液の約0.2wt%〜約1.0wt%量のグリセリン、
を含み、ここで、この組成物は等張性を有する水性溶液である。
本発明の製剤は、当業者にとって一般的に周知である方式で投与できる。一実施形態において、製剤は、点眼器を使用して投与される。点眼器は、任意の適切な方式で構成される。例えば、点眼器装置10は、図1に示すように、第1末端16及び第2末端18及び内部表面を有する空洞円筒胴14を有する点眼器部分12を備える。さらに、点眼器12は、本発明の製剤を空洞円筒胴内に吸い込むための吸引力を提供するための手段を備える。例えば、点眼器部分12は、円筒胴14の第1末端16に、液体を円筒胴内に吸い取りかつ押し出すことができるように取り付けた吸引部22を有する吸引装置20を備える。吸引部22は、任意の適切な材料(ゴム材料など)又は眼科製剤と反応しないその他の適切な材料から作製できる。吸引部22は、場合によっては、点眼器部分を、製剤28を保管している容器26に任意の適切な方法で取り付けることを可能にする取り付け部分24を備える。この点に関して、使用後に点眼器部分を容器に取り付け、かくして、製剤を密閉系内に貯蔵することができる。胴14の第1末端16は、製剤を吸い取るための吸引力を提供するための手段を受け入れるように形成される。胴の第2末端18は、一般に、製剤の通過を許容し、かつ、患者の眼に直接製剤の液滴が計量されながら供給されることを可能にする小さな開口部30を有するように形成される。円筒胴14は、好ましくは、比較的小さく約5立方センチメートル未満の製剤を含むように設計され、かつ、望むなら、測定の容易さを見込んで目盛りを付けることができる。
フェントールアミンの5mg/mlガラス瓶を人工涙製剤で希釈して約6.0ccの溶液とした。人工溶液は、点眼剤としての局所点眼により減光下での瞳孔直径を縮小するのに有効な組成物を創り出した。この方法は、眼に対して極めてわずかで一時的な充血を引き起こす、結膜及び強膜の軽い血管を誘発する。
実施例1の組成物は、過剰な生理的食塩水のない湿ったソフトコンタクトレンズに対して1滴として適用され、薬剤は、15分〜2時間の任意期間、好ましくは30分にわたってコンタクトの装着を介して局所的に送達され、コンタクトレンズはその期間後に取り外す。このことは、虹彩散大筋に到達し暗条件下での散大を最小にするのに最も有効な濃度での効率的な1滴の利用を可能にしながら、何らかの全身性吸収及び血管拡張を低減し、結果として、充血を最小にする。これら筋肉の筋肉緊張の喪失は、瞳孔の縮小をもたらす場合があるが、アセチルコリン又はコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤で一般的に見られるピンポイント瞳孔効果による不明瞭を引き起こすのに十分ではない。フェントールアミンは、長期に持続する効果的な化学的交感神経切除を引き起こし、効果的な暗視を維持するのに要求される適用頻度を低減する利点を有する。
Claims (50)
- 血管のαアドレナリン受容体に優先して虹彩のαアドレナリン受容体に選択的に効果を及ぼし、眼充血を最小にしながら減光下での瞳孔直径を最適化する、治療有効量の化合物を含有する眼科製剤。
- 前記化合物は、虹彩の散大平滑筋のαアドレナリン受容体に対して選択的である、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記化合物は、虹彩の散大平滑筋の活動を効果的に低減する、請求項2記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記化合物は、虹彩括約筋の収縮なしに虹彩散大筋の活動を効果的に低減する、請求項3記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記化合物は、α1拮抗薬を含む、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記α1拮抗薬は、α1bアドレナリン受容体に優先してα1aアドレナリン受容体に対して選択的である、請求項5記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記α1拮抗薬は、タムスロシンを含むスルホンアミド類、A−131701、フィデュロキサシン、Ro−70−004、ウラピジル及び5−メチルウラピジルを含むウラシル類、4−オキソスピロベンゾピラン−2,4−ピペリジンを含むピペリジン類、RWJ−38063、RWJ−68141、RWJ−68157、RWJ−69736、Ro−70−004、REC15/2739、SB216469、ウラピジル及び5−メチルウラピジルを含むアリールピペラジン類、SNAP5089及びニグルジピンを含むジヒドロピリジン類、WB4101を含むアミノベンゾジオキサン類、RS17053及びKMD−3213を含むジヒドロインドール類、n−アルキル化サッカリン、ならびにそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項5記載の眼科製剤。
- 経口で投与される、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 局所方式で投与される、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記眼科製剤を収容した点眼器から投与される、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- その上に前記眼科製剤を適用したコンタクトレンズから投与される、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約6mm以下の範囲である、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約3mm〜約5mmの範囲である、請求項12記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約2.75mm〜約4.0mmの範囲である、請求項13記載の眼科製剤。
- 明光下で約2mm以下の瞳孔直径に影響を及ぼさない、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約1mm以上縮小される、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 瞳孔面積が約20%以上縮小される、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 前記化合物は、血管組織の化学調節による血管効果に優先して角膜吸収をさらに促進する、請求項1記載の眼科製剤。
- 瞳孔散大を調節する方法であって、
血管のαアドレナリン受容体に優先して虹彩のαアドレナリン受容体に選択的に効果を及ぼす治療有効量の化合物を含有する製剤を眼に投与すること、及び
眼の散大筋が該製剤の不存在下でより大きな刺激を受ける減光下で、該製剤を眼に一定期間接触させて維持すること、
を含む方法。 - 前記製剤は、約6mm以下の最適化された瞳孔直径を提供するような量で投与される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記最適化された瞳孔直径は、約3mm〜約5mmの範囲である、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記最適化された瞳孔直径が、約2.75mm〜約4mmの範囲である、請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記製剤は、明光下で約2mm以下の瞳孔直径に効果を及ぼさない、請求項19記載の方法。
- 瞳孔直径が瞳孔直径を最適化するために約1mm以上縮小される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 瞳孔面積が瞳孔直径を最適化するために約20%以上縮小される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記製剤は、有害な視覚効果を低減するような量で投与される、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記有害な視覚効果は、知覚された光散乱、低下したコントラスト感度、及び低下した視力の中の少なくとも1つのためである、請求項26記載の方法。
- 前記有害な視覚効果は、不完全な非球面周縁角膜湾曲のためである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記有害な視覚効果は、コマ、二次乱視、球面収差、トリフォイル、クアドラフォイル、及びテトラフォイルからなる群から選択される眼の高次収差のためである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記有害な視覚効果は、角膜の周縁ゾーンによって与えられる未補正円柱矯正のためである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記化合物は、α1a選択的拮抗薬を含む、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記α1a選択的拮抗薬は、タムスロシンを含むスルホンアミド類、A−131701、フィデュロキサシン、Ro−70−004、ウラピジル及び5−メチルウラピジルを含むウラシル類、4−オキソスピロベンゾピラン−2,4−ピペリジンを含むピペリジン類、RWJ−38063、RWJ−68141、RWJ−68157、RWJ−69736、Ro−70−004、REC15/2739、SB216469、ウラピジル及び5−メチルウラピジルを含むアリールピペラジン類、SNAP5089及びニグルジピンを含むジヒドロピリジン類、WB4101を含むアミノベンゾジオキサン類、RS17053及びKMD−3213を含むジヒドロインドール類、n−アルキル化サッカリン、ならびにそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項31記載の方法。
- 血管のαアドレナリン受容体に優先して虹彩のαアドレナリンナリン受容体に選択的に効果を及ぼす製剤に含まれる治療有効量の化合物を投与することを含む眼に製剤を投与する方法であって、
前記化合物は、眼充血を効果的に最小にしながら瞳孔直径を最小にする化合物である、
方法。 - 前記製剤は、血管組織の化学調節による血管効果に優先して角膜吸収をさらに促進する、請求項33記載の方法。
- 前記化学調節は、眼の結膜に対する一時的な遮蔽又は結合を含む、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記化学調節は、血管吸収に対して効果を及ぼすことなく角膜吸収を増加させる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記化学調節は、血管吸収を低下させながら角膜吸収を増加させる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記化学調節は、天然フラボノイド、ビタミンA、ならびに、アエシンを含むハーブエキスを含め、果実及び野菜に由来する毛細血管透過性を低下させる物質からなる群から選択される1種又は複数の物質に対する曝露により生じる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記化学調節は、粘滑剤、ハーブエキス、トチノキエキス、及び粘液含有物質からなる群から選択される1種又は複数の物質の使用により生じる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 眼及び結膜の粘膜に保護層を結合することによって、眼の粘膜を化学刺激物から保護して、眼の苦痛を軽減し、及び/又は充血、灼熱感、刺痛感、又は乾燥を低減する、請求項33記載の方法。
- 眼の毛細血管透過性を低下させること、及び天然フラボノイドを使用して静脈トーンを高めることによって、眼の粘膜を化学刺激物から保護して、眼の苦痛を軽減し、及び/又は充血、灼熱感、刺痛感、又は乾燥を低減する、請求項33記載の方法。
- 前記化学調節は、アゾン、コラーゲン角膜シールド、帯電シクロデキストリン及び硫酸化シクロデキストリンを含むシクロデキストリン、天然接着性ポリマー、ミクロスフェア、キトサン、カプチソル、及びそれらの誘導体からなる群から選択される化学調節剤により生じる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記化学吸収は、リポソーム及びエマルジョン、デンドリマー、ならびにバッキーボールを含むナノ粒子類からなる群から選択される1種又は複数の担体粒子を介して高められる、請求項34記載の方法。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約6mm以下に最適化される、請求項33記載の方法。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約3.0mm〜約5.0mmのサイズに最適化される、請求項44記載の方法。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、約2.75mm〜約4.0mmに最適化される、請求項33記載の方法。
- 前記製剤は、明光下で約2mm以下の瞳孔直径に効果を及ぼさない、請求項33記載の方法。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、瞳孔直径を最適化するために、約1mm以上縮小される、請求項44記載の方法。
- 前記瞳孔直径は、瞳孔面積を約20%縮小することによって最適化される、請求項44記載の方法。
- 前記化合物は、瞳孔直径を最適化するための唯一の有効成分として作用するα1a選択的拮抗薬を含む、請求項33記載の方法。
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JP2012036217A (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
MXPA06014470A (es) | 2007-06-07 |
US20150031705A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
WO2005123093A3 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
EP1755591A2 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
WO2005123093A2 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US8889112B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 |
CA2569468C (en) | 2013-12-31 |
EP1755591A4 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
CA2569468A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
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