JP2014161337A - Device and method for applying carbon dioxide gas to crop cultivated in greenhouse, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and a method for efficiently applying carbon dioxide gas to a leaf part of a cultivated crop in the application of carbon dioxide gas to the crop cultivated in a greenhouse, etc.SOLUTION: In a method, a porous irrigation tube is used as a carbon dioxide gas application tube; a device is installed at a position where carbon dioxide gas can be applied to a cultivated crop by covering the upper part of the carbon dioxide gas application tube with a cover so that the carbon dioxide gas can be applied only to a lower direction or a cross direction; carbon dioxide gas application can be controlled by opening/closing an electromagnetic valve; a period of application time can be reduced with a timer and extra application can be suppressed in a cloudy or rainy weather or from the evening to the night; a carbon dioxide gas concentration of a leaf part of a cultivated crop can be controlled with a carbon dioxide gas concentration meter; the carbon dioxide gas is intensively applied to the leaf part of the cultivated crop by performing all the controls separately or combining them; and the extra carbon dioxide gas that is not used for photosynthesis is suppressed.

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide gas application apparatus that intensively applies carbon dioxide gas to a leaf portion of a cultivated crop and its application method in the application of carbon dioxide gas to a cultivated crop such as a house.

  Carbon dioxide can be applied to the cultivated crops in the house by installing an air pipe near the bottom of the crop and applying carbon dioxide from the air pipe, or by mixing carbon dioxide with fresh air. A method of applying a gas having a carbon dioxide gas concentration from the air supply pipe has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-51-100444

  However, the method of applying only carbon dioxide gas in Patent Document 1 releases carbon dioxide gas from an air pipe installed on a fence in the vicinity of the cultivated crop, and makes the carbon dioxide touch the pores on the back side of the cultivated crop leaf. It is a method of absorbing a considerable amount of carbon dioxide gas into the leaf until it rises up to the skylight, but it is a method of applying carbon dioxide gas without controlling the amount of carbon dioxide applied, and carbon dioxide gas is applied throughout the house Although it is more efficient than the method, there is a problem that if the amount of carbon dioxide is too large, more carbon dioxide than necessary will flow out. Further, the method of applying a proper concentration by mixing with fresh air has a problem that more than the necessary amount of carbon dioxide flows out, and is not an efficient method of applying carbon dioxide. In recent years, a cultivation bed mobile system has been put into practical use that can reduce the number of passages by moving a cultivation bench on which a cultivation bed is placed, and can install more cultivation beds than a fixed type. There was a problem that the method of Patent Document 1 that hinders the movement of the bed cannot be used.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to cultivate not only cultivated crops of straw or cultivated crops fixed on the ground, but also cultivated bed mobile systems in a house or the like. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon dioxide gas application device and its application method that intensively apply carbon dioxide gas to the leaves of crops and suppress the outflow of carbon dioxide gas more than necessary.

  In order to solve the above problems, in the carbon dioxide gas application device of the present invention, the upper part of the carbon dioxide gas application tube is placed in the vertical direction of the pipe or hose suitable for the diameter of the carbon dioxide gas application tube so that the carbon dioxide gas can be applied only in the downward direction or the horizontal direction. Remove the 1/4 to 1/2 of the direction part, the tube cover with the removed part facing downward, the tape cover that covers the upper 3/4 to 1/2 part of the carbon dioxide gas application tube with tape, Cover with a concave sheet cover placed on the top of the carbon dioxide application tube, or a transparent sheet or plate with a width of 30 cm to 100 cm so that the carbon dioxide application tube is in the center, and shield the carbon dioxide flowing out from the top of the carbon dioxide application tube Use a shielding cover, and use a porous irrigation tube made of rubber or vinyl chloride with an outer diameter of 10 to 30 mm as a carbon dioxide gas application tube. Used as a carbon dioxide application tube. Pipes, hoses, and covers can be made of metal, rubber, vinyl chloride, acrylic, polyethylene, or other plastic materials, and sheets and plates can be made of vinyl chloride, acrylic, polyethylene. Transparent plastics such as can be used. The covered carbon dioxide gas application tube is installed in a place where carbon dioxide can be applied to the cultivated crop. There are two methods of flowing carbon dioxide through the cover-attached carbon dioxide gas application tube, one of which is closed from one end and the other from both ends. In addition, the cover can be used as it is as a beam for suspending the carbon dioxide gas application tube with the cover in the air, but it is desirable to install and suspend or place a cocoon so that sunlight is applied to the cultivated crop as much as possible.

  The place where the beams and pillars for installing the covered carbon dioxide application tube are installed is the cultivated crops of straw, the cultivated crops of the fixed cultivated bed, A place that does not hinder movement. The location of the gas suction port of the carbon dioxide concentration meter, which is part of the carbon dioxide gas application device, is the cultivated crop ridge, the fixed cultivation bed, or the cultivation bed that is moved by the cultivation bed mobile system. The upper part or the side part not touching the cultivated crop located at the edge of the ridge or the cultivation bed farthest from the application tube. For example, in the strawberry cultivation bed mobile system, the covered carbon dioxide application tubes are installed in several places near the center of the entire cultivation bed so that the cultivation bed is applied almost uniformly, and the cultivation bed circulates. A gas suction port of a carbon dioxide concentration meter is installed in the lateral part where the cultivation bed on the lateral transfer unit located at the outermost end does not come into contact with the cultivated crop. When the application of carbon dioxide gas is controlled by the illuminance, an illuminometer connected to the carbon dioxide gas application device is installed in a place where the cultivated crop is not shaded.

  To control the carbon dioxide application rate, connect a solenoid valve to the carbon dioxide application tube with the cover, connect the solenoid valve to a pressure regulator with a flow meter connected to a carbon dioxide cylinder or carbon dioxide storage tank, and apply time When controlling the application, the solenoid valve is opened and closed during the time set by the timer.When controlling the application concentration, measure the carbon dioxide concentration with a carbon dioxide concentration meter, and the carbon dioxide concentration falls below the set lower limit concentration. In this case, the control is performed according to the sequence so that the solenoid valve is opened in the event of a failure and the solenoid valve is closed when the set upper limit concentration is exceeded. When controlling the application of carbon dioxide gas by illuminance, measure the illuminance with an illuminometer and open the solenoid valve when it exceeds the set illuminance value, and close the solenoid valve when it falls below the set illuminance value The control is performed by a sequence, and the application amount of carbon dioxide is controlled by combining these timer, carbon dioxide concentration meter, illuminometer and a sequencer or relay as necessary.

  Carbon dioxide gas can be applied only during the time when photosynthesis is active by controlling the application time with a timer, and carbon dioxide gas is applied so that the carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of the cultivated crop is within a certain concentration range by controlling the carbon dioxide concentration with a carbon dioxide concentration meter. By controlling the dose and suppressing the outflow of carbon dioxide more than necessary, by applying carbon dioxide only with a illuminance meter above a certain illuminance value, carbon dioxide can be used in cloudy or rainy weather where it is difficult to carry out photosynthesis or at night from evening By applying each control alone or in combination, an appropriate amount of carbon dioxide required for photosynthesis can be supplied.

  According to the apparatus for applying carbon dioxide gas according to the present invention, in a house or the like, photosynthesis is performed not only on the cultivation crop on the cultivation bed fixed to the straw or the ground, but also on the cultivation crop on the cultivation bed that moves like the cultivation bed mobile system. An appropriate amount of carbon dioxide necessary for the application can be efficiently applied.

Covered carbon dioxide application tube and application equipment for cultivation bed mobile system

  Hereinafter, although the form of this invention is demonstrated based on FIG. 1, this invention is not limited at all by this.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram of a carbon dioxide gas application device and four types of carbon dioxide gas application tubes 1 with a cover in a cultivation bed mobile system, and (a) to (d) of the carbon dioxide gas application tube 1 with a cover are carbon dioxide gas application tubes. The upper part of 2 is covered with a tube cover 3 in (a), a tape cover 4 in (b), a reverse concave cover 5 in (c), and a shielding cover 6 in (d).

  The carbon dioxide gas application tube 1 with a cover is connected to a carbon dioxide gas pipe 7 for sending carbon dioxide gas from both ends. An electromagnetic valve 9 controlled by a sequencer 8 with a timer is connected to the carbon dioxide gas pipe 7, and a flow meter is attached to the tip. It is connected to a carbon dioxide gas cylinder 11 to which the pressure regulator 10 is connected. A carbon dioxide concentration meter 13 with a gas suction port 12 is connected to the sequencer 8 with a timer. In the cultivation bed mobile system, a cultivation bed 17 in which a cultivated crop is planted is placed on a cultivation bed table 16 composed of a vertical transfer unit 14 and a horizontal transfer unit 15 without any gaps. Application of carbon dioxide with a cover at a height position that circulates on the cultivation bed table 16 by the unit 15 and does not contact the apex portion of the cultivated crop grown on the cultivation bed table 16 that does not hinder the movement of the cultivation bed 17 A column on which the tube 1 is placed is installed, a carbon dioxide application tube 1 with a cover is installed in parallel with the cultivation bed 17, and the gas suction port 12 of the carbon dioxide concentration meter 13 is not in contact with the leaves of the cultivation bed 17 which is the outermost side. Install on the side.

  When the carbon dioxide gas concentration meter 13 detects that the carbon dioxide concentration in the gas suction port 12 is below the set lower limit concentration within the time zone determined by the timer, the solenoid valve 9 is opened by the control of the sequencer 8 with the timer, and carbon dioxide gas is generated. When the CO2 gas concentration meter 13 detects that the CO2 gas application amount has exceeded the carbon dioxide absorption amount by photosynthesis due to cloudy or rainy weather, and has exceeded the set upper limit concentration due to cloudy or rainy weather, The solenoid valve 9 is closed by the control. By repeating this opening and closing, the carbon dioxide concentration in the leaf portion of the cultivated crop in a predetermined time zone becomes a certain concentration range, and the outflow of carbon dioxide more than the necessary amount can be suppressed.

  Although omitted in this device, in addition to the timer, by attaching an illuminance meter to the sequencer 8, the carbon dioxide gas is prevented from flowing when the illuminance value is lower than the set illuminance value. It can also be made not to apply.

1 Carbon dioxide gas application tube with cover 2 Carbon dioxide gas application tube 3 Tube cover 4 Tape cover 5 Reverse concave cover 6 Shield cover 7 Carbon dioxide gas pipe 8 Sequencer with timer 9 Solenoid valve 10 Pressure regulator with flow meter 11 Carbon dioxide gas cylinder 12 Gas inlet 13 Carbon dioxide gas concentration meter 14 Vertical transfer unit 15 Horizontal transfer unit 16 Cultivation bed table 17 Cultivation bed

Claims (6)

  Use a porous irrigation tube made of rubber or vinyl chloride as the carbon dioxide gas application tube, and remove 1/4 to 1/2 of the vertical part of the pipe or hose that matches the diameter of the carbon dioxide gas application tube. The tube cover facing the top, the tape cover that covers 3/4 to 1/2 of the upper part of the carbon dioxide gas application tube, the reverse concave cover that is placed on the upper part of the carbon dioxide gas application tube, and the carbon dioxide gas application tube The carbon dioxide gas application tube is covered with a transparent sheet or plate having a width of 30 cm to 100 cm so that the carbon dioxide gas can be applied only downward or laterally with a shielding cover that shields the carbon dioxide gas flowing out from the upper part of the carbon dioxide gas application tube. A covered carbon dioxide gas tube characterized by covering the top.   A solenoid valve that is controlled by a timer, sequencer or relay is connected to a carbon dioxide application tube with a cover installed in a place where carbon dioxide can be applied to cultivated crops. A solenoid valve is connected to a carbon dioxide cylinder or carbon dioxide storage tank. The carbon dioxide gas application tube with cover and the application device according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide gas is connected to a pressure regulator and carbon dioxide gas is applied by opening and closing an electromagnetic valve.   The covered carbon dioxide gas application tube and the application device according to claim 1, wherein the application of the carbon dioxide gas is controlled by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve in a time zone set by a timer.   The gas suction port of the CO2 concentration meter is installed at the end of the paddy or cultivation bed that is the furthest away from the covered carbon dioxide application tube. Installed in a place where the top or side part that is not in contact with the cultivated crop is representative, measure the carbon dioxide concentration with a carbon dioxide concentration meter, open the solenoid valve when the carbon dioxide concentration is below the set lower limit concentration, The carbon dioxide gas application tube with a cover according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein carbon dioxide gas is applied by performing a control for closing the solenoid valve by a sequence when the concentration exceeds a set upper limit concentration. Application equipment.   Install the illuminance meter in a house where the cultivated crops will not be shaded, measure the illuminance with the illuminance meter and open the solenoid valve if it exceeds the set illuminance value, and if it becomes smaller than the set illuminance value, the solenoid valve The carbon dioxide gas application tube with cover and the application device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein carbon dioxide gas is applied by performing a control for closing the valve by a sequence.   Carbon dioxide gas can be applied only during the time when photosynthesis is active by controlling the application time with a timer, and the carbon dioxide gas application rate so that the carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of the cultivated crop is within a certain concentration range by controlling the carbon dioxide concentration with a carbon dioxide concentration meter. Can control the application of carbon dioxide to areas without leaves, and by applying carbon dioxide only at a certain illuminance value or more with an illuminance meter, carbon dioxide is not applied from cloudy, rainy or evening to night The cover according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein application of excess carbon dioxide gas not used for photosynthesis can be suppressed by individually or in combination with each control. Application method using attached carbon dioxide application tube and application device.

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