JP2936428B2 - Method and apparatus for artificially cultivating mushroom logs - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating firewood in cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, and an artificial cultivation apparatus used in the method. is there.

[Conventional technology]

In cultivation of mushroom logs, firewood is obtained by cutting the wood into predetermined dimensions and drying it, then inoculating the wood with, for example, Shiitake fungi. In the house and so on, the plant is trying to maintain the growth of hyphae of the inoculated Shiitake mushrooms while suppressing the growth of various bacteria.

The most important thing in this hodden work is
Do not expose the firewood directly to sunlight and lay it down in a well-ventilated and well-ventilated place.For example, if the temperature rises to 40 ° C or higher, the bacteria in the firewood will die or weaken, delay their growth, and become excessively dry. Then, the growth of the hypha is poor, the ventilation is poor, and if the humidity is too high, the growth of the hypha deteriorates, and the germs easily penetrate, so that sufficient flaking cannot be achieved, which greatly affects the yield.

Therefore, in cultivation farmers, in the natural world such as coppice forests, and in the case of artificial hodging in the house, in the case of artificial hodging in the house, the sodwood is covered with sheets made of various materials, etc. Careful attention is paid to the management of temperature, humidity and ventilation by covering the twigs.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the natural world where coppice forests are used, hodder fields suitable for temporary squatting and bookbinding are generally located away from cultivation farmers, so it is difficult to carry out detailed work and places suitable for shingles Is decreasing year by year.

On the other hand, hodgaku using a house or the like has a drawback in that it requires a large amount of equipment and also requires a place, so that the cost is too high.

In view of the present situation, the present invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for mushroom log cultivation, which can surely cultivate a firewood inoculated with mushrooms with a small cost and a simple operation. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus used for the folding method.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the method of the present invention for producing artificial mushrooms in mushroom log cultivation comprises forming a multi-stage shelf with a plurality of vertical bars and horizontal bars composed of angle materials, and a horizontal top plate having a watering mechanism. And a simple house having a roof provided at an upper part of the top plate and having a slope provided at an upper part of the simple house. A small-sized firewood tree is stacked in layers, and each of the firewood trees is rotatably held in parallel using a spacing material with a triangular cross section. While keeping the humidity at an appropriate level, a plurality of sheet members having different properties are provided depending on the external environment, which are provided vertically from the outer peripheral edge of the top plate and superimposed on the outer peripheral portion of the simple house,
This is characterized in that the firewood is artificially managed while controlling the temperature, ventilation and lighting in the simple house.

In addition, the artificial comminuting device in the mushroom log cultivation, a plurality of vertical bars and horizontal bars made of angle material, a main body having a multi-stage shelf is formed, and a large number of water holes are provided in an upper portion of the main body of the house. A top plate having a sprinkler tube on the back side is provided horizontally, and a roof plate is provided at an upper portion of the top plate so as to be inclined at a predetermined interval, and an inclined end portion of the inclined roof plate is provided. An adjusting damper for sprinkling water using rainwater is interposed between the top plate and one end of the top plate, and the outer periphery of the main body is suspended downward from the outer peripheral edge of the top plate. And a simple house in which a plurality of sheet members having different properties capable of covering the entire circumference are wound up, rolled down and moved in the circumferential direction so as to be overlapped with each other.

The method and apparatus for artificially cultivating mushrooms in the log cultivation according to the present invention is to artificially control humidity, temperature, and ventilation, which are the most important for cultivation, in accordance with the environment. A multi-stage shelf is formed by the vertical and horizontal cross-sections, and a plurality of sheet members having different properties are superimposed and provided on an outer peripheral portion of a house mainly provided with a roof having a watering mechanism on the upper portion of the multi-stage shelf. Using a simple house, using the sprinkling mechanism provided in the simple house to prevent drying of the firewood, and using multiple sheet members to control the temperature, humidity, and ventilation inside the house, and work to make it easier. Is what you do.

The main body of the house is composed of a plurality of vertical bars and horizontal bars made of angle materials, and the depth is preferably about 0.8 to 1.1 m for convenient handling of firewood, but the length is not set It is desirable that it can be freely changed depending on the size of the site, and that it can be easily assembled and disassembled.

The water sprinkling mechanism covers the upper part of the house main body made of an angle material, and provides a large number of water sprinkling holes in a plate member having a size whose peripheral edge protrudes from the shelf, and one or more water sprinkling pipes on the back surface thereof. Is provided horizontally with respect to the shelf, and the roof plate is provided at a predetermined interval above the top plate so as to be inclined, and the base end of the inclined roof plate and one end of the top plate are provided. A damper for rainwater control is interposed between the top plate and the top plate, and it is desirable to form an edge on the periphery of the top plate so that rainwater falls only from the sprinkling hole.

The sheet member arranged on the peripheral side of the house main body is for controlling the temperature, humidity and ventilation inside the house main body, and is a non-breathable transparent sheet member only for heat insulation, and for heat insulation and ventilation. It is desirable to use a sheet member having air permeability for the purpose of controlling humidity and a sheet member having air permeability used for the same purpose and having a light blocking rate of 60% or more. The number is not necessarily limited to three depending on the environment of the place.

In addition, when stacking firewood mainly in a house, a spacing material is used to allow ventilation between the firewood, but the spacing material has a triangular cross section to maintain the spacing. It is possible to easily turn over the wood on the timber.

[Action]

According to the method for artificially cultivating mushrooms in the mushroom cultivation of the present invention, inoculated raw woods are divided into diameter classes and placed in a main house having a multi-stage shelf. Since small trees are slow to dry and small-diameter firewoods are easy to dry, small-diameter firewoods are arranged in the lower row, and the diameter is increased as you go upward to reduce the dryness of the firewood. In addition to uniformity, watering can be uniformly performed when watering firewood.

At this time, the spacers are interposed between the shingles and laminated, but the triangular cross-section of the spacers allows easy rotation of the shingles for upside down. As well as making it easier to physically move the firewood at the same position as it is, in order to promote the survival, elongation, spread, etc. of the inoculated inoculum by applying a physical impact to the firewood. Can be implemented.

Sprinkling water on the firewood to maintain the humidity of the firewood can be either water spraying using rainfall or water spraying directly using a water pipe. In this case, close the damper provided between the roof and the roof, guide the rainwater falling from the roof to the roof, and drop it into the firewood through the sprinkling hole provided on the roof, but in the rainy season, etc. When there is heavy rainfall or when rainwater is unnecessary, open the damper to prevent rainwater from entering the top plate.

If watering by rainwater is not possible, watering can be performed on firewood using a watering pipe provided on the back surface of the top plate.

Control of the temperature, humidity, and ventilation in the simple house is performed using a plurality of sheet members provided so as to be superimposed on the outer peripheral portion of the house main body in accordance with the external environment.For example, when the outside air temperature is low, A non-breathable sheet member is provided to cover the main body of the house, and when the outside air temperature is high and direct sunlight is strong, a sheet member having air permeability and a constant light blocking ratio is provided to form a house. It covers the main body, controls the indoor temperature and ventilation, and controls the indoor temperature and ventilation by using a sheet member with air permeability when the direct sunlight is weak and the outside temperature is relatively high. By using a plurality of sheet members in combination instead of using a single sheet member, indoor conditions can be more effectively controlled.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an apparatus used for an artificial sacking method in mushroom log cultivation of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the simple house 1 constituting the apparatus for cultivating artificial mushrooms in the mushroom log cultivation of the present invention is formed by a plurality of vertical bars 5 and horizontal bars 6 made of angle materials. House 2 with multiple shelves
A top plate 7 having a watering mechanism attached to an upper portion of the house main body 2; a roof plate 3 provided at a predetermined interval above the top plate 7 so as to be inclined; And a plurality of sheet members provided so as to overlap with each other.

The house main body 2 combines a plurality of vertical bars 5 and horizontal bars 6 made of angle materials vertically and horizontally to form a plurality of shelves 2a at predetermined intervals vertically and horizontally and has a frontage (length) of about 2.0. m
× Depth (width) of about 0.8 to 0.9m × Height of about 1.8m to 2.0m. The length of the frontage can be set arbitrarily according to the number of firewood, topography to be installed, work conditions, etc. Although
The depth is set to about 80 to 90 cm so that the firewood with a normal length of about 1 m can be securely placed, and the height is reduced by a worker standing in front of the frontage of the house 2. It is desirable that the distance be about 1.8 to 2.0 m so that various operations for the work can be performed without any trouble.

The top plate 7 having a watering mechanism provided in a horizontal state on the upper part of the house main body 2 covers the upper part of the house main body 2 and has a large number of plate members whose peripheral edge protrudes from the house main body 2. The water sprinkling holes 8 are formed at equal intervals, and an edge portion 7a is protruded upward on four sides thereof, and a water sprinkling pipe 9 provided with a large number of water sprinkling holes is provided at the center of the back surface. A hose 11 having a valve 10 is connected to a base end of the sprinkling pipe 9.

The roof plate 3 is provided above the top plate 7 at a predetermined interval so as to be inclined so as to form a single flow, and is provided between the base end 3 a of the roof plate 3 and one end of the top plate 7. Is provided with a damper 12.

This damper 12 is for letting rainwater that has fallen on the roof plate 3 flow to the top plate 7, and when closed, as shown in FIG. 4, allows the rainwater that has fallen on the roof to escape to the ground. The rainwater flows into the top plate 7 by being in the open state as shown in (1), and the rainwater is sprayed through the water holes 8 provided in the top plate 7 to the firewood to prevent drying of the firewood. It is.

The plurality of sheet members provided to be superimposed on the peripheral side of the house main body 2 have, for example, from the inside to the outside, a transparent sheet member 13 made of a non-permeable synthetic resin and a breathable material formed of a synthetic resin nonwoven fabric or the like. And a net-shaped sheet member 15 having a light-shielding rate of 60% or more obtained by weaving a black or gray synthetic resin tape.
13, 14 and 15, are provided so as to be able to be hung up and down in the vertical direction independently from the outer peripheral edge of the top plate 7 and freely moved in the circumferential direction, and to use each sheet member alone or in combination. This controls the temperature and humidity in the house main body 2 and the ventilation state appropriately.

In the drawing, reference numeral 4 denotes a base provided at the lower end of the vertical bar 5.

The method of artificially slicing a shredded tree using an artificial shredding device comprising the simple house 1 will be described first. About 10cm in diameter), medium diameter wood (about 7-8cm in diameter),
It is divided into small-diameter trees B (approximately 4 to 5 cm in diameter), large-diameter trees A at the top, medium-diameter trees (not shown) at the middle, small-diameter trees B
With the lower row, each in the direction of the depth of the house main body 2,
It is bridged between the front and rear cross rails 6 while maintaining a predetermined interval.

Then, a spacing material X consisting of a triangular prism formed of a synthetic resin as shown in FIG. 3 is placed thereon so as to cross the juxtaposed wood A (or B), that is, of the wood A (or B). Two lines are arranged at right intervals in the direction of the length with a space between them, and firewoods A (or B) are supported in parallel in the same manner, and sequentially using such a space holding material X. By arranging the firewoods, a predetermined number of firewoods are horizontally held in the house main body 2 at predetermined intervals vertically and horizontally.

In addition, since the spacing material X composed of the triangular prism supports the shod by the apex of the triangular cross section, the contact point with the shod is small and can be extremely easily inverted by one-handed operation.

After storing the firewood in the house main body 2, water is sprayed on the firewood according to the external environment, and the temperature, humidity and ventilation inside the house main body 2 are controlled. Sprinkling includes a method using rainwater and a method using water from a well or a tap.

In the case of using rainwater, the rainwater falling on the roof plate 2 is guided into the top plate 7 with the damper 12 opened, and the rain water is dropped on the firewood through the water spray hole 8 formed in the top plate 7. When the watering by rainwater is not performed, the damper 12 is closed to allow the rainwater falling on the roof plate 3 to flow along the slope to the ground.

Also, in a relatively low rainy season or in an environment where the firewood is easy to dry, watering with rainwater alone cannot provide sufficient humidity to the firewood, so the valve 10 is opened, and Water is passed through the sprinkling pipe 9 and sprinkled from the sprinkling pipe 9 to the firewood.

Next, since the temperature, humidity and ventilation inside the house main body 2 are extremely important requirements for the shredding of the firewood, these conditions inside the house main body 2 are adjusted by using sheet members having different properties. Control according to the external environment.

That is, when the outside temperature is low such as in the early spring, etc., the house main body 2 is completely covered by the non-breathable sheet member 13 to keep the room warm, and when the outside temperature rises to some extent and the room becomes easily stuffy. In order to ventilate the room with a sheet member 14 having air permeability, the room is maintained at an appropriate temperature, and when the sunlight in summer is strong, the sheet member 15 having air permeability and a light-shielding property allows the main body 2 to be housed.
To prevent direct sunlight from being exposed to the sunlight, and to keep the interior of the house main body 2 in a condition suitable for the activation by ventilating the room.

In addition, since each of these sheet members can be individually moved up and down and moved to cover the entire circumference, control of the degree of winding and unwinding of the sheet members, and further, the area of the house main body 2 covered by the sheet members The temperature, humidity, and ventilation can be controlled more finely by changing the air conditioner freely, and by using multiple sheet members at the same time, it is possible to more completely control the framing conditions in the main house. .

In addition, since daylighting is also an important requirement for shuffling, it is desirable that the sheet member having at least only air permeability and non-air permeability be a transparent or translucent sheet member.

In addition, the shredded trees that have been shredded to some extent can be further shredded by performing an operation called upside down. This can be done by making a half turn on X.

〔The invention's effect〕

In the method of cultivating artificial mushrooms in the mushroom log cultivation of the present invention, a house-based shelf having multi-stage shelves is stacked using spacing members in order of diameter from top to bottom, and provided on the roof. Watering the firewood using a watering mechanism, maintaining the humidity of the firewood properly, and using multiple sheet members with different properties provided on the outer periphery of the house It is possible to control the temperature, humidity, and ventilation according to the external environment, and it can be shredded without being affected by the environmental conditions of the place where the simple house is installed or the weather conditions of the year. Can be artificially implemented under ideal conditions, and high-quality mushrooms can be efficiently harvested.

On the other hand, the apparatus used for the artificial shredder method in the mushroom log cultivation is provided with a top plate and a roof plate on the upper part of the house main body formed by connecting the vertical bar and the horizontal bar made of angle material vertically and horizontally, and the The outer peripheral part is wound up, a plurality of sheet members with different properties that allow unwinding and movement in the circumferential direction are suspended from the outer peripheral edge of the top plate and provided in a superimposed manner. By opening and closing the damper provided between the top plate and the sloping roof plate, watering with rainwater and watering with water other than rainwater can be freely selected to prevent drying of the uncle, and it was provided in an overlapping manner. By appropriately using a plurality of sheet members, the temperature and humidity inside the house according to the external environment, ventilation and lighting can be planned, and conditions suitable for performing framing can be easily and easily created.
It has a great advantage that labor-saving framing work can be performed with less space throughout the four seasons.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an example of an apparatus used in an artificial sacking method in mushroom cultivation of mushrooms of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, and FIG. FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show the relationship between the top panel, the roof panel and the damper, and FIG. 4 shows the state in which the damper is closed and rainwater flows over the ground; FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the damper is opened and rainwater is introduced into the top plate. 1 ... simple house 2 ... house main body 3 ... roof plate 5 ... vertical bar 6 ... horizontal bar 7 ... top plate 9 ... sprinkling pipe 12 ... damper 13,14,15 ... Seat member

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A multi-stage shelf is formed by a plurality of vertical and horizontal rails made of angle materials, and a horizontal top plate having a watering mechanism and a roof inclined at the top of the top plate are provided at the top. Using the formed simple house, a large diameter firewood is stacked on the upper shelf and a small diameter firewood is stacked on the lower shelf in the simple house. Using a spacing material with a triangular cross section, it is pivotally held in parallel,
A plurality of sheet members having different properties provided while being suspended from the outer peripheral edge of the top plate and superimposed on the outer peripheral portion of the simple house while appropriately maintaining the humidity of each of the firewoods by a watering mechanism provided on the top plate. The method of artificially managing the firewood in the mushroom log, characterized in that the firewood is artificially managed while controlling the temperature, ventilation, and lighting in the simple house. Method. 2. A house main body having a multi-stage shelf is formed by a plurality of vertical bars and horizontal bars made of angle materials, a large number of water spray holes are provided on the upper portion of the house main body, and a water spray pipe is provided on the back surface. The provided top plate is provided horizontally, and a roof plate is provided at an upper portion of the top plate so as to be inclined at a predetermined interval, and between the inclined end of the inclined roof plate and one end of the top plate. A damper for adjustment for watering using rainwater is interposed, and the outer peripheral portion of the main body of the house has a property of being able to hang down from the outer peripheral edge of the top plate to cover the entire circumference of the main house. An artificial comminuting device for mushroom log cultivation, comprising a simple house in which a plurality of different sheet members are rolled up, rolled down and moved in the circumferential direction so as to overlap with each other. 3. The plurality of sheet members include a non-breathable sheet member, a breathable sheet member, and a breathable sheet member having a light blocking rate of 60% or more. The artificial sacking apparatus for mushroom log cultivation according to claim 2.