JP2016093119A - Method and device for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve plant growth by enhancing saccharification with photosynthesis by which carbon dioxide is extracted from water for cultivation of fish and shellfish, and the carbon dioxide is supplied to a plant cultivation chamber and absorbed to plants.SOLUTION: A plant cultivation method comprises the steps of: extracting carbon dioxide from water for cultivation of fish and shellfish; mixing the carbon dioxide with air so as to set a concentration of carbon dioxide to a constant concentration of 3 vol.% or less; and supplying air having carbon dioxide higher than that in atmosphere to a plant cultivation chamber and circulating the air. The concentration of carbon dioxide is measured, and the carbon dioxide extracted from the water for cultivation of fish and shellfish is automatically supplied when the concentration of carbon dioxide is equal to or less than the constant concentration.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for extracting carbon dioxide discharged from fish from the water of a fishery pond and cultivating a plant using the carbon dioxide.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a gas such as nitrogen is blown to the root of a plant. Moreover, about the apparatus which raises the oxygen solubility of seafood culture water efficiently, it is disclosed by patent document 2, for example.

JP 2009-95293 A JP 2013-31413 A

According to the invention described in Patent Document 1, the seedlings of persimmon are those in which cold air is applied to the roots of strawberries by a duct from a blower because of the better growth when the roots are cooled, It is also disclosed to apply a gas suitable for plant growth, such as a nitrogen-rich gas.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the air is about 390ppm (0.039vol% = 2011 value), but this invention is based on the idea of increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air at the place where plants are grown. There is no description.
In addition, Patent Document 2 has no description regarding the treatment of carbon dioxide in fishery product aquaculture water.
Generally, in house cultivation of plants, since the light intensity, temperature, and fertilizer management are appropriate, the growth of the plants is vigorous, but it is known that the carbon dioxide in the air in the house is deficient accordingly. ing.
Therefore, carbon dioxide is also supplied into the house from a carbon dioxide gas cylinder.
The object of the present invention is to bring utility to two industries, fish farming and plant cultivation, by using carbon dioxide extracted from fish-cultured water for house cultivation of plants. .

  The specific contents of the present invention are as follows.

  (1) A step of extracting carbon dioxide from fishery aquaculture water, a step of mixing the carbon dioxide in air to obtain a quantitative concentration of 3% by volume or less, and an air containing more carbon dioxide than the natural value A plant cultivation method comprising automatically supplying and supplying carbon dioxide derived from seafood aquaculture water when the concentration of carbon dioxide is measured and the following is detected: .

  (2) The plant cultivation method according to (1), wherein the carbon dioxide concentration in the air is in the range of 390 ppm to 3000 ppm.

  (3) The plant cultivation method according to (1) or (2), wherein the light intensity in the plant cultivation room is based on a standard summer daylight intensity in the area.

  (4) The plant cultivation method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein green light (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm) is mixed with illumination in the plant cultivation room.

  (5) The plant cultivation method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein a carbon dioxide decomposition device that decomposes and reduces indoor carbon dioxide is disposed in the plant cultivation room.

  (6) The plant cultivation method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein when the plant cultivation room is for hydroponics, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the irrigation water is set to 10 ppm to 100 ppm.

  (7) From a device for extracting carbon dioxide in fish and shellfish aquaculture water, a gas pipe is provided in a gas tank provided in the plant cultivation room, a gas pipe is provided in the plant cultivation room from the gas tank, a nozzle is provided, and carbon dioxide It is possible to release, the automatic opening and closing plug of the gas pipe is automatically controlled by the automatic controller based on the detection value of the carbon dioxide concentration detection device, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation room is maintained in the range of 390 ppm to 3000 ppm Plant cultivation equipment.

  According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

According to the invention described in (1) above, useless carbon dioxide extracted from the water cultivating seafood is used for plant cultivation without being released to the atmosphere. It can be reduced efficiently.
When carbon dioxide is supplied to the plant cultivation room, it can be easily absorbed by the leaves of the plant and can be reduced by light energy to create sugar and promote the growth of the plant. Moreover, even if the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation room is lowered, it is automatically compensated and circulated, so that carbon dioxide can be supplied to the plant without any spots and the plants can grow without spots. .

According to the invention described in (2) above, the carbon dioxide concentration in the air is in the range of 390 ppm to 3000 ppm, and the plant cultivation room is filled. Therefore, even if the plant grows actively, carbon dioxide shortage occurs. It is not easily absorbed by the leaves.
Since the concentration of carbon dioxide contained in ordinary air is about 390 ppm, if it exceeds this level, it will be easily absorbed by plants. However, if the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds 3% by volume, there is a risk that human health may be affected, so caution is required.

  According to the invention described in (3) above, since the light intensity in the plant cultivation room is illuminated with insufficient light intensity based on the standard daylight intensity of summer in the area, photosynthesis of the leaves of the plant is sufficiently performed. In other words, saccharification of carbon dioxide is activated, and plant growth is efficiently promoted.

  According to the invention described in (4) above, green light (wavelength 500-600 nm) is also mixed as illumination in the plant cultivation room, so in a bright state, the green light can enter into the leaves. Photosynthesis in the leaves is also actively performed, saccharification of carbon dioxide is activated, and plant growth is promoted.

  According to the invention described in (5) above, since the carbon dioxide decomposing apparatus is disposed in the plant cultivation room, it is operated as necessary to decompose and reduce carbon dioxide in the room, and to the body. It can be released into the outside air without the effects of air pollution.

  In the invention described in (6) above, the water for hydroponics in hydroponics contains carbon dioxide at a high concentration, and efficient cultivation can be achieved in the cultivation of aquatic plants.

  The invention described in (7) detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation room, and when it falls below a predetermined concentration, automatically compensates and supplies carbon dioxide related to seafood aquaculture water. It is possible to maintain a constant amount of carbon dioxide at all times so that the plant can sufficiently absorb it, and to activate saccharification by photosynthesis in the leaves and promote the growth of the plant.

It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the apparatus which implements the method of this invention. It is the II-II line vertical side view in FIG. It is sectional drawing similar to FIG. 2 which shows Example 2 of the apparatus of this invention.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The plant cultivation room 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a structure and strength that can withstand strong winds and snow, and the roof 2 is made of glass (or may be an elastic synthetic resin plate), and can be sealed and released.
A sliding sunscreen 3 is stretched on the lower surface of the roof 2, and the amount of light incident on the cultivation room can be adjusted by opening and closing the sunscreen 3. The indoor light intensity is based on standard summer daylight and daylight hours in the area where the room is installed.

  A plurality of illumination lamps 4 are arranged at appropriate positions on the lower surface of the sunscreen 3. Green lamps 4A (wavelengths of 500 to 600 nm) that can be individually blinked are mixed with the illuminating lamp 4 that is basically a red lamp, and are arranged in a well-balanced manner. When the light intensity is high, the green lamp 4A reaches the inside of a plant leaf and has a feature that promotes photosynthesis.

  The seafood aquaculture tank 15 outside the plant cultivation room 1 has aquaculture water circulation type, in addition to the carbon dioxide removal device 14 in the aquaculture water, high concentration oxygen water supply means (not shown), a circulation water supply channel, a screen filter And a fluidized bed biofilm treatment apparatus, a protein removal apparatus, fresh water supply means, and the like (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 5629288).

In normal air, about 390ppm of carbon dioxide is contained, but in the plant cultivation room 1, the growth of plants is active, so carbon dioxide is insufficient, and more carbon dioxide than this amount is required. It is said.
That is, any plant can be accommodated by setting the carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation room 1 to the range of 390 ppm to 3000 ppm.

  The amount of carbon dioxide in the water is generally around 0.5 ppm, but a considerable amount of carbon dioxide discharged from the fish is dissolved in the water in the fishery tank 15 depending on the type, size and quantity of the fish. Will be.

  In the seafood aquaculture tank 15 shown in FIG. 1, for example, about 5 ppm of carbon dioxide per 1 kg of water is dissolved. When 100 kg of fish is cultivated in this seafood aquaculture tank 15, 1104 mg of carbon dioxide is released for every 800 mg of oxygen consumed per kg of fish.

  This leads to a shortage of dissolved oxygen in the water. For this reason, the aquaculture tank 15 is provided with an aeration type carbon dioxide removal device 14 to remove carbon dioxide from the fish culture water for purification. In the present invention, carbon dioxide extracted thereby is used for plant cultivation.

In FIG. 1, a carbon dioxide tank 11 is disposed outside the 100 m ² plant cultivation room 1, and a gas pipe 13 connected to a carbon dioxide removing device 14 in the fishery culture tank 15 is connected via a valve 13A. Connected to the carbon dioxide tank 11.
A gas pipe 5 is horizontally provided at a height of about 2 m inside the plant cultivation room 1, and a plurality of nozzles 6 are opened downward from the gas pipe 5.

  The base end of the gas pipe 5 is connected to the blower 7, and when the automatic opening / closing valve 8 is closed, the indoor air is circulated by the blower 7, and the whole plant is circulated so that carbon dioxide is not spotted by circulating the air. Can be supplied to.

  The intake pipe 7A of the blower 7 is connected to a temperature controller (not shown) so as to suck both cold air and warm air, and can be switched. The blower 7 blows cold air in the summer and warm air in the winter. The room temperature can be adjusted.

The blower 7 is connected to a carbon dioxide tank 11 provided outside via a gas pipe 12, and an automatic opening / closing valve 8 is disposed in the middle of the blower 7, and is controlled by the automatic controller 9 from the gas pipe 12. It sucks carbon dioxide and automatically sends it out to the cultivation room for circulation.
The automatic open / close valve 8 is connected to an automatic controller 9 that controls opening / closing according to the gas concentration detection value of the gas sensor 10.

  In the plant cultivation room 1, the amount of carbon dioxide in the indoor air was measured as cultivating tomatoes. As a result, the amount of carbon dioxide was 389 ppm, which was slightly less than normal.

Planting was done in half large tomatoes and cherry tomatoes, and 9 seedlings per 1 m ² were planted, and the room temperature was controlled between 20 ° C. and 25 ° C. during the day and 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. during the night.
The humidity was 65% to 85%. The luminosity was based on the standard sunshine intensity on a summer day, and the lamps 4 and 4A were used to compensate for the lack of luminosity.

When the height of the seedling exceeded 20 cm, the valve 12A of the gas pipe 12 was opened, the blower 7 was operated, and air containing carbon dioxide was ejected from the nozzle 6.
When the gas sensor 10 was observed after 2 hours, the carbon dioxide concentration was 450 ppm, so this was maintained during the day.

One week later, flower clusters were observed, and the concentration of carbon dioxide was increased to 500 ppm and maintained. Apparently, no “flower jumping phenomenon” was observed, and it was confirmed that the high concentration of carbon dioxide did not cause stress in tomatoes. The thickness of the leaf was recognized, and it was visually recognized that the color of the leaf was dark green.

  Two weeks after planting, the height exceeded 150 cm, the flower bunches reached 5 tiers, and the number of fruits was conspicuous. Moreover, it was confirmed that the size of the leaf was larger than that of the normal leaf. This is thought to be due to the activation of photosynthesis and the function replenishment action corresponding to it. We examined the necessity of increasing the carbon dioxide concentration, but for the time being we decided to maintain the current situation.

At this time, it was recognized that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation room 1 was 421 ppm after the resupply of carbon dioxide was stopped for 5 hours, and decreased. This is considered to be an average consumption of about 16 ppm of carbon dioxide per hour.
However, the degree of absorption by the moisture of the cultivated soil has not been confirmed.

  Four weeks after planting, the height exceeded 2 m, and 4 to 5 fruits were observed on each of the five steps. The size of the five fruits was also the same size as the others with the same grains. Some of them had fruit on the sixth stage.

On the 55th day after planting, most fruits turned red and were harvestable. Some of the cherry tomatoes were still flowering, and it was confirmed that the growth was thriving.
Therefore, we decided to harvest the fruits that can be harvested.
As for harvest and fruit size, an increase of 220 g on average for large tomatoes and an average of about 12.3% were observed. The average size of cherry tomatoes was 32g per fruit.

  As for the amount, an increase of about 14.2% was observed with respect to the average amount of large tomatoes. About 17.6% increase was observed in cherry tomatoes. The sugar content was generally around 4 degrees for large tomatoes, showing an average of 5.3 degrees, and mini tomatoes showing an average of 8.7 degrees.

From this result, it was recognized that when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air in the plant cultivation room 1 is maintained at around 500 ppm, the tomato has a promising effect. As other plants, it can be used for all common house cultivars.
However, in the cultivation in the cultivation room, soil, fertilizer, moisture, light intensity, and temperature are greatly affected, so that total management is necessary.

  If the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air generally exceeds 30000 ppm, it is said that people will also have difficulty breathing, and there is no need to use such a large amount, but for example, measures against mold and moss in the cultivation room In some cases, it is also necessary to use a high concentration of carbon dioxide. In that case, it is not limited to about 3000 ppm but is used at a high concentration.

  When carbon dioxide is used at a high concentration, it is not preferable to dissipate it to the outside air after the end because it is not preferable from the viewpoint of air pollution. Let it be released as a thing.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing a plant cultivation room of Example 2 of the present invention. The same members as those of the previous example are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
This Example 2 is intended for hydroponics, and increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in hydroponic water.

  Generally, the concentration of carbon dioxide in water is around 0.5 ppm, and some tap water contains 0.6 ppm. There are two types of hydroponics, for example, a method of cultivating a tomato root by immersing it in water and a method of cultivating aquatic plants in water.

It is cultivation of aquatic plants that increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in water and is highly effective.
In the case of tomatoes and the like, the concentration of carbon dioxide can be increased both in the air and in water.

  Examples of aquatic plants include ornamental lysia, large pearl grass, green rotara, needle leaf, rotaline deca, and edible plants such as spirulina, seaweed, and other algae.

Here, a 1 m ³ water tank containing Riccia fluitans for viewing was placed in the corner of the factory in FIG. 3 and cultivated.
As the irrigation water, tap water was used, and a goldfish breeding filtration device (not shown) was used and supplied from the nozzle 6 in FIG. 3 with a pipe connected to the suction port of the filtration device.

  Tap water is generally neutral, but weakly acidic water is more suitable for growing aquatic plants. In addition, when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, water is weakly acidified, which promotes the growth of aquatic plants in terms of water quality.

Carbon dioxide was released and dissolved in the water in the aquarium, and this was maintained when the concentration of carbon dioxide reached 15 ppm.
As the fertilizer, a general hydroponics aqueous fertilizer was used, and the water temperature was set to 25 ° C.

  We decided to cultivate 50 Lithia plants with a diameter of about 3cm, floating on the surface of the water. For appreciation, it is fixed to the bottom soil of the aquarium by covering it with a net or the like. However, in cultivation, a floating state that can grow freely without restriction is preferable.

In the second week, each Lisia stretched all branches, spread to the surface like a green carpet, and countless sparkling bubbles were observed between the leaves.
In Licia, bubbles that shine like this gem have become popular. The leaves were thicker and the green color was darker, indicating that photosynthesis was active.

  In the 4th week, the branches of Lithia's frond were conspicuous, and the size of the foliage was almost four times larger than the original one, and the frond was intricately entangled in water to form a three-dimensional complex group. The length of the frond body was 1 cm to 5 cm, the leaf width was more than 1 mm, and the thickness was 0.2 mm.

The pH of hydroponic water is 6.3 and the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide is about 13.2 ppm with the supply stopped for 5 hours, indicating that 0.36 ppm of carbon dioxide was consumed per hour. This consumption includes the emission of carbon dioxide into the air.
In addition, aquatic plants breathe at night and grow with photo-synthesized nutrients and fertilizers.

  In the 8th week, the branches of Lithia's frond were vigorous, and the branches spread across the surface of the aquarium. The three-dimensional spread of the fronds down to 10 cm. If left untreated, the translucency deteriorates and the color of the leaves fades or some parts die out, making it unsuitable for the product.

  In this experiment, it was confirmed that the use of carbon dioxide is effective for hydroponic cultivation of Lisia. In addition, for the cultivation of lysia, it is preferable that the water depth is about 15 cm, light is reflected from the bottom surface, and photosynthesis is also promoted to the lower leaves.

  In this case, when the water tanks are stacked in a shelf shape, the cultivation rate per site area is improved. Plant growth changes depending on various conditions such as light intensity, temperature, fertilizer, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to set conditions suitable for the variety.

The concentration of carbon dioxide in water is generally about 0.6 ppm, and if it exceeds 30 ppm, it becomes difficult for the plant to breathe and damage occurs.
However, when useless moss is generated in the hydroponic cultivation room, as a countermeasure, weak acidic water with an acidic carbon dioxide concentration of 30 ppm or more is circulated to Let it be removed.

  According to the present invention, in order to prevent the increase in carbonic acid derived from seafood in the aquaculture water, the carbon dioxide is extracted and supplied to the plant cultivation room, It can be used for two different industries, accelerating growth and aquaculture and plant cultivation.

Plant cultivation room 2. roof Day curtain 4. Illumination lamp 4A. 4. Green illumination light 5. Gas pipe Nozzle 7. Blower 7A. Intake pipe 8. Automatic opening / closing valve9. Automatic controller
Ten. Gas concentration sensor
11． Carbon dioxide tank
12, 13. Gas pipe
12A, 13A. valve
14. Carbon dioxide removal equipment
15． Seafood tank

Claims (7)

A step of extracting carbon dioxide from the aquaculture water, a step of mixing the carbon dioxide in the air to a constant concentration of 3% by volume or less, and an air containing more carbon dioxide than its natural value The process of supplying and circulating to the cultivation room, and measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide, and when detecting a concentration below a certain level, automatically supplementing and supplying carbon dioxide derived from seafood aquaculture water Plant cultivation method. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is in the range of 390ppm to 3000ppm. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light intensity in the plant cultivation room is based on a standard summer daylight intensity in the area. 4. The plant cultivation method according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein green light (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm) is mixed with illumination in the plant cultivation room. The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a carbon dioxide decomposition device for decomposing and reducing indoor carbon dioxide is disposed in the plant cultivation room. The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the plant cultivation room is for hydroponics, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the irrigation water is set to 10 ppm to 100 ppm. From a device that extracts carbon dioxide in seafood aquaculture water, a gas pipe is provided in the gas tank provided in the plant cultivation room, a gas pipe is provided in the plant cultivation room from the gas tank, and a nozzle is provided to enable the release of carbon dioxide. The automatic opening / closing plug of the gas pipe is automatically controlled by the automatic controller based on the detection value of the gas concentration detector, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation room is maintained in the range of 390ppm to 3000ppm. A plant cultivation device.

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