JP2014105333A - 直接的蒸気噴射によるポリエステルラテックス乳化処理調製物 - Google Patents
直接的蒸気噴射によるポリエステルラテックス乳化処理調製物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014105333A JP2014105333A JP2013236515A JP2013236515A JP2014105333A JP 2014105333 A JP2014105333 A JP 2014105333A JP 2013236515 A JP2013236515 A JP 2013236515A JP 2013236515 A JP2013236515 A JP 2013236515A JP 2014105333 A JP2014105333 A JP 2014105333A
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- resin
- emulsion
- latex
- resin composition
- toner
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 title description 2
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
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- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CN(C)C AISMNBXOJRHCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
- G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
- G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
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Abstract
【解決手段】樹脂を有機溶媒及び任意で中和剤と接触させ樹脂組成を形成と;機械的撹拌を含まないで蒸気又は加熱した水蒸気を樹脂組成物と接触させ、せん断及び混合を起こさせてラテックスエマルジョンを調製する。
【選択図】なし
Description
樹脂組成物は、1つまたは複数の樹脂を含んでよい。樹脂組成物中の樹脂の総量は、樹脂組成物の1重量%から99重量%(10重量%から95重量%、または20重量%から90重量%等)であってよい。
任意の適切な有機溶媒が、樹脂組成物中の樹脂と接触して、樹脂組成物中の樹脂の溶解を促進してよい。本明細書中で開示される方法に適した有機溶媒として、アルコール類(メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール等)ならびに高次ホモログおよびポリオール類(エチレングリコール、グリセロール、ソルビトール等);ケトン類(アセトン、2−ブタノン、2−ペンタノン、3−ペンタノン、エチルイソプロピルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン等);アミド類(ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチルピロリドン、1,2−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジノン等);ニトリル類(アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリル、イソブチロニトリル、バレロニトリル、ベンゾニトリル等);エーテル類(ジtertブチルエーテル、ジメトキシエタン、2−メトキシエチルエーテル、1,4−ジオキサン、テトラヒドロピラン、モルホリン等);スルホン類(メチルサルフォニルメタン、スルホラン等);スルホキシド類(ジメチルスルホキシド等);リンアミド類(ヘキサメチルホスホルアミド等);ベンゼンおよびベンゼン誘導体;エステル類、アミン類ならびにこれらの組合せが挙げられ、その量は例えば1wt%から99wt%、20wt%から80wt%、または20wt%から50wt%である。
中和剤が、樹脂組成物中の樹脂と接触して、例えば、樹脂中の酸基を中和してよい。中和剤は、固体として、または水溶液中で、樹脂と接触してよい。本明細書中の中和剤は、「塩基性中和剤」を指すこともある。任意の適切な塩基性中和剤が、本開示に従って用いられてよい。
前述のように、界面活性剤が、ラテックスエマルジョンを形成するのに用いられる樹脂組成物の形成の前に、樹脂と接触してよい。1つ、または2つ以上の界面活性剤が用いられてよい。界面活性剤は、イオン性界面活性剤および非イオン性界面活性剤から選択されてよい。トナーを形成する際に用いられる樹脂を形成するためのラテックスは、界面活性剤または共活性剤を含む水性相において、必要に応じて窒素等の不活性ガス下で、調製されてよい。ラテックス分散系を形成するために樹脂と共に用いられる界面活性剤は、固体の0.01重量%から15重量%(固体の0.1重量%から10重量%等)の量のイオン性界面活性剤または非イオン性界面活性剤であってよい。
従来のPIE方法は、液相水を樹脂組成物内に加え、機械的撹拌を用いて乳化プロセスを引き起こすものである。液相水の代わりに、または液相水に加えて、本明細書中で開示される方法は、蒸気または気相水を用いて乳化プロセスを引き起こす。
サンプル1:10g アモルファス樹脂1(Mw=44120、Tg開始点=56.8℃)を、20g MEKおよび2g IPA溶媒混合液中に室温で撹拌しながら溶解した。
3.48gのサンプル1を10mlのガラスバイアル内に移してから、0.025gの10wt% 水酸化アンモニウムを加えた。ガラスバイアルの内容物を完全に混合し、撹拌しながら脱イオン水(DIW)を滴下して加えることによって乳化させた。得られたエマルジョンは、図3において示されるように、135.2nmの平均粒子サイズを有した。
2.69gのサンプル2を10mlのガラスバイアルに移してから、0.041gの10wt% 水酸化アンモニウムを加えた。ガラスバイアルの内容物を完全に混合し、撹拌しながらDIWを滴下して加えることによって乳化させた。得られたエマルジョンは、図4において示されるように、157.9nmの平均粒子サイズを有した。
6.48gのサンプル1を50mlのエルレンマイヤーフラスコ(「反応器」)内に移してから、0.07gの10wt% 水酸化アンモニウムを加えた。DIWを蒸気発生器チャンバ内にロードし、沸騰させて必要な蒸気を発生させた。続いて蒸気を、銅管を通して1バールの反応器内に噴射した。乳化が噴射開口部の周りですぐに局所的に始まると同時に、急速かつ自然発生的に反応器の隅々まで広がった。完全に乳化するまでの全プロセス(視覚化することによる)は5分続いた。得られたエマルジョンは、103.6nmの平均粒子サイズを有する(図5参照)。表1におけるゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC)分析により、実施例1と比較例1との間で分子量の有意差はなかったことが示される。従って、実施例1に用いた方法は、元の樹脂を悪化させなかった。
5.38gの前述のサンプル1を50mlのエルレンマイヤーフラスコ(「反応器」)内に移してから、0.07gの10wt% 水酸化アンモニウムを加えた。DIWを蒸気発生器チャンバ内にロードし、沸騰させて必要な蒸気を発生させた。続いて蒸気を、銅管を通して1バールの反応器内に噴射した。乳化が噴射開口部の周りですぐに局所的に始まり、急速かつ自然発生的に反応器の隅々まで広がった。完全に乳化するまでの全プロセス(視覚化することによる)は5分続いた。得られたエマルジョンは、259.8nmおよび137nmの小さい二山の平均粒子サイズ(図6参照)を有していた。表1におけるゲル透過クロマトグラフィー(GPC)分析により、実施例2と比較例2との間で分子量の有意差はなかったことが示される。従って、実施例2の調製に用いた方法は、元の樹脂を悪化させなかった。
Claims (10)
- ラテックスまたはエマルジョンを調製する方法であって:
樹脂を有機溶媒および任意で中和剤と接触させて、樹脂組成物を形成することと;
蒸気を樹脂組成物に導入してラテックスまたはエマルジョンを形成することと、を含む方法。 - 機械的撹拌を含まない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 中和率が25%から500%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 樹脂は、ポリエステル、ポリアクリレート、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリアミド、ポリイミドおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶媒は、蒸気を導入するとすぐに、自然発生的に蒸発する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- トナーを形成する方法であって:
樹脂を有機溶媒および任意で中和剤と接触させて、樹脂組成物を形成することと;
蒸気を樹脂組成物に導入してラテックスまたはエマルジョンを形成することと;
ラテックスまたはエマルジョン、任意で着色剤、および任意でワックスを含むプレトナー混合物から粒子を凝集することと;
凝集粒子を合体してトナー粒子を形成することと、を含む方法。 - 機械的撹拌を含まない、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 樹脂は、ポリエステル、ポリアクリレート、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリアミド、ポリイミドおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 溶媒は、蒸気を導入するとすぐに、自然発生的に蒸発する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ラテックスまたはエマルジョンを調製するための装置であって:
蒸気発生器と;
任意でジャケットを有する、反応器と;
噴射ノズルと;
任意で真空蒸留システムと;
任意で機械攪拌器と、を備える装置。
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US13/686,374 | 2012-11-27 | ||
US13/686,374 US8932792B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Preparation of polyester latex emulsification by direct steam injection |
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JP2014105333A5 JP2014105333A5 (ja) | 2016-12-28 |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2014173089A (ja) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-22 | Xerox Corp | 相浸入乳化法および装置 |
JP2016089158A (ja) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-23 | ゼロックス コーポレイションXerox Corporation | 転相乳化によってハイブリッドラテックスを製造する方法 |
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US9283534B2 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2016-03-15 | Xerox Corporation | Steam injection nozzle for emulsification/distillation |
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CA2832617A1 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
JP6109047B2 (ja) | 2017-04-05 |
US8932792B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
US20140147786A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
BR102013029325A2 (pt) | 2014-09-23 |
CA2832617C (en) | 2016-07-19 |
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