JP2013544479A - 量子鍵配送 - Google Patents
量子鍵配送 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0838—Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0855—Quantum cryptography involving additional nodes, e.g. quantum relays, repeaters, intermediate nodes or remote nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0891—Revocation or update of secret information, e.g. encryption key update or rekeying
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Abstract
Description
(i)最初の100ビットが一定値である
(ii)ビットストリーム中に、200ビットを超える一定値を含むシーケンスが存在する。
Claims (20)
- 量子鍵配送の方法であって、量子交換ステップと、その後の鍵合意ステップとを備え、量子交換ステップでは、第1の量子ノードおよび第2の量子ノードが第1の量子リンク上で量子信号を交換し、第1の量子ノードが制御ノードと、制御ノードが量子交換ステップで交換された量子信号に関する情報を有するように通信し、制御ノードが鍵合意ステップで第1の量子ノードに取って代わり、方法は、量子信号の形で交換されたビットと、鍵合意ステップで使用された、または使用されることになるビット数との比に対応するビット損失係数を決定するステップをさらに備える、量子鍵配送の方法。
- ビット損失係数が所定のセキュリティ要件を満たすかどうかを判定し、所定の要件が満たされない場合、ビット損失係数を増大させること、鍵を確立する際に使用されるビットをハッシュすること、代わりのまたは追加のハッシング関数を使用してハッシングの際のビット低減を拡大すること、鍵が置換されるレートを増大させること、ネットワークを通る複数の経路を提供すること、異なる経路に沿って鍵を決定するためのランダムなストリングの一部を送信すること、または同種のことのうち少なくとも1つにより、ネットワークのセキュリティを高めるステップをさらに備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ノード間の損失を増大させることにより、および/またはノード、もしくはネットワークの構成要素の効率を選択することにより、ビット損失係数が増大させられる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 鍵生成で使用される可能なビットの組合せ数が、ネットワークを使用する際に確立されることができる可能な鍵の数を超える場合、ビット損失係数が所定のセキュリティ要件を満たす、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 量子鍵配送ネットワークであって、少なくとも1つの中間QKD機器を介して、エンドポイントQKD機器と直列に連結された制御QKD機器を備え、各QKD機器は、量子鍵交換ステップで、隣接するQKD機器と量子信号を交換するように構成された少なくとも1つの量子送信機および/または量子受信機を有し、各中間QKD機器は、通信ユニットを備える隣接するQKD機器と制御QKD機器で交換される量子信号に関する情報を伝達するための通信ユニットを備え、制御QKD機器は、鍵合意ステップで、量子鍵を各QKD機器と連続的に順に合意するように構成され、ネットワークは、少なくとも1つの量子交換ステップで量子信号の形で交換されたビットと、関連する鍵合意ステップで使用された、または使用されることになるビット数との比に対応するビット損失係数を決定するように構成されたセキュリティモニタをさらに備える、量子鍵配送ネットワーク。
- ビット損失係数が所定のセキュリティ要件を満たすかどうかを判定し、所定の要件が満たされない場合、ビット損失係数を増大させること、鍵を確立する際に使用されるビットをハッシュすること、鍵が置換されるレートを増大させること、ネットワークを通る複数の経路を提供すること、異なる経路に沿って鍵を決定するためのランダムなストリングの一部を送信することのうち少なくとも1つにより、ネットワークのセキュリティを高めるようにセキュリティモニタが構成される、請求項5に記載のネットワーク。
- 量子鍵を確立する方法であって、量子信号を提供するように構成されたビットストリームをモニタするステップと、ビットストリームのビット分布を解析して、ビットストリームから利用可能な鍵情報が所定のしきいレベルを超えるかどうかを判定するステップとを備える、量子鍵を確立する方法。
- 所定のしきいレベルを超えた場合、量子信号をモニタすることにより得られることができる情報を低減するようにビットストリームを調整するステップをさらに備える、請求項7に記載の方法。
- ビットストリームを調整するステップが、一方の値のビットを異なる値のビットと置換するステップをさらに備える、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 所定のしきいレベルを超えた場合、新しいビットストリームを提供する方法を再び開始するステップを備える、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 量子送信機ユニットであって、ビットストリングを生成するように構成された擬似乱数発生器(PRNG)と、量子通信媒体上で送信するためのビットストリームでキュービットを符号化するように構成された量子エンコーダとを備え、PRNGの出力をモニタし、かつビットストリームの解析により得られることができる鍵情報を判定するように構成されたビットストリーム解析ユニットをさらに備える、量子送信機ユニット。
- PRNGのためのシードを送信または受信するように構成された通信ユニットをさらに備える、請求項11に記載の量子送信機ユニット。
- 利用可能な鍵情報が所定のレベルを超える場合、ビットストリーム解析ユニットが、1つまたは複数のビットの値を変更することによりビットストリームを調整するように構成される、請求項11または12に記載の量子送信機ユニット。
- 情報が所定のしきい値を超える場合、量子信号をモニタすることにより得られることができる情報を低減するように、ビットストリームを調整するように構成されたビットストリーム調整ユニットをさらに備える、請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載の量子送信機ユニット。
- ビットストリームを出力するように構成された量子鍵配送システムで使用するための擬似乱数発生器(PRNG)であって、PRNGの出力をモニタし、かつビットストリームの解析から得られることができる鍵情報を判定するように構成されるビットストリーム解析ユニットを備えるPRNG。
- 情報が所定のしきい値を超える場合、量子信号をモニタすることにより得られることができる情報を低減するように、ビットストリームを調整するように構成されたビットストリーム調整ユニットをさらに備える、請求項15に記載のPRNG。
- QKDシステムであって、量子交換ステップで複数のビットを備える量子信号を交換するように構成された少なくとも2つの量子機器を備え、量子機器のうち少なくとも1つが、鍵合意ステップで、第1の鍵合意機器の役割を果たし、かつ第2の鍵合意機器と鍵を合意するように構成され、各鍵合意機器が、どのビットが鍵合意のために利用可能であるかを判定し、かつ鍵合意ステップでビットが使用される順序をさらに判定するように構成された鍵判定ユニットと結合されるQKDシステム。
- 鍵合意機器の各々が別個の鍵判定ユニットと結合され、ビットが使用される順序が、両方の鍵合意機器に知られている秘密値を使用して判定される、請求項17に記載のQKDシステム。
- 鍵判定ユニットまたは各鍵判定ユニットが擬似乱数発生器を備える、請求項17または18に記載のQKDシステム。
- 同等の擬似乱数発生器が各鍵合意機器と結合され、鍵合意機器が共有値を記憶し、共有値を1つまたは複数の擬似乱数発生器のためのシードとして使用するように構成される、請求項19に記載のQKDシステム。
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GB1020424.6 | 2010-12-02 | ||
GBGB1020424.6A GB201020424D0 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Quantum key distribution |
PCT/GB2011/001670 WO2012072983A2 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2011-12-01 | Quantum key distribution |
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JP2013544479A true JP2013544479A (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
JP5936618B2 JP5936618B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
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US (1) | US9692595B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2647155B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5936618B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB201020424D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012072983A2 (ja) |
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EP2647155A2 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
US20130251145A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
US9692595B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
JP5936618B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
WO2012072983A3 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
WO2012072983A2 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2647155B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
GB201020424D0 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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