JP2013529677A - 磁気粒子イメージング(mpi)のための高性能鉄酸化物粒子トレーサーの合成 - Google Patents
磁気粒子イメージング(mpi)のための高性能鉄酸化物粒子トレーサーの合成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013529677A JP2013529677A JP2013517614A JP2013517614A JP2013529677A JP 2013529677 A JP2013529677 A JP 2013529677A JP 2013517614 A JP2013517614 A JP 2013517614A JP 2013517614 A JP2013517614 A JP 2013517614A JP 2013529677 A JP2013529677 A JP 2013529677A
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- Prior art keywords
- nanoparticles
- oleate
- iron oxide
- organic solvent
- iron
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 30
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229940031182 nanoparticles iron oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical group CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 ethyl silyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FVFJGQJXAWCHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(bromomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 FVFJGQJXAWCHIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C CRSOQBOWXPBRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000575 polymersome Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000469 amphiphilic block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- HOIQWTMREPWSJY-GNOQXXQHSA-K iron(3+);(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O HOIQWTMREPWSJY-GNOQXXQHSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- XLFUPKLYHZGAHX-KVVVOXFISA-M (z)-octadec-9-enoate;tetraethylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O XLFUPKLYHZGAHX-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)C RMGHERXMTMUMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O benzylaminium Chemical compound [NH3+]CC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCZLQYAECBEUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZCZLQYAECBEUBH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- AVOVSJYQRZMDQJ-KVVVOXFISA-M lithium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O AVOVSJYQRZMDQJ-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(N)CNC(=O)OC(C)(C)C AXLHVTKGDPVANO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940096992 potassium oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M potassium;(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O MLICVSDCCDDWMD-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical group C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
Description
(a)鉄酸化物/水酸化物及びオレイン酸又はその誘導体を第1の有機溶媒中に懸濁させるステップ;
(b)前記懸濁物の温度を、所定の速度で、最大340℃から500℃まで上げるステップ;
(c)前記懸濁物をステップ(b)の最大温度で約0.5から6時間熟成するステップ;
(d)前記懸濁物を冷却するステップ;
(e)第2の有機溶媒を添加するステップ;
(f)非溶媒を添加してナノ粒子を沈殿させて過剰の溶媒を除去するステップ;
(g)前記第2の有機溶媒中に前記ナノ粒子を分散させるステップ;
(h)ステップ(g)の分散物とポリマー溶液を混合するステップ;及び
(i)場合により、前記第2の有機溶媒を除去するステップを含む。
さらに又はこれに代えて、前記冷却ステップ(d)での懸濁物の温度は、約40℃から90℃へ下げられる。
(j)ステップ(i)で得られ得るナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液を精製するステップ;
(k)ステップ(i)又は(k)で得られ得るナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液を酸化剤又は還元剤で処理するステップ;
(l)ステップ(i)、(j)又は(k)で得られ得るナノ粒子の表面を、前記ポリマー又は安定化剤コーティングを除去、置換又は変更することで変性するステップ;
(m)ステップ(i)から(l)で得られ得るナノ粒子を、ミセル、リポソーム、ポリマーソーム、血液細胞、ポリマーカプセル、デンドリマー、ポリマー又はヒドロゲルなどのキャリアでカプセル化又はクラスタ化するステップ;及び
(n)ステップ(i)から(m)で得られ得るナノ粒子を、ターゲットリガンドで修飾する、ステップが実施される。
さらに記載及び特許請求の範囲での用語「第1の」、「第2の」、「第3の」又は「(a)」、「(b)」、「(c)」、「(d)」等は類似する要素を区別するために使用されているものであり、連続性又は時間順序を説明するためには必須ではない。理解されるべきことは、使用される用語は、適切な状況では互いに交換可能であり、ここで記載される実施態様は、ここで記載され示される順序とは異なる順序で操作することが可能である、ということである。
(a)鉄酸化物/水酸化物及びオレイン酸又はその誘導体を第1の有機溶媒中に懸濁させるステップ;
(b)前記懸濁物の温度を、所定の速度で、最大340℃から500℃まで上げるステップ;
(c)前記懸濁物をステップ(b)の最大温度で約0.5から6時間熟成するステップ;
(d)前記懸濁物を冷却するステップ;
(e)第2の有機溶媒を添加するステップ;
(f)非溶媒を添加してナノ粒子を沈殿させて過剰の溶媒を除去するステップ;
(g)前記第2の有機溶媒中に前記ナノ粒子を分散させるステップ;
(h)ステップ(g)の分散物とポリマー溶液を混合するステップ;及び、
(i)場合により、前記第2の有機溶媒を除去するステップを含む。
例えば、溶媒に量は、懸濁される内容部の容積又は重量の、1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、6倍、7倍、8倍、9倍、10倍、15倍、20倍、30倍、50倍又は100倍で使用され得る。
(j)ステップ(i)で得られたナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液を精製するステップ;
(k)ステップ(i)又はステップ(j)で得られたナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液を酸化剤又は還元剤で処理するステップ;
(l)ステップ(i)、(j)又は(k)で得られたナノ粒子の表面を、前記コーティングを除去、交換又は変更することで変性するステップ;
(m)ステップ(i)から(l)で得られたナノ粒子を、ミセル、リポソーム、ポリマーソーム、血液細胞、ポリマーカプセル、デンドリマー、ポリマー又はヒドロゲルで、カプセル化又はクラスタ化するステップ;及び
(n) ステップ(i)から(m)で得られたナノ粒子をターゲットリガンドで修飾するステップにより、処理、変性又は変更され得る
ステップ(i)又はその変法で得られたナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液の精製は、例えば濾過で実施され得る。濾過は、任意に適切な方法、例えばミクロ濾過、超濾過、ナノ濾過、逆浸透圧などの動的濾過、又は真空濾過、加圧濾過又は膜濾過などの静的濾過を用いることで実施され得る。さらにモレキュラーシーブも使用され得る。
この両親媒性(より親水性ヘッド部分とより疎水性テール部分を持つ)のために、前記ブロックコポリマーは、リポソームと類似のヘッド−テール及びテール−ヘッドの二層構造に自己集合することができる。リポソームに比べて、ポリマーソームはずっと大きい分子量を持ち、数平均分子等は通常、1000から100000、好ましくは2500から50000、より好ましくは5000から25000であり、通常は化学的に安定であり、生理的膜から漏れることや生理的膜に干渉することが少なく、かつより低い臨界凝集濃度により安定である。これらの性質により、オプソニン作用がより小さくかつ長い循環時間が得られる。
第1の合成ブロックで、FeO(OH)(200mg、2.25mmol)、オレイン酸(HOA)(2.54g、9.0mmol)及びイコサン(1.2g)を3つ口フラスコ(50ml)に入れた。フラスコを加熱マントルに入れ、フラスコに撹拌器、熱電対に接続された温度センサ、及びバブル計を含むリフラックスコンデンサーを装着した。熱電対は、2時間で3.3℃/分の加熱速度で360℃へ設定された。分解の間、反応混合物の色は赤茶色から黒色に変わり、鉄酸化物ナノ粒子の形成を示した。フラスコを50℃へ冷却した。ヘキサン(10ml)を添加し、混合物を遠心分離用フラスコに移した。ナノ粒子はアセトン(20ml)を添加することでヘキサン溶液から沈殿した。フラスコを30分間、4900rpm(4671rcf)で遠心した。黒い上澄みを捨てて、残ったナノ粒子をヘキサン(5ml)に再分散させ、アセトン(10ml)で沈殿させた。この洗浄手順をさらに1回繰り返した。得られた精製ナノ粒子は10mlヘキサンに再分散させ貯蔵した(得られたサンプルはサンプル1.1とする)。
第1の合成ブロックで、ロックで、FeO(OH)(200mg、2.25mmol)、オレイン酸(HOA)(2.54g、9.0mmol)及びイコサン(1.2g)を3つ口フラスコ(50ml)に入れた。フラスコを加熱マントルに入れ、フラスコに撹拌器、熱電対に接続された温度センサ、及びバブル計を含むリフラックスコンデンサーを装着した。熱電対は、2時間で3.3℃/分の加熱速度で360℃へ設定された。分解の間、反応混合物の色は赤茶色から黒色に変わり、鉄酸化物ナノ粒子の形成を示した。フラスコを50℃へ冷却した。ヘキサン(10ml)を添加し、混合物を遠心分離用フラスコに移した。ナノ粒子はアセトンを(20ml)添加することでヘキサン溶液から沈殿した。フラスコを30分間、4900rpm(4671rcf)で遠心した。黒い上澄みを捨てて、残ったナノ粒子をヘキサン(5ml)に再分散させ、アセトン(10ml)で沈殿させた。この洗浄手順をさらに1回繰り返した。得られた精製ナノ粒子は10mlヘキサンに再分散させ貯蔵した(得られたサンプルはサンプル2.1とする)。
得られたサンプルの性能を、磁気粒子スペクトル(MPS)分析で試験した。サンプル1.1のMPS性能は、1MHzでResovist(R)よりも2桁程度優れており、より高い周波数ではさらに優れていた(図2参照)。サンプル2.1及び2.2は、1MHzでResovist(R)よりも1桁程度優れており、より高い周波数ではさらに優れていた(図2参照)。ヘキサン及び水中でのMPS、性能における差は、十分には理解されていないが、前記ナノ粒子を親水性化するための人ユナ化学修飾の結果であると考えられる。
第1の合成ブロックで、FeO(OH)、オレイン酸及びイコサン(1.2g)を3つ口フラスコ(50ml)に入れた。FeO(OH)及びオレイン酸の使用された量及び各成分の量論比は以下の表1に与えられる。フラスコを加熱マントルに入れ、フラスコに撹拌器、熱電対に接続された温度センサ、及びバブル計を含むリフラックスコンデンサーを装着した。熱電対は、2時間で3.3℃/分の加熱速度で360℃へ設定された。分解の間、反応混合物の色は赤茶色から黒色に変わり、鉄酸化物ナノ粒子の形成を示した。フラスコを50℃へ冷却した。ヘキサン(10ml)を添加し、混合物を遠心分離用フラスコに移した。ナノ粒子はアセトン(20ml)を添加することでヘキサン溶液から沈殿した。フラスコを30分間、4900rpm(4671rcf)で遠心した。黒い上澄みを捨てて、残ったナノ粒子をヘキサン(5ml)に再分散させ、アセトン(10ml)で沈殿させた。この洗浄手順をさらに1回繰り返した。得られた精製ナノ粒子は10mlヘキサンに再分散させ貯蔵した(得られたサンプルはサンプルAからHとする)。
サンプルA、B、C及びFは、FeO(OH):HOAの比が増加すると高周波数でMPS信号の増加を示した(図3A、B、C及びF参照)。サンプルD、E及びGは、FeO(OH)及びHOAの相対濃度に加えてまた、それらの絶対濃度も重要であり、最適範囲がサンプルA、B、C及びFで説明される、ということを示す。さらに、サンプルGは反応時間の重要性を示す。これらの説明された条件下で、反応を2時間行うことが、反応を6時間行うよりもよい結果を与えた。
TEM分析をサンプルA、BおよびCについて行った。図4から分かるように、MPS信号はサンプルA(図4A)からサンプルB(図4B)へ改善された。しかしこれらのTEMイメージは、ナノ粒子の形態について有意な差を示していない。サンプルA及びB共に、単分散粒子を含み、類似する平均直径16.3±1.7nm(サンプルA)及び16.7±1.1nm(サンプルB)であった。ここで最も高いMPS信号を示したサンプルC(図4C参照)について、多面的コアを持つ粒子であることが見出された(図4D)。さらにこのサンプルはサンプルA及びBよりも広いサイズ分布(平均直径18.0±3.5nm)を示した。従って、この非単分散サンプルを分画することでさらに改良されたMPS性能が予測される。
XRDは鉄酸化物粒子の結晶構造を分析するための非常に高感度の技術であり、鉄酸化物材料の異なるタイプを識別するための有力な手段である。サンプルA、B、CのXRDを測定し、得られたスペクトルを理論的回折パターンと比較し、又Fe3O4参照サンプルと比較した(図5)。この分析により、全ての試験サンプル(A、B及びC)は、主にFe3O4鉄酸化物コアを含むことが同定された。
前記ナノ粒子トレーサー材料の磁化曲線の高非線型性が優れたMPS性能にとって本質的である。サンプルCの振動スキャン磁化分析の結果は図6に示される。図6から分かるように、前記サンプルは、非常に鋭い磁化曲線を示し、また107emu/gの高い飽和磁化を示し、これは磁気コアがFe3O4として整合する。
本発明において、用語「からなる」は、用語「含む」の一つの好ましい実施態様と考えられる。以下、群が少なくともある数の実施態様を含むとして定義される場合に、これはまた、好ましくはこれらの実施態様のみからなる群を又含むことを意味する。
Claims (15)
- 鉄酸化物ナノ粒子を形成する方法であり、前記方法は次のステップ:
(a)鉄酸化物/水酸化物及びオレイン酸又はその誘導体を第1の有機溶媒中に懸濁させるステップ;
(b)前記懸濁物の温度を、所定の速度で、最大340℃から500℃まで上げるステップ;
(c)前記懸濁物をステップ(b)の最大温度で約0.5から6時間熟成するステップ;
(d)前記懸濁物を冷却するステップ;
(e)第2の有機溶媒を添加するステップ;
(f)非溶媒を添加してナノ粒子を沈殿させて過剰の溶媒を除去するステップ;
(g)前記第2の有機溶媒中に前記ナノ粒子を分散させるステップ;
(h)ステップ(g)の分散物とポリマー溶液を混合するステップ;及び
(i)場合により、前記第2の有機溶媒を除去するステップを含む、方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であり、前記鉄酸化物/水酸化物が、鉄(III)酸化物/水酸化物、鉄(II)酸化物/水酸化物又は鉄(III)及び鉄(II)酸化物の混合物/水酸化物である、方法。
- 請求項1又は2のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、前記オレイン酸の誘導体が、オレイン酸アンモニウム、オレイン酸リチウム、オレイン酸ナトリウム、オレイン酸カリウム、オレイン酸マグネシウム、オレイン酸カルシウム、オレイン酸アルミニウム又はオレイン酸鉄である、方法。
- 請求項3に記載の方法であり、前記オレイン酸アンモニウムが、式R1R2R3R4N+を持つオレイン酸アルキルアンモニウムであり、ここでR1、R2、R3及びR4が、アルキル、アリール又はシリル基であるか、又は水素である、方法。
- 請求項4に記載の方法であり、前記オレイン酸アルキルアンモニウムが、オレイン酸テトラメチルアンモニウム、オレイン酸テトラエチルアンモニウム、オレイン酸テトラプロピルアンモニウム、オレイン酸テトラブチルアンモニウム又はオレイン酸ベンジルアンモニウムである、方法。
- 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、前記第1の有機溶媒が式CnH2n+mで表されるアルカン溶媒であり、ここで15≦n≦30及び−2≦m≦2であり;及び/又は前記非溶媒が、アセトン、ブタノン、ペンタノン、イソブチルメチルケトン、ジエチルエーテル、メチルプロピルエーテル、メチルイソプロピルエーテル、エチルプロピルエーテル又はエチルシリルエーテルであり;及び/又は前記第2の溶媒が、ペンタン、イソペンタン、ネオペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、テトラクロロメタン又はジクロロエタンである、方法。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、前記ステップ(b)の温度増加の速度が、1分間に約1℃と10℃の間の温度の増加である、方法。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、ステップ(b)の最大温度は、340℃から400℃であり、及び/又は前記冷却ステップ(d)での懸濁物の温度は、約40℃から90℃へ下げられる、方法。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、前記熟成ステップ(c)は約1から5時間実施される、方法。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、前記ポリマーの溶液が、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)及び/又はポリプロピレングリコール(PPG)を含む親水性生物適合性コポリマーの本質的な水溶性緩衝液、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)を含む両親媒性リン脂質の本質的な水溶液、又は両親媒性ブロックコポリマー本質的な干渉水溶液である、方法。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、ステップ(h)の代わりに、ステップ(g)で、クエン酸、酒石酸、乳酸、シュウ酸及び/又はそれらの塩、デキストラン、カルボデキストラン、ポリオキシエチレン系ポリマー又はコポリマー、又はそれらの組み合わせなどの、親水性又は両親媒性安定化剤と混合するステップを含む、方法。
- 請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、前記除去ステップ(i)が、本質的に非閉鎖システムで混合物を撹拌することで実施され、それにより前記第2の有機溶媒が、親水性ナノ粒子の水溶液が得られるまで蒸発させることができる、方法。
- 請求項1乃至12のいずれか一項に記載の方法であり、次の1又はそれ以上の追加のステップ、
(j)ステップ(i)で得られ得るナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液を精製するステップ;
(k)ステップ(i)又は(k)で得られ得るナノ粒子又はナノ粒子溶液を酸化剤又は還元剤で処理するステップ;
(l)ステップ(i)、(j)又は(k)で得られ得るナノ粒子の表面を、前記ポリマー又は安定化剤コーティングを除去、置換又は変更することで変性するステップ;
(m)ステップ(i)から(l)で得られ得るナノ粒子を、ミセル、リポソーム、ポリマーソーム、血液細胞、ポリマーカプセル、デンドリマー、ポリマー又はヒドロゲルなどのキャリアでカプセル化又はクラスタ化するステップ;及び
(n)ステップ(i)から(m)で得られ得るナノ粒子を、ターゲットリガンドで修飾する、ステップが実施される、方法。 - 請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の方法で得られ得る鉄酸化物ナノ粒子。
- 請求項14の前記鉄酸化物ナノ粒子又は請求項1乃至13のいずれか一項に記載の方法で得られ得る鉄酸化物ナノ粒子の、磁気粒子イメージング(MPI)又は磁気粒子スペクトル(MPS)のためのトレーサーとしての使用。
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JP2016539070A (ja) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-12-15 | ハンワ ケミカル コーポレイション | 均一な金属酸化物ナノ粒子を再現性高く製造する方法 |
US9771275B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2017-09-26 | Hanwha Chemical Corporation | Method for preparing uniform metal oxide nanoparticles with high reproducibility |
US11325091B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2022-05-10 | Fujifilm Corporation | Method for producing liposome and apparatus for producing liposome |
US11395999B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2022-07-26 | Fujifilm Corporation | Method for producing liposome and apparatus for producing liposome |
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US20130095043A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
WO2012001579A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 |
RU2013103696A (ru) | 2014-08-10 |
EP2588145A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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