JP2013513693A - 炭化水素燃料及び組成物を製造するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
炭化水素燃料及び組成物を製造するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G21/003—Solvent de-asphalting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/24—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles
- C10G47/26—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
- C10G67/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
- C10G67/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including solvent extraction as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
- C10G67/0454—Solvent desasphalting
- C10G67/049—The hydrotreatment being a hydrocracking
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
[0002]本発明は、スラリー水素化分解(SHC)及び溶剤脱瀝(SDA)によって炭化水素燃料を製造するための方法及び装置に関する。
[0017]更なる代表的な態様においては、装置の分別セクションはまた、ディーゼル燃料流を排出するための側部出口、及び軽VGO(LVGO)流を排出するための側部出口も含む。
[0020]「芳香族物質」という用語は、ASTM−D2549によって定める環含有分子を含む物質を意味する。
[0022]「下流連絡」という用語は、下流連絡している対象物へ流れる物質の少なくとも一部を、それが連絡している対象物から作用可能に流動させることができることを意味する。
[0027]ここで用いる「重質真空軽油」とは、全て石油産業によって用いられているASTM−D2887、D6352、又はD7169のような任意の標準ガスクロマトグラフィー模擬蒸留法によって求められる427℃(800°F)〜538℃(975°F)の範囲の沸点の炭化水素物質を意味する。
[0029]「液時空間速度」という用語は、体積を16℃の標準温度に換算した反応器体積あたりの液体供給流の体積流量を意味する。
[0036]図に示されるように、ライン12内の重質供給流はSHCユニット10への供給流として示される。ライン14内の重質生成物再循環流を、重質供給流12と混合することができる。ライン16内の粒子状物質のコーク抑制添加剤又は触媒を、ライン12内の供給流と一緒に混合して均一なスラリーを形成する。種々の固体触媒粒子を粒子状物質として用いることができる。特に有用な触媒粒子は、US−4,963,247に記載されているものである。而して、粒子は、通常は、45μm未満の粒径を有し、大部分、即ち一形態においては少なくとも50重量%が10μm未満の粒径を有する硫酸第一鉄である。硫酸鉄一水和物が好ましい触媒である。ボーキサイト触媒も好ましい可能性がある。一形態においては、新しい供給材料を基準として0.01〜4.0重量%のコーク抑制触媒粒子を供給混合物に加える。或いは又はこれに加えて、油溶性のコーク抑制添加剤を用いることができる。油溶性の添加剤としては、新しい供給材料を基準として50〜1000wppmの範囲の、モリブデン、タングステン、ルテニウム、ニッケル、コバルト、又は鉄による金属ナフテン酸塩又は金属オクタン酸塩が挙げられる。
実施例1:
[0049]SHC反応器を用いて、Alberta,カナダのPeace River地層からの瀝青の真空残油を、80〜90重量%のピッチ転化レベルで転化させた。それぞれのSHC生成物を分離して、ピッチ生成物及びHVGO生成物を与えた。ASTM−D2549−02(2007):溶出クロマトグラフィーによって高沸点油の代表的な芳香族及び非芳香族フラクションを分離するための標準試験法:によって、SHC生成物フラクションに関する芳香族物質濃度を求めた。SHC反応器から排出されるピッチは、80重量%より高い全ての転化レベルにおいて100%芳香族分子であると無理なく推測される。それぞれのHVGO留分に関して求めた芳香族物質濃度を表Iに与える。
[0050]SHC反応器を用いて、Alberta,カナダのPeace River地層からの瀝青の真空残油を、87重量%のピッチ転化レベルで転化させた。SHC生成物を分離して、ピッチ生成物及びHVGO生成物を与えた。次に、ピッチ生成物を、n−ペンタン溶剤を用いる溶剤分離にかけてDAOを抽出した、ブレンド計算を行って、選択された割合のHVGO生成物及びペンタンで抽出されたDAOを有する炭化水素組成物のブレンドの特性を求めた。RME180/IFO180仕様と比較したブレンドした炭化水素組成物の特性を表IIに示す。RME180/IF180仕様は、ISO標準規格8217:2005(E)表2:船舶用残油に関する要件:からとった。表IIのブレンドの芳香族物質濃度を、表IからのHVGO及びピッチ留分中の芳香族物質濃度の重量平均として求めた。
[0054]SHC反応器を用いて、Alberta,カナダのPeace Riverからの瀝青の真空残油を、87重量%のピッチ転化レベルで転化させた。SHC生成物を分離してピッチ生成物を与えた。ピッチ生成物は表IIIに与える特性を有していた。
[0059]上記の記載から、当業者であれば、本発明の本質的な特徴を容易に確認することができ、その精神及び範囲から逸脱することなく、種々の用法及び条件にそれを適合させるように本発明の種々の変更及び修正を行うことができる。
Claims (10)
- 重質供給流をスラリー水素化分解してスラリー水素化分解生成物を与え;
スラリー水素化分解生成物を分離して、ピッチ流及び重質VGO流を与え;
ピッチ流の少なくとも一部を溶剤と混合して、ピッチの一部を溶剤中に溶解し;そして
ピッチの溶解部分を重質VGO流の少なくとも一部とブレンドしてブレンド生成物を与える;
ことを含む炭化水素燃料の製造方法。 - ブレンド工程の前に溶剤からピッチの溶解部分を分離することを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 重質供給流をスラリー水素化分解することが、少なくとも85重量%のピッチの転化を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶剤がヘプタン以下の密度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒上で重質供給流と水素を反応させてスラリー水素化分解生成物を生成させるスラリー水素化分解反応器;
スラリー水素化分解反応器と連絡している、スラリー水素化分解生成物から水素を分離する分離器;
重質VGO流を排出するための側部出口、及びピッチ流を排出するための底部出口を有する、スラリー水素化分解反応器と連絡している、スラリー水素化分解生成物の少なくとも一部を分別する分別セクション;
ピッチ流と連絡している、脱瀝油出口から脱瀝油流を製造する溶剤脱瀝カラム;及び
側部出口及び脱瀝油出口と連絡している、重質VGO流の少なくとも一部と脱瀝油流をブレンドする容器又はライン;
を含む炭化水素燃料の製造装置。 - 73重量%以上の芳香族物質;
5重量%以下のヘプタン不溶分;及び
50wppm以下のバナジウム;
を含み、組成物の少なくとも80体積%が426℃(800°F)より高い温度で沸騰する炭化水素組成物。 - 5重量%以下のヘキサン不溶分を更に含む、請求項6に記載の炭化水素組成物。
- 5重量%以下のペンタン不溶分を更に含む、請求項6に記載の炭化水素組成物。
- 10wppm未満のバナジウムを更に含む、請求項6に記載の炭化水素組成物。
- 組成物の少なくとも90体積%が426℃(800°F)より高い温度で沸騰する、請求項6に記載の炭化水素組成物。
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US12/636,135 US8193401B2 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Composition of hydrocarbon fuel |
US12/636,137 US9074143B2 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Process for producing hydrocarbon fuel |
US12/636,137 | 2009-12-11 | ||
US12/636,135 | 2009-12-11 | ||
US12/636,142 US8133446B2 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Apparatus for producing hydrocarbon fuel |
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