JP2013505597A - 薄膜太陽電池形成のためのシリコンインク、対応の方法及び太陽電池構造 - Google Patents
薄膜太陽電池形成のためのシリコンインク、対応の方法及び太陽電池構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013505597A JP2013505597A JP2012530976A JP2012530976A JP2013505597A JP 2013505597 A JP2013505597 A JP 2013505597A JP 2012530976 A JP2012530976 A JP 2012530976A JP 2012530976 A JP2012530976 A JP 2012530976A JP 2013505597 A JP2013505597 A JP 2013505597A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- layer
- ink
- thin film
- doped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 58
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 34
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 181
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract description 62
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 264
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 218
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 104
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 87
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 28
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001725 laser pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- -1 reaction conditions Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001370 static light scattering Methods 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004151 rapid thermal annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002524 electron diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQPWEHUCXNQQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClCC(=O)O.C(CCCCCCC)N Chemical compound ClCC(=O)O.C(CCCCCCC)N AQPWEHUCXNQQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100412856 Mus musculus Rhod gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002257 Plurafac® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006283 Si—O—H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012470 diluted sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylzinc Chemical compound C[Zn]C AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021423 nanocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012713 reactive precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVEFRICMTUKAML-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)CCC(CC(C)C)OS([O-])(=O)=O FVEFRICMTUKAML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005307 time correlation function Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYRCQNDYYRPFMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)C LYRCQNDYYRPFMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- PTCSYKMYHDPUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc acetyl acetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].C(C)(=O)OC(C)=O PTCSYKMYHDPUDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/121—Coherent waves, e.g. laser beams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02532—Silicon, silicon germanium, germanium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
- H01L21/0259—Microstructure
- H01L21/02595—Microstructure polycrystalline
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02587—Structure
- H01L21/0259—Microstructure
- H01L21/02601—Nanoparticles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02623—Liquid deposition
- H01L21/02628—Liquid deposition using solutions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0368—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including polycrystalline semiconductors
- H01L31/03682—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including polycrystalline semiconductors including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0376—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors
- H01L31/03762—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/068—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type
- H01L31/076—Multiple junction or tandem solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
- H01L31/182—Special manufacturing methods for polycrystalline Si, e.g. Si ribbon, poly Si ingots, thin films of polycrystalline Si
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/20—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials
- H01L31/202—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof such devices or parts thereof comprising amorphous semiconductor materials including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/546—Polycrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、“Si Ink for Photovoltaic”と題する2009年9月21日付けで出願されたLiu他の同時係属中の米国仮特許出願番号61/244,340号明細書(参照することにより本明細書中に組み込まれる)、及び“Silicon/Germanium Nanoparticle Inks and Associated Methods”と題する2010年6月29日付けで出願されたChiruvolu他の同時係属中の米国仮特許出願番号61/359,662号明細書(参照することにより本明細書中に組み込まれる)の優先権を主張する。
本明細書中に記載したように、ドーパントを含む又は含まない、シリコンナノ粒子の高品質分散体は、シリコンナノ粒子の効果的な分散能を提供し、これらのシリコンナノ粒子はさらに処理されることにより、望ましい電子特性を有する膜を形成する。インク特性の制御能力が高められるため、シリコンは例えば妥当な印刷法又は塗布法を用いて、迅速且つ効率的に堆積することができる。選択されたドーパントとともにシリコンナノ粒子を導入できると、薄膜太陽電池のための所望のドーパントレベルを有する対応成分を形成するのが可能になる。インクは、比較的高いシリコン粒子ローディング量によって、選択された処理アプローチに適した望ましい特性を有する安定した分散体として形成することができる。高品質インクの形成は、極めて均一なシリコンナノ粒子を使用することによって容易にすることができる。
薄膜太陽電池構造は一般に、pnダイオード接合を形成する元素シリコンを含み、そして当該いくつかの態様では、pドープ層とnドープ層との間に、ドーパントを含まないか又はドーパントレベルが極めて低い真性シリコン層が配置されている。シリコンインクを有するように形成された太陽電池構造に関して、構造は一般に1つ又は2つ以上の多結晶層を含むことができる。シリコンインクは、層内部で良好な電気接続性を形成するために焼結することができる。ほぼ透明の電極間及び/又は受光面の透明電極と背面の反射電極との間に、ドープされた半導体材料及び/又はドープされていない半導体材料の交互の層を配置することができる。インクから形成された多結晶層はテクスチャを有することができる。インクから形成された多結晶シリコン膜は、膜内部で非晶質シリコン材料と組み合わせることができる。バッファ層及び/又は電極層とのテクスチャ付き界面を形成するために多結晶層のテクスチャを使用すると、太陽電池吸収膜内部の光相互反射を増強する散乱が生じることができ、その結果、光吸収率が高められる。
本明細書中に記載された処理アプローチに基づいて、シリコンインクは、薄膜太陽電池の1つ又は2つ以上の構成部分を形成するための好都合な前駆体を提供する。具体的には、シリコンインクは、多結晶層を形成するために好都合に使用することができる。薄膜太陽電池構造全体を形成するために、プロセス全体は、1種又は2種以上のシリコンインクに基づく工程と、他の処理アプローチ、例えばコンベンショナル処理アプローチ(例えば化学蒸着工程)とを組み合わせることができる。
この例は、粒子の表面改質を施すことなしに高濃度で十分に分散されたシリコンナノ粒子を形成する可能性を実証する。
この例は、スクリーン印刷に適した溶剤中のドープシリコンナノ粒子の濃縮懸濁液を実証する。
この例は、シリコンインクからの多結晶薄膜の形成、及びこのような膜の構造特徴付けを実証する。
この例は、透明導電性酸化物(TCO)電極を含む基体上に多結晶薄膜を形成することを実証する。
この例は、レーザー焼結薄膜の表面被覆率に対するSiインク組成及びレーザー焼結パラメータの効果を実証する。
この例では、リンでドープされたシリコンナノ粒子をイソプロピルアルコール中に分散した。結果として生じたインクをp型シリコンウエハー上に塗布した。溶剤を乾燥させた。次いで赤外レーザーを走査することにより、基体に沿った選択個所でシリコンを融合した。0.2〜0.4原子%に対応する標記n+、2〜4原子%に対応する標記n++、そして7〜8原子%に対応する標記n+++を用いて、異なるリンドーパント量を有するシリコンインクを印刷した。
この例は、妥当な導電率を得るための印刷されたシリコンナノ粒子の熱焼結を実証する。
Claims (23)
- 薄膜太陽電池構造を形成する方法であって、
元素シリコン粒子を含むインクの層を堆積すること、この際、前記インクは、初期濃度が0.4重量パーセントよりも高い場合は、0.4重量パーセントに希釈されたインク試料上で動的光散乱させることによって測定して、約250nm以下であるz平均二次粒子サイズを有する、及び
構造全体がpドープ元素シリコン層とnドープ元素シリコン層とを含む、pn接合ダイオード構造の素子として多結晶層を形成するために、該元素シリコン粒子を焼結すること、
を含んで成る薄膜太陽電池構造を形成する方法。 - 該インクの堆積がスピン塗布を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該インクの堆積がスクリーン印刷を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該インクが、平均一次粒子直径が約75nm以下のシリコン粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該インクのz平均二次粒子サイズが約250nm以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該シリコン粒子のドーパントレベルが約25ppm以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該シリコン粒子がドーパントとしてP、As、Sb、又はこれらの組み合わせを含み、そして約0.01原子パーセント〜約15原子パーセントのドーパントレベルを有している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該シリコン粒子がドーパントとしてB、Al、Ga、In、又はこれらの組み合わせを含み、そして約0.1原子パーセント〜約15原子パーセントのドーパントレベルを有している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該焼結が炉内で行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該焼結が、該堆積されたシリコンに向けられたレーザーを用いて実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該多結晶層が該セルの真性層を形成しており、そしてさらに、該多結晶層の表面に沿って非晶質真性シリコン層を堆積することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該非晶質真性層上に、約0.05原子パーセント〜約35原子パーセントの非晶質ドープ層を堆積すること、及び該非晶質ドープ層から電流を収集するように位置決めされた電流コレクタを取り付けることをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 平均して隣接する層を形成する、多結晶シリコン領域と非晶質シリコン領域との間にテクスチャ付き界面を有する、多結晶シリコンと非晶質シリコンとから成る複合材料を有する複合層を含む薄膜太陽電池であって、構造全体が、ダイオード接合部を形成するpドープ元素シリコン層とnドープ元素シリコン層とを含み、そして該テクスチャが該多結晶材料のクリスタリットサイズを反映している、
薄膜太陽電池。 - 該多結晶層が、ドーピングレベル約25ppm以下であり、該pドープ元素シリコン層と該nドープ元素シリコン層との間に配置されている真性層である、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該多結晶層の平均厚が約200nm〜約10ミクロンである、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該pドープ元素シリコン層及び/又は該nドープ元素シリコン層も多結晶質である、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該pドープ元素シリコン層の1つが多結晶質であり、そして該nドープ元素シリコン層が非晶質である、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該pドープ元素シリコン層の1つが非晶質であり、そして該nドープ元素シリコン層が非晶質である、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 非晶質元素シリコンnドープ層と、非晶質元素シリコンpドープ層と、該nドープ層と該pドープ層との間の非晶質真性層とを含む第2のダイオード接合部を、さらに含む、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該nドープ層のドーパントレベルが約0.05原子パーセント〜約35原子パーセントであり、該pドープ層のドーパントレベルが約0.05原子パーセント〜約35原子パーセントである、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該複合層が約0.1重量パーセント〜約70重量パーセントの非晶質シリコンを含む、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該複合層が約1重量パーセント〜約20重量パーセントの非晶質シリコンを含む、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
- 該複合層が約0.1〜約40原子パーセントの水素を含む、請求項13に記載の薄膜太陽電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US24434009P | 2009-09-21 | 2009-09-21 | |
US61/244,340 | 2009-09-21 | ||
US35966210P | 2010-06-29 | 2010-06-29 | |
US61/359,662 | 2010-06-29 | ||
PCT/US2010/049661 WO2011035306A2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Silicon inks for thin film solar solar cell formation, corresponding methods and solar cell structures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013505597A true JP2013505597A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
JP5715141B2 JP5715141B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
Family
ID=43759327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012530976A Expired - Fee Related JP5715141B2 (ja) | 2009-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | 薄膜太陽電池形成のためのシリコンインク、対応の方法及び太陽電池構造 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110120537A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5715141B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20120093892A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102668115B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI523246B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011035306A2 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013532225A (ja) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-08-15 | ナノグラム・コーポレイション | シリコン/ゲルマニウム・ナノ粒子インク、ナノ粒子を合成するためのレーザー熱分解反応器、及び関連の方法 |
JP2019502808A (ja) * | 2015-11-03 | 2019-01-31 | カネカ アメリカズ ホールディング,インコーポレイティド | 誘電率の調整によるナノ粒子の分散安定性の制御及び界面活性剤フリーナノ粒子の固有誘電率の決定 |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101100111B1 (ko) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-12-29 | 한국철강 주식회사 | 인플렉서블 또는 플렉서블 기판을 포함하는 광기전력 장치 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR101039719B1 (ko) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-06-09 | 한국철강 주식회사 | 플렉서블 기판 또는 인플렉서블 기판을 포함하는 광기전력 장치 및 이의 제조 방법 |
US10319872B2 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2019-06-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cost-efficient high power PECVD deposition for solar cells |
US9312406B2 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2016-04-12 | Sunpower Corporation | Hybrid emitter all back contact solar cell |
US20140179049A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Nanogram Corporation | Silicon/germanium-based nanoparticle pastes with ultra low metal contamination |
DE102013100593B4 (de) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-12-31 | Wavelabs Solar Metrology Systems Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vermessen von Solarzellen |
US9082925B2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-07-14 | Sunpower Corporation | Methods for wet chemistry polishing for improved low viscosity printing in solar cell fabrication |
JP6271716B2 (ja) | 2013-05-24 | 2018-01-31 | 帝人株式会社 | シリコン/ゲルマニウム系ナノ粒子及び高粘度アルコール溶媒を含有する印刷用インク |
CN104710877B (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2017-04-05 | 中国人民银行印制科学技术研究所 | 一种防伪油墨 |
US20150380581A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-31 | Michael C. Johnson | Passivation of light-receiving surfaces of solar cells with crystalline silicon |
EP3025702A1 (de) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-01 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Höchstreine, amorphe siliciumpulver, verfahren zu deren herstellung als auch deren verwendung |
CN106611800A (zh) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-05-03 | 陈柏颕 | 太阳能薄膜结构及制造该太阳能薄膜结构的方法与装置 |
US11539053B2 (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2022-12-27 | Utility Global, Inc. | Method of making copper electrode |
US11761100B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2023-09-19 | Utility Global, Inc. | Electrochemical device and method of making |
US11611097B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2023-03-21 | Utility Global, Inc. | Method of making an electrochemical reactor via sintering inorganic dry particles |
US11557784B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2023-01-17 | Utility Global, Inc. | Method of making a fuel cell and treating a component thereof |
US11603324B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 | 2023-03-14 | Utility Global, Inc. | Channeled electrodes and method of making |
WO2020102140A1 (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-22 | Utility Global, Inc. | Manufacturing method with particle size control |
DE102019105117B4 (de) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-10 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Absorber für eine photovoltaische Zelle mit erhöhter Leerlaufspannung |
WO2023059120A1 (ko) * | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-13 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN114479548A (zh) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-13 | 甘肃省科学院实验工厂 | 一种硅墨水及其制备方法和硅墨涂层提高太阳能电池效率的方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09307130A (ja) * | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-28 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 薄膜光電材料およびそれを含む薄膜型光電変換装置 |
JP2002110550A (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-12 | Sharp Corp | 微結晶半導体薄膜および薄膜太陽電池 |
US20080078441A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Dmitry Poplavskyy | Semiconductor devices and methods from group iv nanoparticle materials |
WO2008085806A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-17 | Nanogram Corporation | Nanoparticle inks based on silicon/germanium, doped particles, printing and processes for semiconductor applications |
WO2008103293A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-28 | Nanogram Corporation | Solar cell structures, photovoltaic modules and corresponding processes |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4129463A (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1978-12-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Polycrystalline silicon semiconducting material by nuclear transmutation doping |
US5391893A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1995-02-21 | Semicoductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Nonsingle crystal semiconductor and a semiconductor device using such semiconductor |
US5468653A (en) * | 1982-08-24 | 1995-11-21 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Photoelectric conversion device and method of making the same |
US7038238B1 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 2006-05-02 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device having a non-single crystalline semiconductor layer |
US5665639A (en) * | 1994-02-23 | 1997-09-09 | Cypress Semiconductor Corp. | Process for manufacturing a semiconductor device bump electrode using a rapid thermal anneal |
AUPM483494A0 (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1994-04-28 | Pacific Solar Pty Limited | Multiple layer thin film solar cells |
US5565188A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1996-10-15 | Nanosystems L.L.C. | Polyalkylene block copolymers as surface modifiers for nanoparticles |
FR2743193B1 (fr) * | 1996-01-02 | 1998-04-30 | Univ Neuchatel | Procede et dispositif de depot d'au moins une couche de silicium hydrogene microcristallin ou nanocristallin intrinseque, et cellule photovoltaique et transistor a couches minces obtenus par la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
US5801108A (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Motorola Inc. | Low temperature cofireable dielectric paste |
US7575784B1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2009-08-18 | Nanogram Corporation | Coating formation by reactive deposition |
US8568684B2 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2013-10-29 | Nanogram Corporation | Methods for synthesizing submicron doped silicon particles |
JP4208281B2 (ja) * | 1998-02-26 | 2009-01-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 積層型光起電力素子 |
EP0949688A1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-13 | Phototronics Solartechnik GmbH | Dünnschichtsolarzelle, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US6335479B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2002-01-01 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Protective sheet for solar battery module, method of fabricating the same and solar battery module |
US6752979B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2004-06-22 | Very Small Particle Company Pty Ltd | Production of metal oxide particles with nano-sized grains |
US7122736B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2006-10-17 | Midwest Research Institute | Method and apparatus for fabricating a thin-film solar cell utilizing a hot wire chemical vapor deposition technique |
JP4224961B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-17 | 2009-02-18 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | インクジェット記録用水性インク及びカラーインクセット |
US6821329B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2004-11-23 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ink compositions and methods of ink-jet printing on hydrophobic media |
US20030091647A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-15 | Lewis Jennifer A. | Controlled dispersion of colloidal suspensions via nanoparticle additions |
KR100493156B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-05 | 2005-06-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 나노입자를 이용한 비정질 실리콘의 결정화 방법 |
CN100423197C (zh) * | 2002-08-23 | 2008-10-01 | Jsr株式会社 | 硅膜形成用组合物和硅膜的形成方法 |
JP2004165394A (ja) * | 2002-11-13 | 2004-06-10 | Canon Inc | 積層型光起電力素子 |
JP4086629B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-13 | 2008-05-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光起電力素子 |
JP2004335823A (ja) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Canon Inc | 光起電力素子及び光起電力素子の形成方法 |
US7491431B2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2009-02-17 | Nanogram Corporation | Dense coating formation by reactive deposition |
JP2009530818A (ja) * | 2006-03-13 | 2009-08-27 | ナノグラム・コーポレイション | 薄シリコンまたはゲルマニウムシートおよび薄型シート製太陽電池 |
KR20070101917A (ko) * | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 박막형 태양전지와 그의 제조방법 |
US20080006319A1 (en) * | 2006-06-05 | 2008-01-10 | Martin Bettge | Photovoltaic and photosensing devices based on arrays of aligned nanostructures |
-
2010
- 2010-09-21 WO PCT/US2010/049661 patent/WO2011035306A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-21 US US12/887,262 patent/US20110120537A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-09-21 CN CN201080048224.XA patent/CN102668115B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-21 KR KR1020127010333A patent/KR20120093892A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-09-21 TW TW099132095A patent/TWI523246B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-09-21 JP JP2012530976A patent/JP5715141B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09307130A (ja) * | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-28 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 薄膜光電材料およびそれを含む薄膜型光電変換装置 |
JP2002110550A (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-12 | Sharp Corp | 微結晶半導体薄膜および薄膜太陽電池 |
US20080078441A1 (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2008-04-03 | Dmitry Poplavskyy | Semiconductor devices and methods from group iv nanoparticle materials |
WO2008085806A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-17 | Nanogram Corporation | Nanoparticle inks based on silicon/germanium, doped particles, printing and processes for semiconductor applications |
WO2008103293A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-28 | Nanogram Corporation | Solar cell structures, photovoltaic modules and corresponding processes |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013532225A (ja) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-08-15 | ナノグラム・コーポレイション | シリコン/ゲルマニウム・ナノ粒子インク、ナノ粒子を合成するためのレーザー熱分解反応器、及び関連の方法 |
JP2019502808A (ja) * | 2015-11-03 | 2019-01-31 | カネカ アメリカズ ホールディング,インコーポレイティド | 誘電率の調整によるナノ粒子の分散安定性の制御及び界面活性剤フリーナノ粒子の固有誘電率の決定 |
JP7187316B2 (ja) | 2015-11-03 | 2022-12-12 | カネカ アメリカズ ホールディング,インコーポレイティド | 誘電率の調整によるナノ粒子の分散安定性の制御及び界面活性剤フリーナノ粒子の固有誘電率の決定 |
JP7328393B2 (ja) | 2015-11-03 | 2023-08-16 | カネカ アメリカズ ホールディング,インコーポレイティド | 誘電率の調整によるナノ粒子の分散安定性の制御及び界面活性剤フリーナノ粒子の固有誘電率の決定 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110120537A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
CN102668115A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
TW201121061A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
JP5715141B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
TWI523246B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
CN102668115B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
WO2011035306A2 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
WO2011035306A3 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
KR20120093892A (ko) | 2012-08-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5715141B2 (ja) | 薄膜太陽電池形成のためのシリコンインク、対応の方法及び太陽電池構造 | |
US9378957B2 (en) | Silicon substrates with doped surface contacts formed from doped silicon based inks and corresponding processes | |
US20140151706A1 (en) | Structures incorporating silicon nanoparticle inks, densified silicon materials from nanoparticle silicon deposits and corresponding methods | |
KR101958056B1 (ko) | 고점도 알콜 용매 및 실리콘/게르마늄계 나노입자를 포함하는 인쇄용 잉크 | |
US7704866B2 (en) | Methods for forming composite nanoparticle-metal metallization contacts on a substrate | |
CN106887384B (zh) | 掺杂剂组合物、掺杂剂注入层和掺杂层的形成方法 | |
JP2012523365A (ja) | 光起電力セル用の導体中に使用されるガラス組成物 | |
CN101828266A (zh) | Ⅳ族纳米颗粒结以及由其构成的设备 | |
KR20140120345A (ko) | 바람직한 인쇄 특성을 갖는 실리콘/게르마늄 나노입자 잉크 및 잉크의 제조방법 | |
EP2913312A1 (en) | Silver-lead-silicate glass for electroconductive paste composition | |
JP2013504177A (ja) | 光電池のための導体 | |
CN107077908B (zh) | 含有铅-钨基氧化物的厚膜糊料以及其在半导体装置制造中的用途 | |
Ali et al. | Characterization of phosphoric acid doped N-type silicon thin films printed on ITO coated PET substrate | |
TW201813116A (zh) | 帶p型擴散層的半導體基板的製造方法、帶p型擴散層的半導體基板、太陽電池元件的製造方法及太陽電池元件 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20130903 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20140114 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20140115 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20140411 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20140418 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140619 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20140715 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20141014 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20141021 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20150115 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150210 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150312 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5715141 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |