JP2013500460A - 膨張性の発熱性ゲル形成組成物 - Google Patents
膨張性の発熱性ゲル形成組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013500460A JP2013500460A JP2012522933A JP2012522933A JP2013500460A JP 2013500460 A JP2013500460 A JP 2013500460A JP 2012522933 A JP2012522933 A JP 2012522933A JP 2012522933 A JP2012522933 A JP 2012522933A JP 2013500460 A JP2013500460 A JP 2013500460A
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029663 wound healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、「Exothermic Gel with Long Lasting Heat Formation」という発明の名称で2009年7月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/228,594号;および「Expandable Exothermic Gel−Forming Compositions」という発明の名称で2010年3月19日に出願された同第61/315,807号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明のアロイ(合金)粒子は、一般に、各々が異なる酸化電位を有する2種以上の金属剤の混合物からなり、組成物の2種の成分が活性剤溶液を介して互いに電気的に接触すると、電気化学反応において一方がカソードとして働き、他方がアノードとして働くようになっている。
本発明のゲル形成組成物は、「スラッシュパウダー」、「不水溶性吸収性ヒドロゲル形成ポリマー」、「ヒドロゲル形成」ポリマーまたは「親水コロイド」とも呼ばれる、高吸水性ポリマー(SAP)を含む。水溶液と組み合わせられたときに膨張したゲルが生成されるため、SAPの使用は重要である。この水性ゲルは、比熱容量が高いため、発熱反応によって生成される、かなりの量の熱を貯蔵することができる。このためゲルは、(ゲルなしで行われる発熱反応と比較して)比較的長時間にわたって熱いままであり、加熱される物体が比較的一定の高温に保たれ得る持続時間を長くする。さらに、ゲル形成組成物は膨張し、それによって外部の物体に熱を伝達するための、より大きな表面積が得られる。
ゲル形成組成物は、SAPに加えて、ポリマーまたはプラスチックなどの少なくとも1種のバインダーを任意選択的に含む。例示的なバインダーとしては、天然樹脂、合成樹脂、ゼラチン、ゴム、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、酢酸酪酸セルロース、ポリ(ビニルピロリドン)、カゼイン、デンプン、ポリ(アクリル酸)、ポリ(メチルメタクリル酸)、ポリ(塩化ビニル)、ポリ(メタクリル酸)、スチレン−無水マレイン酸コポリマー、スチレン−アクリロニトリルコポリマー、スチレン−ブタジエンコポリマー、ポリ(ビニルアセタール)(例えば、ポリ(ビニルホルマール)およびポリ(ビニルブチラール))、ポリ(エステル)、ポリ(ウレタン)、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリ(塩化ビニリデン)、ポリ(エポキシド)、ポリ(カーボネート)、ポリ(酢酸ビニル)、ポリ(オレフィン)、セルロースエステル、およびポリ(アミド)が挙げられる。バインダーは、水または有機溶媒に溶解させた溶液またはエマルジョンとしてゲル形成組成物に添加され、公知の方法を用いて一緒に混合され得る。
発熱反応を制御し、発熱ゲルが高温に保たれる時間を延長するための1つの手法は、ガルバニックアロイ粒子またはゲル形成組成物をカプセル化して、保存期間を延長し、かつ活性化溶液に曝されたときのエネルギーの放出を制御することである。
ゲル形成組成物は、ドラムミキサー、ブラウン(braun)ミキサー、リボンブレンダー、ブレードブレンダー、V形ブレンダー、バッチ式ミキサーなどの様々な市販のミキサーおよびブレンダーのいずれかを用いて、SAPとガルバニックアロイ粒子との混合物から調製することができる。好ましいブレンダーは、ガルバニックアロイ粒子または高吸水性ポリマーを過度にせん断しないものである。用いられる機器のタイプに応じて、2種の主成分および何らかの任意選択の成分が、連続してまたは同時に混合容器に添加され、均一に混合された生成物が形成されるまで混合が行われる。
本発明の活性化溶液は、一般に、水などの水溶液である。ゲル形成組成物または活性化溶液のいずれかが、発熱反応を開始させるのに必要な少なくとも1種の電解質を含有することに留意することも重要である。本明細書に用いられる「電解質」という用語は、導電性の自由イオンを含有する物質を意味する。電解質溶液は、通常、イオン溶液であり、酸、塩基または塩の溶液として一般的に存在する。塩は、水などの水性溶媒に入れられると、その構成要素に解離する。好ましい電解質の例としては、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウムおよび塩化カルシウムが挙げられる。
本発明のゲル形成組成物は、水和されたときに膨張するゲルマトリックスを形成し、エネルギー放出とエネルギー管理との間のバランスを作り出すために有用である。これは、SAPとガルバニックアロイ粒子との一種の共生関係によってもたらされる。ゲル化可能な粒子状物質は、水を非常に速く吸収し、アロイの反応可能性を抑える。その後、水分がゲル成分からアロイ成分へと移行されるにつれて、制御された反応が起きる。この反応により、熱および水素ガスが放出され、アロイの酸化物が生成される。この熱はゲルに戻され、ゲルは、熱を空気中に逃がさずに蓄える。この相乗的な蓄熱および分配システムは、医療、治療および美容処置などの商業用途に有益な効果をもたらす。ゲル形成粒子は、水和されると膨張するため、いくつもの異なる装置のいずれかに組み込むことができ、膨潤すると求められた場所で膨張し、それを用いて発熱ゲルの均一な覆いを生成し、それによって表面積の接触を最大にし、不均一な熱の領域をなくすことができる。
ガルバニックアロイ粒子
一実施形態において、密閉したボールミル中で、2〜20重量%の鉄と80〜98重量%のマグネシウムとを一緒に混合することによって、マグネシウム−鉄粒子を調製する。ミリングの前に不活性乾燥ガスを用いて空気を抜く。生成物が均一になるまで、室温または室温に近い温度(例えば、15〜50℃)でミリングを続ける。
ゲル形成組成物
20:1〜5:1のガルバニックアロイ粒子対高吸水性ポリマーの重量比で、上述したガルバニックアロイ粒子を高吸水性ポリマーと混合する。塩化ナトリウムなどの電解質を、例えば、0.05〜10%の重量パーセントで混合物に添加する。電解質は発熱反応の触媒であるため、この割合がより高いと、より低い割合よりも高い温度が得られるであろう。
ゲル形成組成物の性能
実施例2の所与の重量の粒子状ゲル形成組成物を、重さを量った(tared)ビーカーに入れ、ビーカーを、125°Fなどの一定の温度の水浴に入れる。所与の体積の水溶液(例えば、水)をビーカーに添加する。ビーカー中の組成物の温度を1時間モニターし、例えば5分ごとの間隔で記録する。
Claims (15)
- 高吸水性ポリマーと混合されたガルバニックアロイ粒子を含む、膨張性の発熱性粒子状ゲル形成組成物であって;
前記ゲル形成組成物が、少なくとも2倍(体積/体積)に膨張し、水および電解質に曝されると少なくとも1時間にわたり熱を生成する組成物。 - 前記発熱性粒子状ゲル形成組成物が、電解質をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記電解質が、塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウムまたは塩化カルシウムを含む、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記ガルバニックアロイ粒子が、マグネシウムおよび鉄を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記発熱性粒子状ゲル形成組成物が、少なくとも1種のバインダーをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記高吸水性ポリマーが、ナトリウムポリアクリルアミドである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ゲル形成組成物が、少なくとも5倍(体積/体積)に膨張する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ゲル形成組成物が、少なくとも10倍(体積/体積)に膨張する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記発熱性粒子状ゲル形成組成物が、400g/gを超える吸収能を有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ガルバニックアロイ粒子が、2〜20重量%の鉄と80〜98重量%のマグネシウムとの混合物から形成される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- ガルバニックアロイ粒子と高吸水性ポリマーとを、重量比20:1〜5:1で混合することによって形成される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ガルバニックアロイ粒子が、ポリマーによってマイクロカプセル化される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーが、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースである、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の膨張性の発熱性粒子状ゲル形成組成物と、水性の活性剤溶液とを含むキット。
- 電解質をさらに含み、該電解質は前記発熱性粒子状ゲル形成組成物または前記水性の活性剤溶液のいずれかに含まれる、請求項12に記載のキット。
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PCT/US2010/043226 WO2011017047A1 (en) | 2009-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | Expandable exothermic gel-forming composition |
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US9816727B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
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AU2010281541A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
AU2010281541B2 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
US20180066869A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
EP3639918A1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
EP2459938A4 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
CA2804243A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
PL2459938T3 (pl) | 2020-04-30 |
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