JP2013070635A - Culture medium for culturing mushroom - Google Patents
Culture medium for culturing mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 223
- 239000002921 fermentation waste Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000103635 Lyophyllum ulmarium Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000015934 Lyophyllum ulmarium Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012737 fresh medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
本発明は、きのこ栽培用培地に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation medium.
きのこ栽培で使用した廃培地を廃棄するには環境への配慮が必要であるため、廃培地を肥料やバイオマス原料等への活用がなされている。また、きのこ栽培における生産の効率化や規模の拡大により、きのこの価格が下落している。一方、培地に用いられる原料の価格が上昇する傾向にあり、培地にかかる費用を如何にして下げられるかが問題となっている。そこで、きのこ栽培で使用した廃培地をきのこ栽培用培地として利用して、資源の有効利用だけではなく、栽培にかかるコストの削減が図られている。 Since it is necessary to consider the environment in order to discard the waste medium used in mushroom cultivation, the waste medium is used for fertilizers, biomass raw materials, and the like. In addition, the price of mushrooms has fallen due to increased production efficiency and scale expansion in mushroom cultivation. On the other hand, the price of raw materials used in the culture medium tends to increase, and there is a problem of how to reduce the cost of the culture medium. Then, the waste culture medium used by mushroom cultivation is utilized as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation, and not only effective use of resources but reduction of the cost concerning cultivation is aimed at.
きのこ栽培用培地およびその製造方法について、コーンコブ粉砕物を含むきのこ廃培地を細かく砕き、砕いた廃培地を乾燥させ、乾燥させた廃培地を未使用のきのこ培地と混合したきのこ培地の製造方法が特許文献１に開示されている。コーンコブを含む基材と栄養成分とを含む培地を使用して、きのこを栽培した後の廃培地の水分量を調整し、殺菌して得られるマッシュルーム栽培用培地が特許文献２に開示されている。 Regarding a mushroom cultivation medium and a method for producing the same, there is a method for producing a mushroom medium by finely crushing a mushroom waste medium containing pulverized corn cob, drying the crushed waste medium, and mixing the dried waste medium with an unused mushroom medium. It is disclosed in Patent Document 1. Patent Document 2 discloses a mushroom cultivation medium obtained by adjusting the water content of a waste medium after cultivating mushrooms using a medium containing a base material containing corn cob and a nutrient component, and sterilizing it. .
従来のきのこ栽培用培地について、きのこ廃培地を乾燥した乾燥廃培地を、未使用のきのこ栽培用培地と混合して新たにきのこ栽培用培地とした場合、乾燥廃培地を大量に使用するときのこの品質が低下し、傘が開きやすくなるという課題があった。また、きのこ栽培後の廃培地には栄養分が残留するが、繰り返し使用すると栄養分が少なくなって収量が落ち、長期的に安定した生産が難しいという課題もある。このため、乾燥廃培地のみを未使用のきのこ栽培用培地と混合して新たにきのこ栽培用培地として利用することは困難である。 About conventional mushroom cultivation medium When dry waste culture medium dried mushroom waste medium is mixed with unused mushroom cultivation medium to make a new mushroom cultivation medium, this is when using a large amount of dry waste medium. There was a problem that the quality was lowered and the umbrella was easy to open. Moreover, although a nutrient remains in the waste culture medium after mushroom cultivation, there is also a problem that when it is repeatedly used, the nutrient is reduced, the yield is lowered, and stable production is difficult in the long term. For this reason, it is difficult to mix only a dry waste culture medium with the unused culture medium for mushroom cultivation, and to newly use it as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation.
そこで本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、きのこ廃培地を混合したきのこ栽培用培地を使用してきのこを栽培しても品質が維持でき、繰り返して使用できるきのこ栽培用培地を提供することにある。 Therefore, the present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to maintain the quality even when cultivating mushrooms using a mushroom cultivation medium mixed with mushroom waste medium, and repeatedly. It is providing the culture medium for mushroom cultivation which can be used.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のきのこ栽培用培地は次の構成を備える。すなわち本発明は、きのこを栽培した後の廃培地を、乾燥処理して乾燥させた乾燥廃培地と、発酵処理して発酵させた発酵廃培地とを、きのこ栽培用の未使用培地と混合したきのこ栽培用培地であって、前記廃培地と前記未使用培地との合計量に対する廃培地の混合割合がそれぞれ、乾燥廃培地は１０質量％以下、発酵廃培地が１５質量％以下であることを特徴とする。この構成によれば、品質が維持でき、繰り返して使用してもきのこが安定的に生産できるきのこ栽培用培地を提供できる。また、培地が黒色を呈することを抑え、生産されたきのこの石附部分に培地が付着しても異物や汚れとして見られることがないきのこ栽培用培地を提供できる。 In order to achieve the above object, the culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention comprises the following constitution. That is, in the present invention, the waste medium after cultivating mushrooms, the dried waste medium dried by drying, and the fermentation waste medium fermented by fermentation were mixed with an unused medium for cultivation of mushrooms. It is a mushroom cultivation medium, and the mixing ratio of the waste medium to the total amount of the waste medium and the unused medium is 10% by mass or less for the dry waste medium and 15% by mass or less for the fermentation waste medium, respectively. Features. According to this structure, the culture medium for mushroom cultivation which can maintain quality and can produce a mushroom stably even if it uses repeatedly can be provided. Moreover, it can suppress that a culture medium shows black and can provide the culture medium for mushroom cultivation which is not seen as a foreign material or dirt even if a culture medium adheres to the mushroom stone attachment part produced.
前記乾燥廃培地と前記発酵廃培地の合計量が１０質量％以上となる範囲とすることで、よりきのこの収穫量が増えて、きのこ培地にかかるコストを削減することができる。 By setting the total amount of the dry waste culture medium and the fermentation waste culture medium to be 10% by mass or more, the amount of harvested mushrooms can be increased, and the cost for the mushroom culture medium can be reduced.
前記乾燥廃培地の含水率が３０質量％以下であることで、きのこ栽培に有害な菌の繁殖を抑えたきのこ栽培用培地を提供できる。 When the moisture content of the dry waste medium is 30% by mass or less, a mushroom cultivation medium that suppresses the growth of bacteria harmful to mushroom cultivation can be provided.
前記発酵廃培地の含水率が３０質量％以下であることで、腐敗せずに発酵させたきのこ栽培用培地を提供できる。 When the moisture content of the fermentation waste medium is 30% by mass or less, a mushroom cultivation medium fermented without decay can be provided.
前記廃培地および前記未使用培地がコーンコブを含む培地であることで、きのこの生育に必要な成分を含んだきのこ栽培用培地を提供できる。 Since the waste medium and the unused medium are corn cob-containing media, a mushroom culture medium containing components necessary for the growth of mushrooms can be provided.
本発明に係るきのこ栽培用培地によれば品質が維持でき、繰り返して使用してもきのこが安定的に生産できるきのこ栽培用培地を提供できる。また、きのこ廃培地を有効利用することができる。 According to the culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a culture medium for mushroom cultivation that can maintain the quality and can stably produce mushrooms even when used repeatedly. Moreover, a mushroom waste culture medium can be used effectively.
以下、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
本実施形態で使用する廃培地は、どのようなきのこを栽培した後の廃培地でも良く、より好適にはエノキタケ、ブナシメジ、エリンギ等を栽培した後の廃培地が挙げられる。 The waste medium used in the present embodiment may be any waste medium after cultivating any mushroom, and more preferably, the waste medium after cultivating enokitake mushroom, bunashimeji, eringi and the like.
本実施形態のきのこ栽培用培地は、きのこを栽培した後の廃培地を、乾燥処理して乾燥させた乾燥廃培地と、発酵処理して発酵させた発酵廃培地とを、きのこ栽培用の未使用培地と混合して、きのこ栽培用培地として再生したものである。また本実施形態のきのこ栽培用培地を用いて栽培できるきのこはどのような種類のきのこでもよく、より好適にはエノキタケ、ブナシメジ、エリンギ等である。このことから、廃培地の再生前後で、異なる種類のきのこだけではなく、同一種類のきのこを栽培することもできるきのこ栽培用培地である。 The medium for mushroom cultivation of the present embodiment comprises a waste waste medium after cultivation of mushrooms, a dry waste medium dried by drying, and a fermentation waste medium fermented by fermentation and fermentation. It is mixed with the medium used and regenerated as a medium for mushroom cultivation. In addition, mushrooms that can be cultivated using the culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present embodiment may be any kind of mushroom, more preferably enokitake mushrooms, beech shimeji mushrooms, eringi and the like. From this, it is the culture medium for mushroom cultivation which can also cultivate not only different kinds of mushrooms but also the same kind of mushrooms before and after the regeneration of the waste medium.
本実施形態のきのこ栽培用培地で１回以上きのこを栽培した廃培地であれば、きのこ栽培に使用した回数に関係なく再生させることができ、再びきのこ栽培用培地として利用することができるきのこ栽培用培地である。 If it is the waste culture medium which grew the mushroom cultivation once or more with the culture medium for mushroom cultivation of this embodiment, it can be regenerated regardless of the frequency | count used for mushroom cultivation, and it can be utilized again as a culture medium for mushroom cultivation. Medium.
培地基材にはコーンコブ、針葉樹または広葉樹のオガコ、綿実殻を単独または組み合わせて使用し、培地栄養材には、米糠、フスマ、ビートパルプ、オカラ、豆皮等を単独または組み合わせて使用できる。培地基材のｐＨを調整するためのｐＨ調整剤として、貝殻や炭酸カルシウム、消石灰、水酸化カルシウム等を加えることができる。好ましい培地のｐＨの範囲はｐＨ＝６．０〜６．２である。 Corn cob, coniferous or broad-leaved sawdust, and cottonseed husk may be used alone or in combination as the medium base material, and rice bran, bran, beet pulp, okara, bean hull, etc. may be used alone or in combination. A shell, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, calcium hydroxide, or the like can be added as a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH of the medium substrate. A preferred medium pH range is pH = 6.0-6.2.
コーンコブの混合割合は栽培するきのこの種類に合わせて適宜変更させることができ、乾燥時の培地に対して１０〜６０質量％とすることが、コストを削減できて廃培地を再生する上で好ましい。その他の材料についてもきのこの種類に合わせて適宜変更させることができる。 The mixing ratio of corn cob can be appropriately changed according to the type of mushrooms to be cultivated, and is preferably 10 to 60% by mass with respect to the culture medium at the time of drying. . Other materials can be appropriately changed according to the type of mushroom.
きのこを栽培した後の廃培地は５０％〜６０％の水分を含んでいる。更に、バクテリアや有害な菌が残存しているため、栽培ビンから取り出してそのまま放置すると変質して腐敗しやすい。このことから、廃培地の変質や腐敗を防ぐために廃培地を乾燥処理して殺菌された乾燥廃培地を製造する。乾燥して得られた乾燥廃培地の色は未使用培地の色と変わらない。 The waste medium after cultivating mushrooms contains 50% to 60% water. Furthermore, since bacteria and harmful bacteria remain, if they are taken out from the cultivation bottle and left as they are, they are easily altered and rot. From this, in order to prevent the deterioration and spoilage of the waste medium, the waste medium is dried to produce a sterilized dry waste medium. The color of the dried waste medium obtained by drying is not different from the color of the unused medium.
きのこを栽培した後の廃培地には栄養分が残存しているものの、きのこ廃培地を乾燥した乾燥廃培地を未使用のきのこ栽培用培地と混合して新たにきのこを栽培するには栄養分が不足している。このため、きのこの品質が低下し、傘が開きやすくなる。この不足分は廃培地を発酵処理して発酵させることで廃培地中の基材、栄養材の一部が分解されて新たな栄養源として補うことができる。このことから、廃培地を発酵処理して発酵させた発酵廃培地を製造する。発酵して得られた発酵廃培地の色は茶色から黒色を呈している。
ここで、きのこの品質とは、きのこの傘の大きさや揃い、形状、色、乾き等であり、他にも茎の形状、硬さ等のことである。
Nutrients remain in the waste medium after cultivating mushrooms, but there is not enough nutrients to cultivate new mushrooms by mixing dried waste medium dried mushroom waste medium with unused mushroom cultivation medium doing. For this reason, the quality of a mushroom falls and it becomes easy to open an umbrella. This deficiency can be supplemented as a new nutrient source by subjecting the waste medium to fermentation and fermenting to decompose part of the base material and nutrients in the waste medium. From this, the fermentation waste culture medium which fermented and processed the waste culture medium is manufactured. The color of the fermentation waste medium obtained by fermentation is brown to black.
Here, mushroom quality refers to the size, alignment, shape, color, dryness, etc. of the mushroom umbrella, as well as the shape, hardness, etc. of the stem.
発酵処理させた廃培地には新たに培地栄養材を加える必要がなく、更に未使用培地にも製造時に加えたときの割合以上の栄養材を加える必要がない。このことは、乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地と未使用培地を混合した本実施形態のきのこ栽培用培地では新たに栄養材を混合して培地を調整する必要がないということである。 It is not necessary to newly add a medium nutrient to the fermented waste medium, and it is not necessary to add a nutrient more than the ratio when added to an unused medium at the time of manufacture. This means that the medium for mushroom cultivation of the present embodiment in which the dry waste medium, the fermentation waste medium, and the unused medium are mixed does not need to be newly mixed with nutrients to adjust the medium.
製造した乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地とをきのこ栽培用の未使用培地と混合することで、品質が維持でき、繰り返して使用してもきのこの安定的生産が可能なきのこ栽培用培地を製造できる。使用する廃培地と未使用培地の質量はそれぞれ含水率０％の時の質量に換算し、混合割合はこの時の質量を基準として計算したものである。 By mixing the produced dry waste medium and fermentation waste medium with an unused medium for mushroom cultivation, the quality can be maintained, and a mushroom cultivation medium capable of stable production of mushrooms can be produced even when used repeatedly. . The masses of the waste medium and the unused medium to be used are each converted to the mass when the water content is 0%, and the mixing ratio is calculated based on the mass at this time.
乾燥・発酵廃培地と未使用培地との総量に対する混合割合は、乾燥廃培地が１０質量％以下であることが好ましい。これは、乾燥廃培地を１０質量％より多く混合すると、きのこの品質が落ちやすくなるためである。 The mixing ratio of the dry / fermented waste medium and the unused medium is preferably 10% by mass or less for the dry waste medium. This is because the quality of mushrooms tends to deteriorate when the dry waste medium is mixed in an amount of more than 10% by mass.
発酵廃培地が１５質量％以下であることが好ましい。これは、発酵廃培地を１５質量％より多く混合すると、乾燥・発酵廃培地と未使用培地との混合培地の黒色度が増すためである。発酵して黒味が増した混合培地を使用すると、色がきのこに移ったり、発酵廃培地の一部がきのこに付着して見た目が悪くなったりすることがある。また、発酵廃培地の混合量を１５質量％より多く混合すると外観が悪くなる以外にも、品質が落ちやすくなり、収量がほぼ一定となって増加しなくなることも挙げられる。更に２０質量％より多く混合すると収量が減り始め、２５質量％では新品の培地と同程度に減収となる。このため乾燥廃培地は１０質量％以下、発酵廃培地が１５質量％以下で各廃培地を混合するのが好ましく、培地のコストを考慮すると乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地の合計量が１０質量％以上となる範囲でそれぞれの廃培地を混合するのがより好ましい。また、発酵廃培地の混合量を乾燥廃培地の混合量以上に多くすると収量が未使用培地と比較して増えるのでより好ましい。 It is preferable that a fermentation waste culture medium is 15 mass% or less. This is because when the fermentation waste medium is mixed more than 15% by mass, the blackness of the mixed medium of the dry / fermentation waste medium and the unused medium increases. If a mixed medium that has been fermented to increase the blackness is used, the color may be transferred to mushrooms, or a part of the fermentation waste medium may adhere to the mushrooms and look bad. Moreover, when the mixing amount of the fermentation waste medium is more than 15% by mass, in addition to the appearance being deteriorated, the quality is liable to deteriorate, and the yield becomes almost constant and does not increase. Further, when the amount exceeds 20% by mass, the yield starts to decrease, and at 25% by mass, the yield decreases to the same extent as a new medium. For this reason, it is preferable to mix each waste medium with a dry waste medium of 10% by mass or less and a fermentation waste medium of 15% by mass or less, and considering the cost of the medium, the total amount of the dry waste medium and the fermentation waste medium is 10% by mass. It is more preferable to mix each waste culture medium in the above range. Further, it is more preferable to increase the mixing amount of the fermentation waste medium more than the mixing amount of the dry waste medium because the yield increases as compared with the unused medium.
廃培地を乾燥させるには種々の方法がある。その中の１つに乾燥機を用いて熱風乾燥させる方法がある。乾燥廃培地を製造する工程は、乾燥後の乾燥廃培地に含まれる水分の割合を調整し、含水率が３０質量％以下になるまで乾燥させる工程である。廃培地を撹拌させながら、３００〜６００℃の熱風を送り、焦げないように廃培地の温度を上げて１００℃以下保って廃培地中の水分を蒸発させて乾燥させる。乾燥させる量にもよるが、１５〜３０分で乾燥できる。また、熱風を送ることで殺菌もできるので、乾燥廃培地中の含水率を３０質量％以下になるようにすれば、変質を防ぐことができる。乾燥方法は乾燥廃培地中の含水率を３０質量％以下にさせることができれば、特に限定されるものではないが、熱風乾燥の場合は乾燥時間が短く、コストが削減できて効率的であるので好ましい。乾燥廃培地の含水率が１０％より少ない場合は品質や収量には影響がないが、培地材料が微粉末で粉塵となってしまうので乾燥させにくく、更に乾燥にかかるコストが増えることもあるので、好ましくは含水率が１０〜３０質量％になるようにすればよい。 There are various methods for drying the waste medium. One of them is a method of drying with hot air using a dryer. The process of manufacturing a dry waste culture medium is a process of adjusting the ratio of the water | moisture content contained in the dry waste culture medium after drying, and making it dry until a moisture content will be 30 mass% or less. While stirring the waste medium, hot air of 300 to 600 ° C. is sent to raise the temperature of the waste medium so as not to burn and keep it at 100 ° C. or less to evaporate moisture in the waste medium and dry it. Although it depends on the amount to be dried, it can be dried in 15-30 minutes. Moreover, since it can also sterilize by sending hot air, alteration can be prevented if the moisture content in the dry waste medium is 30% by mass or less. The drying method is not particularly limited as long as the moisture content in the dry waste medium can be reduced to 30% by mass or less. However, in the case of hot air drying, the drying time is short and the cost can be reduced, which is efficient. preferable. If the moisture content of the dry waste medium is less than 10%, the quality and yield will not be affected, but the medium material will become fine powder and dust, making it difficult to dry and further increasing the cost of drying. The water content is preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
廃培地を発酵させるには種々の方法がある。その中の１つに好気性発酵により発酵させる方法がある。収穫後の廃培地には水分が５５〜６０質量％含まれていて、６０質量％付近が最も発酵に適した水分である。このため、含水率が少ない場合は水を加えて６０質量％程度に調整してから発酵させ、発酵工程中の水分不足を防ぐ。好気性発酵により１〜２ヶ月程度の発酵と熟成期間をかけて製造された発酵廃培地は、含水率が３０質量％以下に低下する。発酵期間が１ヶ月より短いときのこの収量が減る。また、発酵廃培地の含水率が１０％より少ない場合は品質や収量には影響がないが、コストおよび粉塵問題のため自然乾燥で１０質量％より少なくするには難しく、３０質量％より多いと他の資材と混合した場合、変質しやすくなる。 There are various methods for fermenting a waste medium. One of them is a method of fermenting by aerobic fermentation. The waste medium after harvesting contains 55 to 60% by mass of water, and around 60% by mass is the most suitable water for fermentation. For this reason, when there is little moisture content, it ferments after adding water and adjusting to about 60 mass%, and prevents the water shortage in a fermentation process. The fermented waste medium produced by aerobic fermentation over about 1 to 2 months of fermentation and aging period has a water content of 30% by mass or less. This yield is reduced when the fermentation period is shorter than one month. In addition, when the water content of the fermentation waste medium is less than 10%, the quality and yield are not affected, but due to cost and dust problems, it is difficult to reduce to less than 10% by natural drying, and if it exceeds 30% by mass. When mixed with other materials, it becomes easy to change quality.
発酵廃培地を製造する工程では、廃培地を堆積後にエアレーションによって好気性醗酵を促進させている。廃培地を混合槽に入れ、混合槽内で廃培地の含水率を６０質量％程度となるように加水して調整し、１次発酵槽へ移槽させる。発酵槽は複数個の発酵槽を用いることで、廃培地を切り返しながら移槽させることができ、それぞれの発酵槽で発酵を行うことができる。発酵回数は特に限定されないが、発酵を複数回行うが好ましく、例えば１次発酵槽から７次発酵槽まで移槽させて発酵を７回行い、それぞれ８〜１１日間発酵させ、切り返しながら順次移槽させる。空気量が十分確保され、温度が上がる環境であるか、日数を長くとれる環境であれば４〜５回でも可能である。この期間中に廃培地を好気性発酵させて、熟成させる。発酵期間中は一時的に廃培地の温度が最大で７０℃まで上昇し、発酵が終わると３０℃近くまで温度が下がる。熟成後は目開きが１０ｍｍ間隔の篩を用いて培地を選別する。複数の発酵槽を用い、発酵槽から別の発酵槽に移して切り返しを行うことで、空気が入り発酵を促進すると共に水分が蒸発されて乾燥する。このため、複数回の発酵を行うことが好ましい。各槽底部をエア配管してエアレーションによる熟成発酵を促進させる。発酵させるために菌類や微生物は必要ないが、臭気を軽減させるためなど環境等の問題で使用することもできる。発酵方法は特に限定されるものではなく、エアレーションによる好気性醗酵以外の方法でもよい。 In the step of producing the fermentation waste medium, aerobic fermentation is promoted by aeration after the waste medium is deposited. The waste medium is put into a mixing tank, and the water content of the waste medium is adjusted by adding water in the mixing tank to about 60% by mass, and transferred to the primary fermenter. By using a plurality of fermenters, the fermenter can be transferred while turning back the waste medium, and fermentation can be performed in each fermenter. The number of times of fermentation is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform the fermentation a plurality of times. For example, the fermentation is carried out 7 times by transferring from the primary fermenter to the 7th fermenter, each fermenting for 8 to 11 days, and sequentially transferring while turning over. Let It can be performed 4 to 5 times as long as the air volume is sufficiently secured and the temperature is increased or the environment can take a long time. During this period, the waste medium is aerobically fermented and aged. During the fermentation period, the temperature of the waste medium temporarily rises to a maximum of 70 ° C, and when the fermentation is finished, the temperature drops to nearly 30 ° C. After ripening, the medium is selected using a sieve with an opening of 10 mm. By using a plurality of fermenters and transferring them from one fermenter to another fermenter and turning them back, air enters and promotes fermentation, and moisture is evaporated and dried. For this reason, it is preferable to perform fermentation several times. Aging fermentation by aeration is promoted by air piping at the bottom of each tank. Fungi and microorganisms are not required for fermentation, but they can also be used for environmental problems such as to reduce odor. The fermentation method is not particularly limited, and a method other than aerobic fermentation by aeration may be used.
乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地との混合方法は特に限定されるものではない。 The mixing method of a dry waste culture medium and a fermentation waste culture medium is not specifically limited.
未使用培地は、コーンコブを主原料とするものであり、かつｐＨが６．０〜６．２の範囲となればどのような種類でもよく、オガコを主原料とするものでも可能である。更にきのこの種類に合わせて培地栄養材を過不足とならないように加えることができる。 The unused medium is corn cob as a main raw material and may be of any kind as long as the pH is in the range of 6.0 to 6.2. Furthermore, according to the type of mushrooms, medium nutrients can be added so as not to become excessive or deficient.
乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地とを未使用廃培地と混合したきのこ栽培用培地できのこを栽培するには、今までのきのこと同じ栽培方法で栽培することができる。 In order to cultivate mushrooms with a dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium mixed with an unused waste medium, the same cultivation method can be used to grow mushrooms.
（実施例１）エノキタケ栽培後の廃培地を用いたエノキタケの栽培例と比較例
培地には、培地基材として５ｍｍ以下になるように粉砕したコーンコブの粉砕物を１０〜４０質量％の範囲で加えた。その他の原材料は、米糠、ふすま、ビートパルプ、おから、豆皮、カキ殻等であり、水分を加えて混合し、培地の初期ｐＨの範囲がｐＨ＝６．０〜６．２となるように調製した。
(Example 1) Example of enokitake cultivation using waste medium after enokitake cultivation and comparative example In the medium, the corn cob pulverized product was crushed so as to be 5 mm or less as a medium base material in a range of 10 to 40% by mass. added. Other raw materials are rice bran, bran, beet pulp, okara, bean husk, oyster shell, etc., mixed with water, so that the initial pH range of the medium is pH = 6.0-6.2 Prepared.
８５０ｃｃの栽培ビンに含水率を６８質量％に調製した培地を６２０ｇ詰め込み、培地に植菌孔を開けて施栓して殺菌、放冷後種菌を接種した。次に、菌糸をビン内の培地全体に蔓延させて培養を完了させた。その後、菌掻き、芽出し工程を経て、抑制室に移動させて抑制し、生育後期に紙巻きを行い、エノキタケを収穫した。 An 850 cc cultivation bottle was filled with 620 g of a medium adjusted to a water content of 68% by mass, inoculated with a hole for inoculation, sterilized, allowed to cool, and then inoculated with the inoculum. Next, the mycelium was spread throughout the medium in the bottle to complete the culture. Then, after passing through the fungus scraping and budding processes, they were moved to the inhibition room for inhibition, and paper-wrapped at the later stage of growth to harvest enokitake.
エノキタケ収穫後の栽培ビンから使用済みの廃培地を掻き出し、この廃培地を使用して乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地を作製した。乾燥廃培地は、エノキタケ栽培後の廃培地を３００〜６００℃の熱風を送り、含水率が１０〜３０質量％になるまで乾燥させて乾燥廃培地を作製した。発酵廃培地は、エアレーションによって好気性醗酵を促進して発酵廃培地を作製した。混合槽内で廃培地の含水率を６０質量％前後となるように調整し、１次発酵槽へ移槽させた。廃培地を切り返して空気を送り、各発酵槽で８〜１１日間、７次発酵槽まで移槽させて発酵を７回行った。各発酵槽ではエアレーションにより廃培地を熟成させて完全に発酵したものを使用した。熟成後は目開きが１０ｍｍ間隔の篩を用いて培地を篩分けした。 The spent waste medium was scraped from the cultivation bin after harvesting the enokitake mushroom, and a dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium were prepared using the waste medium. As the dry waste medium, the waste medium after enokitake mushroom cultivation was dried by sending hot air at 300 to 600 ° C. until the water content became 10 to 30% by mass to prepare a dry waste medium. The fermentation waste medium was prepared by promoting aerobic fermentation by aeration. The water content of the waste medium was adjusted to be around 60% by mass in the mixing tank and transferred to the primary fermentation tank. The waste culture medium was turned over and air was sent, and each fermentor was transferred to the 7th fermentor for 8 to 11 days, and fermentation was performed 7 times. In each fermenter, a fermented medium was aged by aeration and completely fermented. After aging, the culture medium was sieved using a sieve with openings of 10 mm.
乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地の混合比、混合量を変えて未使用培地と混合し、この培地を用いてエノキタケを栽培して、菌回りと生育にかかった日数、エノキタケの収量と品質を調査した。また比較として、発酵廃培地のみ、乾燥廃培地のみを混合した培地を用いてエノキタケを栽培し、同様に調査した。調査結果を表１に示す。品質はＡＡを最優、Ａを優、Ｂを良とし、Ａ以上であれば品質が優れて維持されているものとした。 Change the mixing ratio and amount of dry waste medium and fermentation waste medium and mix with unused medium. Cultivate enokitake using this medium and examine the number of days around the fungus and growth, and yield and quality of enokitake. did. For comparison, enokitake mushrooms were cultivated using a culture medium in which only a fermentation waste medium alone and a dry waste medium alone were mixed. The survey results are shown in Table 1. As for the quality, AA is the best, A is excellent, B is good, and if it is A or higher, the quality is excellently maintained.
乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地を１：１の質量比で未使用培地に加えて混合した培地を用いてエノキタケを栽培したところ、乾燥廃培地１０質量％、発酵廃培地１０質量％以下では菌回りと生育日数は短くなり、収量は増加し、品質は維持された。しかし、乾燥廃培地１５質量％、発酵廃培地１５質量％として栽培したところ、収量および品質がいずれも低下した。また、乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地の混合比を変え、発酵廃培地の混合割合を大きくして、乾燥廃培地は０質量％より大きく１０質量％以下、発酵廃培地が０質量％より大きく１５質量％以下となる範囲で栽培したところ収量は増加し、品質は同程度であった。一方、乾燥廃培地の混合割合を大きくしたところ、培地色はほぼ新品と同じ色であったが、収量は未使用培地のみと比べてあまり変わらず、品質の大きな低下はなかった。しかし、乾燥廃培地が１０質量％を超えると、収量および品質は低下した。 When enokitake mushrooms were cultivated using a culture medium in which a dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium were added to an unused medium in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the fungus was used at 10% by weight of the dry waste medium and 10% by weight or less of the fermentation waste medium. And the growing days became shorter, the yield increased, and the quality was maintained. However, when cultivated as 15% by mass of dry waste medium and 15% by mass of fermentation waste medium, the yield and quality both decreased. Further, the mixing ratio of the dry waste medium and the fermented waste medium is changed, and the mixing ratio of the fermented waste medium is increased, so that the dry waste medium is greater than 0% by mass and 10% by mass or less, and the fermentation waste medium is greater than 0% by mass. When cultivated within the range of less than mass%, the yield increased and the quality was comparable. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the dry waste medium was increased, the medium color was almost the same as that of the new medium, but the yield was not much different from that of the unused medium alone, and the quality was not greatly reduced. However, when the dry waste medium exceeded 10% by mass, the yield and quality decreased.
乾燥・発酵廃培地と未使用培地との総量に対して発酵廃培地が１５質量％となるよう発酵廃培地を添加し、更に乾燥廃培地を０質量％より大きく１０質量％以下の範囲で変えて混合した培地を用いてエノキタケを栽培したところ、未使用培地だけと比べてきのこの傘の巻きこみが良く、乾いていて固く、肉質がしまったきのことなり、収量も５〜１０％増えた。原因として、発酵、熟成によって廃培地の栄養がきのこに吸収されやすく変化したためと考えられる。しかし、発酵廃培地を２０質量％と乾燥廃培地を添加した培地では培地の色が黒くなりやすく、石附に付着した培地が汚れとして見えた。そこで、発酵廃培地の使用量を１０％に落として栽培してみたところ、色の心配はまったく感じられなく、更に品質、収量共に通常培地に比べ大きく上回った。また、乾燥・発酵廃培地の合計混合量が１０質量％より少ない量では、栽培コストを低く抑えることができなかった。 The fermentation waste medium is added so that the fermentation waste medium becomes 15% by mass with respect to the total amount of the dry / fermented waste medium and the unused medium, and the dry waste medium is changed within a range of 0% to 10% by mass. When enokitake mushrooms were cultivated using the mixed medium, the umbrella was better wrapped than the fresh medium alone, and it was dry and hard, and the meat quality was reduced, and the yield increased by 5-10%. This is probably because the nutrients in the waste medium were easily absorbed by mushrooms due to fermentation and aging. However, in the culture medium to which 20% by mass of the fermentation waste medium and the dry waste medium were added, the color of the medium was likely to be black, and the medium adhering to Ishitsuki appeared as dirt. Therefore, when cultivation was carried out with the use amount of the fermentation waste medium reduced to 10%, there was no concern about the color, and the quality and yield were much higher than the normal medium. Moreover, the cultivation cost could not be kept low when the total mixed amount of the dry / fermented waste medium was less than 10% by mass.
未使用培地に乾燥廃培地のみを添加して混合した培地を用いてエノキタケを栽培したところ培地色は新品と同様な色を呈していて問題ないが、収量、品質が共に低下した。 When enokitake mushrooms were cultivated using a medium in which only a dry waste medium was added to an unused medium and mixed, the medium color showed the same color as the new one, but there was no problem, but the yield and quality both decreased.
（実施例２）ブナシメジ栽培後の廃培地を用いたブナシメジの栽培例およびエリンギ栽培後の廃培地を用いたエリンギの栽培例
ブナシメジの培地には、培地基材として５ｍｍ以下になるように粉砕したコーンコブの粉砕物を１０〜５０質量％の範囲で加え、エリンギの培地には、１０〜６０質量％の範囲で加えた。その他の原料は割合が異なるものの、エノキタケの培地で使用したものと同じである。８５０ｃｃの栽培ビンに含水率をブナシメジは６５．５質量％に、エリンギは６７質量％に調製した培地を詰め込み、栽培は一般的な方法で行い、ブナシメジまたはエリンギを収穫した。廃培地から乾燥廃培地および発酵廃培地を作製する方法はエノキタケの栽培と同じである。
(Example 2) Cultivation example of buna shimeji using a waste medium after cultivation of beech shimeji and culturing example of eringi using a waste medium after cultivation of eringi Corn ground grind was added in the range of 10-50% by mass, and added to the eringi medium in the range of 10-60% by mass. The other raw materials are the same as those used in the enokitake mushroom medium, although in different proportions. A 850 cc cultivation bottle was packed with a medium containing 65.5% by mass of bunashimeji and 67% by mass of eringi, and cultivation was performed by a general method to harvest bunashimeji or eringi. The method for producing a dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium from the waste medium is the same as that for enokitake.
ブナシメジの廃培地を用いて作製した乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地の混合比、混合量を変えて未使用培地と混合し、ブナシメジを栽培して培養、菌回りおよび生育の日数、ブナシメジの収量と品質を調査した。同様にエリンギの廃培地を用いて栽培したエリンギの収量と品質を調査した。調査結果を表２に示す。 Change the mixing ratio of dry waste medium and fermentation waste medium produced using waste culture medium of buna shimeji, change the mixing amount and mix with unused medium, grow bun shimeji and culture, number of days around and growth, yield of buna shimeji The quality was investigated. Similarly, the yield and quality of eringi cultivated using eringi waste medium were investigated. The survey results are shown in Table 2.
乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地を１：１の質量比で未使用培地に加えて混合した培地を用いてブナシメジ、エリンギをそれぞれ栽培したところ、乾燥廃培地１０質量％、発酵廃培地１０質量％では菌回りと生育日数は短くなり、収量は大きく増加して品質は維持された。 Buna shimeji and eringi were cultivated using a culture medium in which a dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium were added to an unused medium at a mass ratio of 1: 1 and mixed. As a result, 10% by mass of the dry waste medium and 10% by mass of the fermentation waste medium were obtained. Bacteria and growth days were shortened, yield was greatly increased, and quality was maintained.
（実施例３）繰り返し栽培試験
きのこを栽培した廃培地から乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地を作製し、未使用廃培地と混合して再びきのこを栽培し、これを栽培回数２回目とした。次にきのこを２回栽培した廃培地から再び乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地を作製し、きのこ栽培を繰り返して繰り返し栽培による、きのこの収量と品質を調査した。その結果、３回栽培した廃培地を使用しても品質は変わらず、収量の減少は見られなかった。また、きのこを３回栽培した後の廃培地を乾燥または発酵させて作製した乾燥廃培地と発酵廃培地を用いて、合計量が培地全体の２０質量％以内となるように廃培地を未使用培地と混合して混合培地を作製した。この培地を用いてきのこを栽培したところ、収量および品質が維持され、更に繰り返し使用しても良質なきのこが得られ、長期的に安定した生産が可能であった。
(Example 3) Repeated cultivation test A dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium were prepared from a waste medium in which mushrooms were cultivated, mixed with an unused waste medium, and mushrooms were cultivated again. This was the second cultivation. Next, a dry waste medium and a fermentation waste medium were produced again from the waste medium in which mushrooms were cultivated twice, and the yield and quality of the mushrooms were investigated by repeating the mushroom cultivation. As a result, the quality did not change even when the waste medium cultivated three times was used, and the yield was not reduced. In addition, using a waste waste medium and a fermentation waste medium produced by drying or fermenting the waste medium after cultivating mushrooms three times, the waste medium is unused so that the total amount is within 20% by mass of the whole medium A mixed medium was prepared by mixing with the medium. When this medium was used to grow mushrooms, the yield and quality were maintained, and even when used repeatedly, good quality mushrooms were obtained, and stable production was possible over the long term.
Claims (5)
前記廃培地と前記未使用培地との合計量に対する廃培地の混合割合がそれぞれ、乾燥廃培地は１０質量％以下、発酵廃培地が１５質量％以下であることを特徴とするきのこ栽培用培地。 A mushroom cultivation medium in which the waste medium after cultivation of mushrooms is dried and dried, and the fermentation waste medium fermented by fermentation is mixed with an unused medium for mushroom cultivation. There,
The mixing ratio of the waste culture medium with respect to the total amount of the waste culture medium and the unused culture medium is 10% by mass or less for the dry waste culture medium and 15% by mass or less for the fermentation waste culture medium, respectively.
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| CN104584876A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom cultivation method |
| CN106171518A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 泰州弘成食用菌农业合作社 | A kind of method that straw and Waste compost prepare Pleurotus geesteranus |
| JP2020080707A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-04 | 国立大学法人信州大学 | Method for producing fermented product |
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| JPH08308378A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1996-11-26 | Nagano Kida Kogyo Kk | Cultivation of mushroom |
| JPH10323122A (en) * | 1997-05-26 | 1998-12-08 | Hokuto Sangyo Kk | Production of mushroom medium |
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| CN104584876A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom cultivation method |
| CN106171518A (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-07 | 泰州弘成食用菌农业合作社 | A kind of method that straw and Waste compost prepare Pleurotus geesteranus |
| JP2020080707A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-04 | 国立大学法人信州大学 | Method for producing fermented product |
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