JP2012520829A - チロフィバンの経皮用医薬製剤および投与 - Google Patents
チロフィバンの経皮用医薬製剤および投与 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012520829A JP2012520829A JP2012500012A JP2012500012A JP2012520829A JP 2012520829 A JP2012520829 A JP 2012520829A JP 2012500012 A JP2012500012 A JP 2012500012A JP 2012500012 A JP2012500012 A JP 2012500012A JP 2012520829 A JP2012520829 A JP 2012520829A
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- tirofiban
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- transdermal
- drug delivery
- dose
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
(1)マトリックスタイプパッチ;(2)リザーバタイプパッチ;(3)モノリシック・薬物・イン・接着剤タイプパッチ;および(4)マルチラミネート・薬物・イン・粘着性タイプパッチ;何れか1または1以上を含む。
10μg/kg/時間x100kgx24時間=24mg/日
25μg/kgx100kg=2.5mgボーラス。
態様において、チロフィバンまたはそれの塩は経皮用パッチによって投与され得る。「経皮」は、薬物の有効な治療学的な血中レベルを達成するために皮膚を介する血流中への薬物の通過を指す。そのために、パッチは、患者の皮膚または粘膜組織と接触し、治療学的なレベルのチロフィバンまたはその塩を送達する能力を有する。
以下は本発明を実行するための具体的な態様の例である。その例は説明の目的のためのみに提示され、何れの点においても本発明の範囲を制限することを意図しない。
エチレン酢酸ビニルコポリマー(1kg、40wt%の酢酸ビニル)を、ロッセ内部ミキシングボウル(Model PVM−2 or PD−2, Charles Ross & Sons Co., Hauppauge, N.Y.)のホッパーに計量する。ボウルは、ブラベンダーミキシングボウル(モデルR.E.O.−6)(C.W.Brabenderインストルメンツ社、サウスハッケンサック(N.J.))の駆動ユニットに接続される。溶解が追加ペレットから得られるまで(約0.5時間)、ボウルの頂部は閉じられ、ミキサーが加熱せずに操作される。終了時に、ユニットは停止され、蓋が開かれる。チロフィバン(450gm)をボウルに加える。蓋を閉じた後、ユニットはコポリマーのチロフィバンの分散を達成するためにエネルギーが与えられる(0.5時間)。混合物はミキサーから取り除かれ、更なる使用のために格納される。
例は、連続的なフィーダ押出機(Kneader extruder (Model MKS 30) Coperion Corp., Ramsey N.J.のような)の使用を示す。固体の接着剤(溶解進行可能なアクリル酸塩、例えばSEBS(スチレン−エチレン/ブチレン−スチレン)ポリマーKraton SEBS G1657、Kraton Polymers, Houston, Tex.から、のような)が、ホッパーに連続的に供給され、同時にチロフィバンベースが押出機上の第2のホッパーに供給される。ポリマーに対する接着剤の比率は4:1である。押出されたフィルムは、シリコーン化されたポリエステル(3ミル)とポリエステル/ポリエチレン(2ミル)を含むバッキングフィルムの間の押出ダイから,約6.5インチで0.125の厚さ,+/−0.0125mmに下流にカレンダーにかけられる。システムは、約5cm2から約50cm2の範囲の面積に打ち抜かれる。
チロフィバン血中濃度レベル変化を改善するために、速度制御膜はチロフィバン放出を規制するために製造でき、チロフィバンリザーバとアクリル酸塩層の間に配置できる。望ましい割合に依存して、約0.05mmの厚さで、5〜20%の酢酸ビニルのEVAフィルムが挿入できる。
異なる濃度の透過エンハンサーを含む経皮用パッチからのチロフィバンの透過は、フランツ拡散細胞(ハンソン研究によって生産された)においてマウス皮膚およびヒトの皮膚を横切って測定された。
腹部皮膚のサンプルは外科的処置によって同じドナーから得られる。
患者はPCIを受けるために病院に入院する。外科手術に先立って2〜3時間、患者は例1の経皮用パッチAを用いてチロフィバンの初期の経皮的用量を与えられる。パッチは、0.2mg/hr以上の送達速度、約2mg以上の総用量で提供される。約1時間の後、血小板機能分析は患者の血小板抑制のレベルを測定するために経皮的力価決定キットの説明書および成分に従ってなされる。もし、適切であれば、追加のパッチは患者に投与されない。もし、血小板抑制が望ましいパーセンテージに達していなければ、次に追加の経皮的用量は望ましいパーセント抑制が達成されるまで患者に投与される。
寸法および用量の力価を変える一連の7つのパッチは例1(パッチB)の一般な方法を用いて調製される。パッチは、皮膚を横切るチロフィバン透過の約100g/時間(100μg/時間から700μg/時間までの範囲)に相当する各増加を除けば、3cm2の増加、3cm2から21cm2までの寸法で増加する。
60歳、92kg、以前に移植されたステントを有する患者は、脳梗塞の予防、心臓発作および血餅に関する他の現象のためにクロピドグレル(clopidogrel)を毎日服用しているが、心血管の条件と無関係な胃の外科手術が必要とされ、外科手術中および後に危険な量の出血を防ぐために外科手術前の7日間、クロピドグレルを中止する。
経皮冠状動脈インターベンションが予定される少なくとも200人の患者を登録する第II相研究は、経皮用チロフィバンと経皮冠状動脈インターベンション(PCI)を受ける患者における静脈内チロフィバンとの臨床的有効性を比較するために設計されている。登録された患者は、2つの治療群のうちの1つに無作為化される。治療群Aは、静脈内チロフィバンボーラス(即ち、25μg/kg)を受け、続いて静脈内チロフィバン注入(即ち、0.15μg/kg/分)を受ける。治療群Bは、静脈内チロフィバンボーラスを受け、続いて、望ましい血小板抑制量(この場合、血小板凝集の>90%の抑制)に従って、例2において決定された通りのチロフィバンの経皮的用量を受ける。
Claims (33)
- 第一の側面に接着剤が被覆されたシート材と、
前記シート材の第二の側面と接触し、前記シート材を経て少なくとも部分的に前記第一の側面にまで受動的に拡散できる医薬成分と、
柔軟なバッキングと、
を含む経皮用薬物送達システムであって、
当該柔軟なバッキングと、当該接着剤を被覆されたシート材とが、前記医薬成分を含むポケットを形成し;
当該医薬成分は、当該柔軟なバッキングを経て受動的に拡散できず;
当該医薬成分が、チロフィバンまたはその塩若しくは水和物を含み;および
前記接着剤を被覆されたシート材における接着剤が、患者の皮膚への付着を可能にする、
経皮用薬物送達システム。 - 更に、皮膚浸透デバイスまたは皮膚浸透エンハンサーを含む請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該皮膚透過または皮膚浸透エンハンサーが当該ポケット内に位置される請求項2の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該皮膚透過または皮膚浸透エンハンサーが当該接着剤を被覆されたシート材上、または当該接着剤を被覆されたシート材内に位置される請求項2に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該皮膚透過または皮膚浸透エンハンサーが、患者に対して意図された用量の送達を増強する様式において当該活性医薬成分で被覆または当該活性医薬成分を含浸されている、請求項2に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該皮膚透過または皮膚浸透エンハンサーがN−メチル−2−ピロリドン、オレイン酸、C8−C22脂肪族アルコール、ソルビタンエステル、リノール酸およびリノール酸イソプロピルからなる群より選択される請求項2に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 更に、前記ポケット内にキャリア材を含む請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該キャリア材が、液体、ゲル、溶媒、液体希釈剤および可溶化剤から選択される請求項6に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該キャリア材が、水、鉱油、シリコーン、無機ゲル、水性乳剤、液糖、ワックス、ワセリン、油および高分子材料からなる群より選択される請求項6に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- (1)柔軟なバッキング、および
(2)(a)アクリル接着性ポリマーと、(b)感圧接着性コーティングの総重量の約1〜50重量%の量のチロフィバンとの均一混合物を含む感圧接着剤コーティング
を含む接着剤を被覆されたシート材。 - 前記アクリル接着性ポリマーが、アルキルアルコールの疎水性モノマーアクリル酸エステルおよび/またはメタクリル酸エステルを含み、前記アルキルアルコールが約2〜10の炭素原子を含む、請求項9に記載の接着剤を被覆されたシート材。
- 1または1以上のバッキング層、
マトリックス層
を含む経皮用パッチであって、
当該マトリックス層が、ポリマーマトリックス材およびチロフィバンまたはその塩若しくは水和物を前記ポリマーマトリックス材内部の溶液または懸濁液中に含む経皮用パッチ。 - 当該ポリマーマトリックス材が、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドンおよびゼラチンからなる群より1または1以上で選択される、請求項6に記載の経皮用パッチ。
- 当該医薬成分が、エプチフィバチドまたはその塩若しくは水和物を含む請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該経皮用パッチが、チロフィバンまたはその塩若しくは水和物を約0.10μg/kg/分に相当する速度で送達する、請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 当該経皮用パッチが、チロフィバンまたはその塩若しくは水和物を約0.15μg/kg/分に相当する速度で送達する、請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- チロフィバンを含み、患者に付着することが可能であり、患者に付着された時に、前記患者に対してチロフィバンを送達することができる、経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 更に、投与の力価決定のためのシステムを含む請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- 前記投与の力価決定のためのシステムが、複数の穿孔を有する、または複数の穿孔を有さない、複数のサブパッチへの薬物送達システムの分配である、請求項16に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- (a)血小板機能アッセイ、血小板反応性アッセイおよび受容体占有アッセイからなる群より選ばれたアッセイ;
(b)前記アッセイの結果に基づいて投与の力価を決定するためのチャートまたはツール;および
(c)請求項17〜19の何れか1に記載の経皮用送達システム
を具備するキット。 - 当該アッセイが血小板機能アッセイである請求項20に記載のキット。
- (a)チロフィバンの基礎用量を投与すること;
(b)アッセイを利用して血小板抑制レベルを測定すること;
(c)前記アッセイの結果に基づいてチロフィバンを延長された期間、調整された用量を投与すること;
(d)任意に、一定の間隔で工程(b)および(c)を繰り返すこと;
を含む、血小板抑制に有効な量のチロフィバンを投与する方法。 - 前記アッセイが血小板機能アッセイ、血小板反応性アッセイおよび受容体占有アッセイからなる群より選択される請求項22の方法。
- 当該チロフィバンの基礎用量が、請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム、請求項10に記載の接着剤を被覆されたシート材、請求項12に記載の経皮用パッチまたは静脈内に投与されるボーラス用量を使用して投与される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 当該チロフィバンの調整された用量が、請求項18または19に記載の経皮用送達システムを使用して投与される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 当該一定の間隔が2〜12時間の間、好ましくは4〜6時間の間である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- (a)約25μg/kgの量でチロフィバンのボーラス用量を投与すること;
(b)1時間当たり約0.1〜0.15μg/kgの間の速度でチロフィバンの維持用量を経皮的に投与すること;
を含む、血小板抑制に有効な量のチロフィバンを投与する方法。 - 当該ボーラス用量が経皮的に投与される請求項27に記載の方法。
- 当該維持用量が12〜72時間の間の期間に亘り投与される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 当該維持用量が、請求項1に記載の経皮用送達システムを利用して投与される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 更に、複数のサブパッチに前記薬物送達システムを分けることを容易にする複数の穿孔を含む、請求項1に記載の経皮用薬物送達システム。
- (a)外科手術の約2〜5日前に患者に経口血小板抑制薬を中止させること;
(b)チロフィバンを含み、当該患者が60〜80%の血小板抑制を示すような量で前記患者にチロフィバンを送達できる経皮用パッチを投与すること;
(c)当該手術の2〜8時間前に前記経皮用パッチを取り除くこと;
を含む、経口および/または不可逆的な血小板抑制薬を摂取している患者において、手術前に血小板抑制を提供するための方法。 - 急性冠不全症候群、不安定狭心症、高ST心筋梗塞、非高ST心筋梗塞、虚血性脳梗塞、不完全な血管再開通術を有するポストCABG、本態性血小板血症、深部静脈血栓症、肺塞栓症、アレルギー患者および/またはASA抵抗性を有する患者、およびヘパリン起因性血小板減少症の治療における、および周囲手術PCIに先立つ治療における、および周囲手術PCI中の治療における請求項1〜8および請求項13〜17の何れか1項に記載の経皮用薬物送達システムの使用。
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- 2010-03-18 BR BRPI1009313A patent/BRPI1009313A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2010-03-18 WO PCT/CA2010/000373 patent/WO2010105342A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2010-03-18 US US13/257,009 patent/US20120029447A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Patent Citations (2)
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JP2004502725A (ja) * | 2000-07-12 | 2004-01-29 | ヘクサル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 高分散シリカを用いた経皮治療システム |
JP2005532306A (ja) * | 2002-05-06 | 2005-10-27 | メルク エンド カムパニー インコーポレーテッド | 血小板凝集を阻害する方法 |
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EP2408440A4 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
EP2408440B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
CN102427806B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
JP2015187115A (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
AU2010225405A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
CN102427806A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
RU2539398C2 (ru) | 2015-01-20 |
WO2010105342A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
RU2011138305A (ru) | 2013-03-27 |
US20140100537A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
US20120029447A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
EP2408440A1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
CA2755569A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
CN105311003A (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
BRPI1009313A2 (pt) | 2018-01-30 |
AU2010225405B2 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
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