JP2012516055A - 金属ゲルマニウムシリコン材料を用いた基板接合 - Google Patents

金属ゲルマニウムシリコン材料を用いた基板接合 Download PDF

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JP2012516055A
JP2012516055A JP2011548020A JP2011548020A JP2012516055A JP 2012516055 A JP2012516055 A JP 2012516055A JP 2011548020 A JP2011548020 A JP 2011548020A JP 2011548020 A JP2011548020 A JP 2011548020A JP 2012516055 A JP2012516055 A JP 2012516055A
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layer
substrate
metal
forming
containing layer
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JP5679996B2 (ja
JP2012516055A5 (ja
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ビー. モンテス、ルーベン
ピー. パマタット、アレックス
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NXP USA Inc
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NXP USA Inc
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

1つの実施形態において、第1基板(103)を第2基板(303)に接合するために有用な方法は、金属含有層を前記第1基板の上に形成する工程を含む。前記金属含有層は、1つの実施形態では、微小電気機械システム(MEMS)素子とすることができる半導体素子を取り囲む。前記第2基板(303)の上には、第1シリコン含有層(401)が形成される。第2ゲルマニウム/シリコン含有層(403)は前記第1層の上に形成される。第3ゲルマニウム含有層(405)は前記第2層の上に形成される。前記第3層を前記金属含有層に接触させる。熱(及び、幾つかの実施形態では圧力)を前記第3層及び前記金属含有層に加えて、導電性の機械的接合材料を前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に形成する。機械的接合材料でMEMSのような半導体素子を取り囲む場合、機械的接合材料は、当該材料でMEMSの気密封止を行なってMEMSを保護することができるので極めて有利である。

Description

本発明は概して、半導体素子に関するものであり、特に半導体素子の密封体を接合する方法に関するものである。
微小電気機械システム(micro electrical mechanical system:MEMS)素子のような幾つかの種類の半導体素子の場合、素子が経時的に正しく動作するように当該素子を密封(例えば、気密封止)することが望ましい。例えば、幾つかの種類のMEMS加速度計の場合、MEMS加速度計を筐体内に密封して、MEMS加速度計の可動部分が後続のプロセス時に汚染されるのを防止することが望ましい。
MEMS素子を密封する1つの方法では、キャップ用ウェハを、MEMS素子を含む第2ウェハに接合する。キャップ用ウェハ及び第2ウェハがMEMS素子の空洞を形成する。キャップ用ウェハは、空洞の周囲に配置される鉛ガラスフリットを含むことができ、この鉛ガラスフリットで、第2ウェハとの接合を、圧力及び温度を加えた状態で行なう。
必要なのは、2枚のウェハを接合して合体させることにより、MEMS素子のような半導体素子を密封する方法を改善することである。
キャップ用ウェハを素子形成用ウェハに、金属ポリシリコンゲルマニウム材料により接合して、密封筐体を半導体素子の周りに形成する。一方のウェハでは、シリコン(Si)、ポリシリコンゲルマニウム(SiGe)、及びポリゲルマニウム(Ge)から成る積層体を形成する。金属構造を第2ウェハに形成する。当該金属シリコンゲルマニウム材料は、金属構造及びゲルマニウム構造を接触状態で配置し、そして熱を加えることにより(そして、幾つかの実施形態では、圧力を加えることにより)形成される。
本発明の1つの実施形態による1つの形成工程における素子形成用ウェハの部分切り欠き断面図。 本発明の1つの実施形態による1つの形成工程における素子形成用ウェハの部分上面図。 本発明の1つの実施形態による1つの形成工程におけるキャップ用ウェハの部分切り欠き断面図。 本発明の1つの実施形態による別の形成工程におけるキャップ用ウェハの部分切り欠き断面図。 本発明の1つの実施形態による1つの形成工程における素子形成用ウェハに対向配置されるキャップ用ウェハの部分切り欠き断面図。 本発明の1つの実施形態による別の形成工程における素子形成用ウェハに押圧配置されるキャップ用ウェハの部分切り欠き断面図。
本発明は、添付の図面を参照することにより一層深く理解することができ、そして本発明の多くの目的、特徴、及び利点が、この技術分野の当業者に明らかになる。
特に断らない限り、同じ参照記号を異なる図面に使用して同じアイテムを指すようにしている。これらの図は、必ずしも寸法通りには描かれていない。
以下に示すのは、本発明を実施する1つの形態に関する詳細な説明である。本説明は、本発明を例示するために行なわれるのであり、本発明を限定するものとして解釈されるべきではない。
図1は、キャップ用ウェハ(例えば、図3の301)で密封される半導体素子105を含む素子形成用ウェハ101の側面図である。1つの実施形態では、素子105は、例えば加速度計またはスイッチのようなMEMS素子である。MEMS素子の1つの例では、素子105は、ポリシリコンにより形成され、かつバネで支持され、そして基板103に対して移動することができるプルーフマス(図示せず)を含む。このような実施形態では、素子105は容量構造群を含み、これらの容量構造の容量を測定することにより、プルーフマスの動きを検出することができる。しかしながら、素子105は、他の実施形態では他の種類の半導体素子とすることができる。例えば、1つの実施形態では、素子105はトランスヂューサとすることができる。
ウェハ101は基板103を含み、この基板103は、1つの実施形態では、バルク単結晶シリコンにより形成される。絶縁層107(例えば、SiO)は基板103に形成される。図示の実施形態では、層107はシリコン局所酸化(local oxidation of silicon:LOCOS)プロセスにより形成されるが、他の実施形態では、他の方法により形成してもよい。1つの実施形態では、ウェハ101の裏面(図示せず)は研削し、そして研磨することができる。層107には、開口部111が、次に形成される半導体素子105の位置の周りに配置されるように形成される。他の実施形態では、開口部111は、層107をパターニングすることにより形成することができる。1つの実施形態では、層107は、25Kオングストロームの厚さを有するが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとしてもよい。
層107を形成した後、ポリシリコン層113及び120(多結晶シリコン層)、及び金属層122を層107の上に形成する。1つの実施形態では、層113,120,及び122を個別に形成し、そして次に、次の層を形成する前に、パターニングしてこれらの層の所望構造を形成する。幾つかの実施形態では、誘電体層、例えば層118を、ポリシリコン層113及び120を形成した後に、または形成する前に形成して、これらの層により形成される種々の構造を絶縁することができる。また、犠牲層(図示せず)を使用して、後の時点で後続のプロセスにおいて除去される所望構造を形成してもよい。1つの実施形態では、層118は、シリコンリッチ窒化物材料とすることができる。
図示の実施形態では、素子105は、層113,118,120,122を含む。このような素子では、これらの層をパターニングして、当該層のうち、当該素子の種々の位置にある部分を除去することができる。しかしながら、図を簡単にするために、素子105は、これらの層が、素子105全体を横切る破線で区切られて位置している状態が示されている。他の実施形態では、素子105を含むウェハ101は、他の半導体層及び金属層を含むことができる。
ウェハ101は、素子105を取り囲むシールリング117を含む。リング117は、開口部111の上に位置し、層113のポリシリコン材料は基板103のシリコン材料と開口部111で接触する。
電気コンタクト群が更にウェハ101に、コンタクト121及び123が図1に示されるように形成される。図示の実施形態では、コンタクト121及び123は、ポリシリコン層113、ポリシリコン層120、及び金属層122を含むが、誘電体層118は含まない。各コンタクトは、素子105の構造に、層113により形成されるポリシリコン配線(例えば、図2の211)を介して電気的に接続される。
1つの実施形態では、ポリシリコン層113は、3500オングストロームの厚さであるが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとすることができる。1つの実施形態では、層113に、不純物、例えばリンを添加することにより、導電率をイオン注入によって大きくするが、他の実施形態では、他の不純物を他の方法により添加してもよい。
1つの実施形態では、ポリシリコン層120は、32Kオングストロームの厚さであるが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとすることができる。1つの実施形態では、層120に、例えばリンをドープドオキサイド拡散プロセスにより添加するが、他の実施形態では、他の不純物を添加して、導電率を他の方法により大きくしてもよい。
金属層122は、パターニング済み層120の上に形成される。1つの実施形態では、層122はアルミニウムにより形成される。1つの実施形態では、層122は、99.5%(原子重量%)のアルミニウム、及び5%(原子重量%)の銅により形成される。しかしながら、層122は、他の実施形態では、金、白金、タングステン、チタン、コバルト、ニッケル、錫、及びタンタルのような他の金属により形成してもよい、または他の金属を含んでいてもよい。幾つかの実施形態では、層122は、ゲルマニウムまたはシリコンのような幾つかの非金属材料を含むことができる。1つの実施形態では、層122は、98原子重量%以上の主金属材料(幾つかの実施形態ではアルミニウム)を含む。1つの実施形態では、層122は、3〜4ミクロンの範囲の厚さを有するが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとしてもよい。
1つの実施形態では、素子105は、金属層122の一部を含む。1つの実施形態では、金属層122の一部を利用して、重量を素子105のプルーフマスに付加する。
幾つかの実施形態では、層122は、物理気相堆積、スパッタリング、蒸着、またはめっきにより形成される。層122を次にパターニングすることにより、1つのシールリング117と、そしてコンタクト121及び123と、を含む所望の構造を形成する。
図2は、ウェハ101の上面図を示している。リング117は、素子105の周囲を取り囲む矩形を有するものとして示されている。ウェハ101は、多数のコンタクト201,203,121,123,205,及び207を含み、これらのコンタクトは、ポリシリコン配線211,213,215,221,219,及び217をそれぞれ介して素子105の構造群に電気的に接続される。これらの配線は、層113のポリシリコンにより形成される。
図示の実施形態では、配線213,215,221,及び219はリング117を通り抜ける。これらの位置では、リング117の層113は、これらの配線から窒化物層118を介して、そしてこれらの配線の側方の位置の他の誘電体材料を介して電気的に絶縁される。図示の実施形態では、リング117は層113の2つの部分を含む。部分212は、側壁218から始まり、そして素子105の周囲の3辺全体に亘って側壁220まで延在する「C字」構造に見える。第2部分216は、第1セットの配線211,213,及び215と第2セットの配線221,219,及び217との間に位置する。部分216を側壁218から分離することにより、配線213及び215を通すための開口部を形成し、そして部分216を側壁220から分離することにより、配線221及び219を通すための開口部を形成する。
配線211及び217は、リング117の層113の一部と連続している。従って、これらの配線が、リングの外側の配線部分からリング117を横切ってリングの内側の配線部分に達する様子を示す破線は描いていない。従って、リング117は、コンタクト205及び201に電気的に接続される。1つの実施形態では、コンタクト205及び201は、グランドパッドとして機能し、そして基板103に、配線群を介して、かつ開口部111の導電材料を介して電気的に接続される。
開口部111をリング117の層113の一部、及び配線211及び217の一部の下に設けて、基板103とのオーミックコンタクトを可能にする。開口部111を配線213,215,221,及び219の下には設けないようにして、これらの構造を基板103から絶縁している。
他の実施形態では、基板103に通じるこれらの開口部は、異なる位置に設けてもよい、異なるサイズとしてもよい、そして/または異なる形状としてもよい。例えば、1つの実施形態では、開口部111は、リング117の下に、かつ配線211及び217がリング117を貫通して延在する位置にのみ設けられる。他の実施形態では、これらの基板開口部は、配線211及び217の下に、かつリング117の外側の位置に設けてもよい。1つの実施形態では、基板開口部群は、コンタクト201及び205の下に設けてもよい。
窒化物誘電体層118を形成した後、誘電体層、例えば二酸化シリコン(図示せず)をウェハ101に堆積させる。次に、開口部を窒化物層118に、リング117のこれらの部分に形成する。層120を次にウェハ101を覆うように形成する。リング117の層120の一部が、リング117の層113の一部と窒化物層118のこれらの開口部を介して接触する。
図3は、キャップ用ウェハ301の部分切り欠き側面図である。図示の実施形態では、キャップ用ウェハ301は、バルクシリコン基板303と、そして当該基板303を覆うように形成される酸化物層305と、を含む。1つの実施形態では、層305を熱成長させるが、他の実施形態では、層305を堆積させてもよい。層305は、4950オングストロームの厚さであるが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとしてもよい。
層305を形成した後、開口部群を層305に、トレンチ311及び307の位置に形成する。次に、ウェハ301にエッチングプロセスを(ウェットエッチングまたはドライエッチングのいずれか)を施して、トレンチ311及び307を基板303に形成する。その後、開口部309を層305に形成して基板303を露出させる。
図4を参照するに、ポリシリコン層401を、ウェハ301を覆うように形成する。1つの実施形態では、層401は、750〜2500オングストロームの範囲の厚さを有するが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さを有することができる。1つの実施形態では、層401は、化学気相堆積プロセス(CVD)により形成されるが、他の実施形態では、他のプロセスにより形成してもよい。1つの実施形態では、層401は、1つのプロセスにより、摂氏550度超の温度で形成される。
幾つかの実施形態では、層401は、次に形成される層403のシード層として作用する。層403は、シリコンゲルマニウムにより形成される。1つの実施形態では、層403は、20〜40原子パーセントの範囲のゲルマニウムを、残りの組成がシリコンから成るように含む。しかしながら、他の実施形態は、異なる原子パーセントのゲルマニウムを有することができる。1つの実施形態では、層403のゲルマニウム濃度は、図4に示す図を参照するに、ゲルマニウム濃度が層403の底部でより低くなり、かつ層403の最上部でより高くなるように変化させることができる。1つの実施形態では、層403はCVDプロセスにより形成されるが、他の実施形態では、他のプロセスにより形成してもよい。1つの実施形態では、シリコンゲルマニウム層403は、500〜4000オングストロームの範囲の厚さを有するが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとしてもよい。
層405を層403上に形成する。層405は、多結晶ゲルマニウムにより形成される。1つの実施形態では、層405は、2000〜40000オングストロームの範囲の厚さを有するが、他の実施形態では、他の厚さとしてもよい。1つの実施形態では、層405は、CVDプロセスにより形成されるが、他の実施形態では、他のプロセスにより形成してもよい。
幾つかの実施形態では、ウェハ301の裏面を研削し、そして研磨することができる。更に、幾つかの実施形態では、トレンチ群(図示せず)をウェハ301の裏面に形成してもよい。
1つの実施形態では、多結晶層401,403,及び405に、導電性不純物(例えば、ボロン、リン、砒素)を添加しない。他の実施形態では、これらの多結晶層に導電性不純物または他の種類の不純物を添加することができる。
図5は、ウェハ301をウェハ101に、リング117が開口部309に位置合わせされ、トレンチ311がコンタクト121及び123の上に位置し、かつトレンチ307が素子105の上に位置するように接触させる様子を示す部分切り欠き側面図である。図5は、2枚のウェハを接合して合体させるために熱を加える(そして、幾つかの実施形態では、圧力を加える)直前の両方のウェハを示している。
図6は、ウェハ101及び301を、熱を2枚のウェハに加えることにより接合して合体させた後の部分切り欠き側面図である。接合プロセス中に、リング117の層122の金属材料が層401のポリシリコン、層403の多結晶シリコンゲルマニウム、及び層405の多結晶ゲルマニウムと反応して、アルミニウム、シリコン、及びゲルマニウムから成る接合材料601を形成する。1つの実施形態では、この材料601は、アルミニウム(または、他の実施形態では他の金属)、シリコン、及びゲルマニウムの三成分系である。1つの実施形態では、アルミニウム(または、他の実施形態では、層122の他の材料)が容積比で最大の成分であり、その後にゲルマニウムが続き、そして次にシリコンが続く。材料601は導電性である。1つの実施形態では、材料601はAl−Ge−Si共晶化合物と表記することができる。1つの実施形態では、材料601は化合物膜と表記することができる。1つの実施形態では、材料601に含有されるシリコンの原子重量比は5%超である。
リング117が素子105を完全に包囲する実施形態では、材料601によって、素子105をウェハ101と301との間に気密封止することができる。更に、材料601は導電性であるので、幾つかの実施形態では、当該材料によって、導電経路(例えば、接地経路)を2枚のウェハの間に設けることができる。
これらのウェハを425〜500℃の範囲の温度で、更に好ましくは、450〜475℃の範囲の温度で接合する。しかしながら、他の実施形態では、他の温度を使用してもよい。層122にアルミニウムを使用するのは、アルミニウムによって、摂氏500度以下の接合温度を使用することができるので好ましい。幾つかの実施形態では、接合プロセス中に、基板303と基板103との隙間を、図5に示す当該隙間の位置で減少させる。
幾つかの実施形態では、これらのウェハを、熱を加える他に、圧力を加えた状態で接合して合体させる。1つの実施形態では、治具から加わる力による5000〜10,000ミリバールの範囲の圧力を、幾つかの実施形態では、6500ミリバールの好適な圧力を加える。しかしながら、他の実施形態では、接合力の印加による他の圧力を使用してもよい。
幾つかの実施形態では、多結晶ゲルマニウム層405をCVDプロセス(プラズマ支援CVDプロセスを含む)により形成することにより、このような層を、微粒子の生成を少なくするプロセスにより形成して欠陥密度をより低くする方法が得られる。
更に、CVD堆積させた多結晶ゲルマニウム層を利用することにより、幾つかの実施形態では、層122の材料との接合力を強めることができる粗さを持つ層が得られる。
多結晶ゲルマニウム層(例えば、層405)を多結晶シリコンゲルマニウム層(例えば、層403)の上に形成すると、幾つかの実施形態では、ボイドが材料601内に、かつシード層401が位置する箇所に形成されるのを防止することができる。中間シリコンゲルマニウム層403を使用すると、シードポリシリコン層401から層405へのシリコンのマイグレーションが接合プロセス中に発生するのを阻止することができると考えられる。従って、中間シリコンゲルマニウム層403を利用すると、材料601の強度が高まり、かつ材料601がより均一になる。
結果として得られるウェハ(図6において接合して合体させたウェハ101及びウェハ301)は、図6に示す段階に続いて、更に処理される。例えば、基板303の一部を除去して、コンタクト121及び123を露出させることにより、これらの接合パッドを外部に接続することができる。その後、結果として得られるウェハを個片化して多数のチップとし、これらのチップの各チップは、材料601と同様の材料で密封される素子105と同様の素子を含む。このようなチップをパッケージ封止して、電子システムに組み込むことができる。
幾つかの実施形態では、キャップ用ウェハ301は、当該ウェハに形成される集積回路の半導体素子群を含むことができる。例えば、集積回路(例えば、マイクロプロセッサ)をトレンチ307内に形成してもよい。当該集積回路は、素子105に電気的に接続することができる。
図示の実施形態では、リング117の金属層122は、素子形成用ウェハ101に形成され、そして多結晶層401,403,及び405はウェハ301に形成される。他の実施形態では、層401,403,及び405は、素子形成用ウェハ101に形成され、そしてキャップ用ウェハ301に形成される金属リングに接合させることができる。
1つの実施形態では、1つの方法は、金属含有層を第1基板の上に形成する工程と、第2基板を設ける工程と、そして前記第2基板に支持される第1シリコン含有層を形成する工程と、を含む。前記方法は更に、第2ゲルマニウム/シリコン含有層を前記第1層上に形成する工程と、第3ゲルマニウム含有層を前記第2層上に形成する工程と、そして前記第3層を、前記金属含有層に接触させる工程と、を含む。前記方法は更に、前記第3層を、前記金属含有層に接触させた後に、機械的接合材料を前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に形成する工程を含む。機械的接合材料を形成する前記工程は、熱を前記第3層及び前記金属含有層に加える工程を含む。前記接合材料は、前記金属含有層の金属と、そして前記第3層の材料と、を含む。
別の実施形態では、第1基板と第2基板との間で密封を行なう方法は、前記第1基板を前記第2基板に接合積層体を介して接触させる工程を含む。前記接合積層体は、第1シリコン含有層と、前記第1層と接触する第2ゲルマニウム/シリコン含有層と、前記第2層と接触する第3ゲルマニウム含有層と、そして前記第3層と接触する第4金属含有層と、を含む。前記方法は、熱及び圧力を前記接合積層体に加えて、前記接合積層体が前記第1基板と前記第2基板との接合部になるようにする工程を含む。
別の実施形態では、半導体構造は、第1基板と、前記第1基板上の半導体素子と、第2基板と、そして前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間の導電性接合部と、を含み、前記導電性接合部は、前記半導体素子を取り囲むことにより、前記半導体素子を前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間で密封する。前記導電性接合部は、金属、シリコン、及びゲルマニウムを含む。前記導電性接合部に含有されるシリコンの原子百分率は5%超である。
本発明の特定の実施形態について示し、そして記載してきたが、この技術分野の当業者であれば、本明細書において提供される示唆に基づいて、更に別の変更及び変形を、本発明、及び本発明のより広義の態様から逸脱しない限り加えることができ、従って、添付の請求項は、これらの請求項の範囲に、全てのこのような変更及び変形を、これらの変更及び変形が本発明の真の思想及び範囲に含まれるものとして包含するものであることが理解できるであろう。

Claims (20)

  1. 金属含有層を第1基板の上に形成する工程と、
    第2基板を設ける工程と、
    前記第2基板に支持される第1シリコン含有層を形成する工程と、
    第2ゲルマニウム/シリコン含有層を前記第1層上に形成する工程と、
    第3ゲルマニウム含有層を前記第2層上に形成する工程と、
    前記第3層を、前記金属含有層に接触させる工程と、
    前記第3層を、前記金属含有層に接触させた後に、機械的接合材料を前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間に形成する工程とを備え、機械的接合材料を形成する前記工程は、熱を前記第3層及び前記金属含有層に加える工程を含み、前記接合材料は、前記金属含有層の金属と、前記第3層の材料と、を含む、方法。
  2. 前記金属含有層の前記金属はアルミニウムである、請求項1に記載の方法。
  3. 前記機械的接合材料は、アルミニウム、シリコン、及びゲルマニウムを含む三成分系である材料を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
  4. 機械的接合材料を形成する前記工程は、接合力による圧力を前記第1基板及び前記第2基板に加える工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  5. 前記接合力による圧力は5000ミリバール超である、請求項4に記載の方法。
  6. 熱を加える前記工程は、500℃以下の温度の熱を加える工程を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  7. 第1層を形成する前記工程、第2層を形成する前記工程、及び第3層を形成する前記工程では更に、前記第1層、前記第2層、及び前記第3層が多結晶であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
  8. 更に、金属含有層を形成する前記工程の前に、ポリシリコン層を前記第1基板の上に形成する工程を含み、金属含有層を形成する前記工程では更に、前記金属含有層が前記ポリシリコン層上に形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
  9. 第1層を形成する前記工程では更に、前記第1層を、前記第3層の厚さよりも薄い厚さに形成し、
    第2層を形成する前記工程では更に、前記第2層を、前記第3層の厚さよりも薄い厚さに形成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
  10. 前記金属含有層を含むリングで取り囲まれる半導体素子を前記第1基板の上に形成する工程と、
    空洞を前記第2基板に形成する工程とを備え、接触させる前記工程では更に、前記空洞を前記半導体素子に位置合わせする、請求項1に記載の方法。
  11. 半導体素子を形成する前記工程では更に、前記半導体素子が微小電気機械システム(MEMS)素子である、請求項10に記載の方法。
  12. 前記金属含有層に含有されるアルミニウムの原子重量比は98%以上である、請求項1に記載の方法。
  13. 更に、金属含有層を形成する前記工程の前に、ポリシリコン層を、前記第1基板の上に形成する工程を含み、金属含有層を形成する前記工程では更に、前記金属含有層が前記ポリシリコン層上に形成される、請求項1に記載の方法。
  14. 前記第1基板を前記第2基板に接合積層体を介して接触させる工程を備える、第1基板と第2基板との間で密封を行なうための方法において、
    前記接合積層体は、
    第1シリコン含有層と、
    前記第1層と接触する第2ゲルマニウム/シリコン含有層と、
    前記第2層と接触する第3ゲルマニウム含有層と、
    前記第3層と接触する金属含有層と、を含み、前記方法はさらに、
    熱及び圧力を前記接合積層体に加えて、前記接合積層体が前記第1基板と前記第2基板との接合部になるようにする工程を備える、方法。
  15. 半導体素子を前記第1基板上に形成する工程をさらに備え、前記接合積層体は前記半導体素子を取り囲み、接触させる前記工程では、前記金属含有層が前記第1基板の上に形成され、かつ前記第1層が前記第2基板の上に形成される、請求項14に記載の方法。
  16. 接触させる前記工程では、前記第1層、前記第2層、及び前記第3層が多結晶である、請求項14に記載の方法。
  17. 接触させる前記工程では、前記金属含有層がアルミニウム含有金属を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
  18. 接触させる前記工程では、前記第1層及び前記第2層が、前記第3層よりも薄い、請求項14に記載の方法。
  19. 熱を加える前記工程は、500℃以下の温度の熱を加える工程を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
  20. 第1基板と、
    前記第1基板上の半導体素子と、
    第2基板と、
    前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間の導電性接合部とを備え、前記導電性接合部は、前記半導体素子を取り囲むことにより、前記半導体素子を前記第1基板と前記第2基板との間で密封し、
    前記導電性接合部は、金属、シリコン、及びゲルマニウムを含み、
    前記導電性接合部に含有されるシリコンの原子重量比は5%超である、
    半導体構造。
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