JP2012514838A - カソード活性物質用の不均一な導電性コーティング - Google Patents
カソード活性物質用の不均一な導電性コーティング Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012514838A JP2012514838A JP2011544694A JP2011544694A JP2012514838A JP 2012514838 A JP2012514838 A JP 2012514838A JP 2011544694 A JP2011544694 A JP 2011544694A JP 2011544694 A JP2011544694 A JP 2011544694A JP 2012514838 A JP2012514838 A JP 2012514838A
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
10Lの反応槽に8リットルの脱イオン水を加えた。ウォータージャケットを用いて、この反応槽を40℃まで加熱した。1キログラム(10.79モル)のNi(OH)2を反応槽に加え、反応槽を一定の速度で攪拌した。この反応混合物に105.2グラム(0.37モル)のCoSO4を加え、約10分間混合した。この反応混合物に2318.4グラム(9.82モル)の過硫酸ナトリウムを加え、約10分間混合した。この反応混合物に881.2グラム(22.6モル)の水酸化ナトリウムを表1の添加スケジュールに従ってゆっくり加えた。第1の部分の水酸化ナトリウム120gを加えた後、その反応物を20℃まで冷却した。全量の水酸化ナトリウムを混合物に加えたら、その反応混合物を55℃まで加熱し、反応物を24時間混合した。
反応物質の比率が異なる以外はほぼ実施例1の手順に従って、不均一にCoOOHでコーティングされたNiOOH粒子を合成した。水酸化ナトリウムを速い速度又は遅い速度のいずれかで加えた。表2を参照すると、速い添加では、水酸化ナトリウムを3つの部分に分けて、合計で20分かけて加えた。すなわち、まず水酸化ナトリウムの45%を加えてから10分間置き、続いて、更に45%を加えてから10分間置き、続いて残りの10%を加えた。遅い添加では、水酸化ナトリウムを表1のスケジュールに従って4時間かけて加えた。Stdは、3〜5%の標的含湿率まで乾燥させる実施例1の標準的な乾燥方法を指す。「水を添加」は、カソード活性物質を水で再湿潤させてから約3〜5%の水分レベルまで慎重に乾燥させる実施例1に記載の再水和法を指す。
不均一なCoOOHコーティングを有するNiOOHの粒子の4つの試料の含湿率を熱重量分析によって評価した。熱重量分析器(熱重量分析器SDT Q600)を用いて、重量損失プロファイルを作成した。50ミリグラムの材料を量ってアルミニウムパンに入れ、10℃/分の速度で最終試験温度の150℃まで加熱した。昇温中、重量損失を連続的に記録し、温度による重量損失速度のあらゆる変化を観察した。図3に示されているように、材料乾燥曲線には2つの異なる領域が観察された。第1の領域は、25〜50℃の温度における水損失(おそらく粒子表面からの水損失)を示し、第2の領域は、50〜120℃の温度における水損失(おそらく粒子内部からの水損失)を示していた。これら2つの領域における蒸発した水の割合(%)と、試料の総含水率を表3に示す。
内部容積が6.27ミリリットルの試験用単3電池を用いて実験データを生成した。Timcal SFG−15というグラファイトで調合した酸化防止炭素コーティングを用いて、カソードとニッケルめっき鋼製電槽との間の良好な電気接触を確立した。カソードの配合は、オキシ水酸化ニッケル81.5%、Timcal SFG−15グラファイト8%、7N水酸化カリウム溶液6.0%、Coathylene3というポリエチレン結合剤1%、オキシ水酸化ニッケル中の水分3.5%である。6個のペレットを中空の状態で円筒形に積み重ねた物を形成させて、鋼缶の中に配置した。各ペレットの高さは7.2mm、外径は13.3mm、内径は8.9mmであった。各ペレットは、上述のカソード混合物1.7グラムから構成されていた。セパレータを用いて電極間の連通をイオン伝導に制限した。セロファン/不織布ラミネート、又は超高分子量ポリエチレン微多孔フィルムのようないくつかの異なる材料を用いた。いくつかの試験用セルでは、セパレータはDSM Solutech製のSolupor3である。アノードは、高い電池消耗速度を保つように特別に設計されている。アノードは、微細な亜鉛で高度に強化された標準的な電池亜鉛粒子を約70重量%含む。この微細な亜鉛は、孔寸法が45マイクロメートルである標準的な325メッシュスクリーンを通る寸法にした。微細な亜鉛は、合金(例えば亜鉛重量ベースで100〜500ppmのインジウム及びビスマス)、めっき(例えば亜鉛重量ベースで50〜200ppmのインジウム)、及び有機腐食防止剤(例えば亜鉛重量ベースで50ppmのRM510−ジノニルフェノール、ポリオキシエチレンリン酸エステル)と共に調合して、亜鉛が水と接触すると発生する可能性がある水素ガスの発生を制御する。亜鉛の総量は、64重量%のレベルでゲル状電解質と組み合わせる。用いる懸濁化剤は、軽度に架橋された高分子量ポリアクリル酸ポリマーであり、例えば、BF.Goodrich C940を電解質中に1.45重量%で用いて、重い亜鉛粒子を電池中の適所に保持する。また、セルに、35.4%の水酸化カリウムと2%の酸化亜鉛とを含む電池電解質0.6グラムを注ぎ足して、すべての穴が満たされると共に、放電中に材料が十分活用されることが確実になる。すべての電池活性物質を組み立てたら、一体型ナイロンシールを有する蓋を用いて組み立てを完了させた。
反応物質の比率が異なる以外はほぼ実施例1の手順に従って、CoOOHでコーティングされたNiOOHの4つの試料(A、B、C、及びD)を合成した。粒子Aは、誘導結合プラズマ質量分析によって割り出した場合のその粒子に対する平均コバルト含有率が0.55重量パーセントである不均一なコーティングを有し、粒子Bは、平均コバルト含有率が1.95重量パーセントである不均一なコーティングを有し、粒子Cは、平均コバルト含有率が2.37重量パーセントである不均一なコーティングを有し、粒子Dは、平均コバルト含有率が3.06重量パーセントである不均一なコーティングを有していた。用いたプラズマは、アルゴンと窒素との組み合わせから着火させた。水酸化ニッケルの試料100ミリグラムを溶解させ、用いた器具と基準に適した濃度まで段階希釈した。試料を評価し、各試料の濃度を分析、定量化し、最終的には希釈ごとに元の試料に関連付けた。粒子を組み立てて電池にし、それらの電池に対して、実施例4の手順を用いてデジタルカメラ試験を実施した。結果を表4に列挙する。不均一にコーティングされたNiOOHでは、完全にコーティングされた市販の材料と比べて、63%〜105%の性能の向上が観察された。
実施例4の手順に従って、均一にCoOOHがコーティングされた市販のNiOOH、又は不均一にCoOOHがコーティングされたNiOOHを含む電池を構築した。図13を参照すると、各消費時点おいて、負荷をかける前のセルの電圧(例えばC1)と放電中に負荷をかけた直後の電圧(例えばC2)を比較することによって、電池の分極を割り出すことができる。例として、図13では、C1とC1との差異は、約3時間の消費時点における電池の分極に相当する。いずれの消費時点でも、2つの電池の分極を算出及び比較することができる。図13を参照すると、2時間の同程度の消費において、不均一にコーティングされた材料の分極(上の曲線B、表4の試料Dに相当する)は、均一にCoOOHがコーティングされた市販のNiOOH(下の曲線A)の約1/2〜1/3であった。分極の低下によって電池の耐用期間は延長した。
特定の実施形態について記載したが、他の実施形態も可能である。例えば、CoOOHでコーティングされたNiOOHについて説明してきたが、いくつかの実施形態では、オキシ水酸化ニッケル及び二酸化マンガンのような活性物質の混合物、又はその他のいずれかの一般的なカソード材の混合物にコーティングを塗布して、導電性の工学的集合体を形成させることもできる。
Claims (15)
- 最大で50パーセントコーティングされた表面積及び少なくとも4オームセンチメートルの抵抗率を有するコーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルを含むカソード活性物質を含有するカソードと、
アノードと、
セパレータと、
電解質と、
を備える電池。 - 前記コーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルが少なくとも50パーセントのコーティングされていない表面積を有する、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記コーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルが4パーセント〜7パーセントの含湿率を有する、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記コーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルがオキシ水酸化コバルトでコーティングされ、好ましくは、前記コーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルが最大で3重量パーセントのコバルト含有率を有する、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記コーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルが59%〜69.6%の高レートの放電効率を有する、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記カソードが、二酸化マンガン、酸化銀、ニッケル酸銀、銀銅酸化物、過マンガン酸銀、過マンガン酸バリウム、マンガン酸バリウム、及びバリウムフェライトからなる群から選択されるカソード活性物質を更に含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記電池が、放電させると1.05Vにおいて少なくとも250パルスをもたらす、請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記アノードがアノード活性物質を含み、前記カソード活性物質の前記アノード活性物質に対するモル比が少なくとも1である、請求項1の電池。
- 前記アノードが亜鉛を含む、請求項1に記載の電池。
- コバルト1重量%当たり24オームセンチメートル〜コバルト1重量%当たり2オームセンチメートルのコバルトコーティングに対する粉体抵抗率を有するオキシ水酸化コバルトでコーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルを含むカソード。
- 前記粉体抵抗率が15オームセンチメートル〜4オームセンチメートルである、請求項10に記載のカソード。
- 前記オキシ水酸化コバルトコーティングが、前記オキシ水酸化コバルトでコーティングされたオキシ水酸化ニッケルで2.0重量パーセント〜2.5重量%のコバルト含有率を有する、請求項10に記載のカソード。
- カソード活性物質を作製する方法であって、
水酸化ニッケルに対して最大で毎分2モルパーセントの速度で、水酸化アルカリを、水酸化ニッケルと硫酸コバルトと過硫酸ナトリウムとの混合物に加える工程と、
前記混合物から、オキシ水酸化コバルトでコーティングされた水酸化ニッケルを単離する工程と、
を含む方法。 - 前記水酸化アルカリが、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、及び水酸化カリウムからなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記オキシ水酸化コバルトでコーティングされた水酸化ニッケルを含湿率レベル5〜5.7パーセントまで乾燥させる工程を更に含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
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JP2018514932A (ja) * | 2015-05-13 | 2018-06-07 | スペクトラム ブランズ インコーポレイテッド | 改善された放電効率を含むアルカリセル |
US11133497B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2021-09-28 | Energizer Brands, Llc | Alkaline cell with improved discharge efficiency |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8334067B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
BRPI1006792A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
EP2377187A1 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
CN102282700A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
WO2010083175A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
CN102282700B (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
EP3975290A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
US20100178538A1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
JP5420677B2 (ja) | 2014-02-19 |
EP2377187B1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
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