JP2012512991A - Absorption power cycle system - Google Patents

Abstract

An absorption power cycle system uses a working fluid from an absorption circuit to generate mechanical work. Such a system is useful for a variety of absorption cycle applications.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 139,180, filed Dec. 19, 2008.

  The present disclosure relates to an absorption power cycle system that uses working fluid from an absorption circuit to generate mechanical work. Such a system is useful for a variety of absorption cycle applications.

  Absorption cycle systems are known in the refrigeration, air conditioning and power generation fields. In a typical absorption cycle system, the working fluid is absorbed into the absorbent mixture and then released from the absorbent mixture. The absorber is part of an absorption circuit including a liquid pump, a heat exchanger, an expansion or decompression device and a generator, where the working fluid is discharged from the absorbent mixture and then a condenser for cooling And enters the evaporator or enters the turbine to generate mechanical power. The absorption circuit produces high pressure steam primarily through the use of heat supplied to the generator and minimal mechanical power supplied to the liquid pump. Various types of equipment, including equipment for power generation, can be driven using the power generated by the turbine in the absorption cycle.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorption cycle system that drives a device for generating mechanical work such as a turbine or an expander. The working fluid used can be or contain a hydrofluoroolefin or hydrochlorofluoroolefin with negligible ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential. The absorbent used in the absorption circuit can be or contain an ionic compound comprising an ionic liquid having a melting point below 100 ° C. or even lower than ambient temperature. One advantage of using an ionic liquid as an absorbent is its negligible volatility, which allows an almost pure working fluid to be discharged from the generator and supplied to the turbine without requiring any further rectification. is there.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, an absorbent for absorbing the working fluid into the absorbent to form a mixture of the absorbent and the working fluid, and for receiving and preheating the absorbent and the working fluid from the absorber. A first heat exchanger disposed in fluid communication with the absorber, a liquid pump for pumping the mixture of absorbent and working fluid from the absorber to the first heat exchanger, A generator disposed in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger for receiving a preheated mixture from one heat exchanger and releasing high pressure steam of the working fluid by transferring additional heat to the premix; An absorptive power cycle system is provided that includes a device for generating mechanical work disposed in fluid communication with a generator to generate mechanical work from a high pressure working fluid, wherein the absorbent comprises an ionic liquid. The

  The invention will be better understood with reference to the following drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram of an absorption power cycle system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an absorption power cycle system including simultaneous cooling according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an absorption power cycle system that performs simultaneous cooling according to another embodiment of the present invention. It differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2 in that it does not include condensation and evaporation of the working fluid.

  A schematic diagram of an absorption system according to the present invention is shown generally at 10 in FIG. The system includes an absorption circuit, indicated by 20-1, in FIG. 1, and mixes the working fluid with the absorbent to form a mixture of the absorbent and the working fluid, with the mixture of the absorbent and the working fluid therein. Circulate through. The system also includes a first heat exchanger 20-3 disposed in fluid communication with the absorption circuit, a generator 20-4 disposed in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger, and a generator. And a device 10-2 for generating mechanical work, placed in fluid communication with the device.

  Absorber 20-1 has an inlet that distributes the working fluid vapor, where the working fluid vapor is combined with the low working fluid content working fluid and absorbent mixture dispensed via line 25. Forming a high working fluid content absorbent / working fluid mixture. The absorbent may be an ionic compound or may contain it. In general, heat (absorption heat) is also generated by absorption of the working fluid into the absorbent. The cooling water travels through a bundle of absorber tubes (not shown) to remove this absorbed heat from the system. The high working fluid content mixture is collected at the bottom of the absorber and the absorption cycle can begin again.

  The absorbent / working fluid mixture with a high working fluid content exits the absorber through the outlet line 21 and is sent to the liquid pump 20-2, which is pumped to the first heat exchanger 20-3. Is done. The first heat exchanger preheats the mixture before it enters the generator. The first heat exchanger may be, for example, a shell and tube type heat exchanger or a plate and frame type heat exchanger. After leaving the first heat exchanger, the mixture flows through line 22 to the generator. The generator is supplied with heat from any suitable external source. If necessary, a second high temperature generator may be used to improve process efficiency. In one embodiment, there is a bundle of tubes (not shown) in the generator that carries hot water or other heat transfer fluid, steam or combustion gas and supplies it to the generator via line 23. Hot water or other heat transfer fluid, steam or combustion gas transfers heat to the high working fluid content absorbent / working fluid mixture. Heat releases the working fluid vapor from the mixture and leaves the generator through line 26, leaving behind a mixture of low working fluid content. Here, the working fluid exiting the generator is high pressure steam. In some cases, a trace amount of working fluid remains in the liquid mixture exiting the generator via line 24. In other cases, a non-negligible amount of working fluid remains in the absorbent / working fluid mixture exiting the generator, the amount being from about 1 percent to about 80 percent by weight. In either case, the amount of working fluid in the mixture leaving the generator via line 24 is less than in the mixture leaving the absorber via line 21. The exact amount of working fluid remaining in the mixture leaving the generator will depend on many factors, including the solubility of the working fluid in the absorbent.

  The low working fluid content absorbent / working fluid mixture flows back to the first heat exchanger via line 24 where the high working fluid content absorbent / working fluid mixture pumped from the absorber. It is cooled by. The low working fluid content absorbent / working fluid mixture flows from the first heat exchanger through the expansion or depressurization device 20-5 to the absorber via line 25 and the absorption circuit cycle is initiated. Collected at the bottom of the vessel, the cycle through the absorber, pump, first heat exchanger and generator is repeated.

  As described above, the high vapor pressure working fluid exits generator 20-4 via line 26. The high pressure working fluid vapor flows to a device for generating mechanical work, such as turbine 10-2, as shown in FIG. In the turbine, high pressure working fluid is used to drive the shaft or generate other mechanical work. The working fluid exits the turbine as low pressure steam and enters the absorber, where the entire working fluid cycle is repeated.

  Various configurations that generally optimize energy management and thereby increase cycle energy efficiency and, in particular, heat recovery from high temperature and high pressure working fluids that can be used in devices for generating mechanical work. Is possible. Although the turbine is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 and described above (and in the description of other embodiments below), various configurations of devices for generating mechanical work are within the scope of the present invention. It is understood.

  In an alternative embodiment, the absorption cycle of the present invention may be used to perform both mechanical work and heating or cooling. A schematic diagram of an absorbing power system including simultaneous cooling according to another embodiment of the invention is shown generally at 30 in FIG. In this case, the system is a condenser 10-3, an expansion device (shown in FIG. 2 as an expansion valve 10-4, but may be a capillary or other commonly known in the art). And an evaporator 10-5 in this order between the turbine 10-2 and the absorber 20-1. The high-pressure steam working fluid from the generator 20-4 first flows through the line 26 to the turbine 10-2 to generate electricity. The vapor working fluid flows to the condenser 10-3 and the vapor working fluid forms a liquid working fluid by cooling water (eg, contained in a coil of a tube (not shown) located within the condenser). Liquid working fluid flows from the condenser through line 16 to expansion valve 10-4 where there is some evaporation, and the combined vapor and liquid working fluid passes through line 14 to evaporator 10-5. Flow, where it becomes a fully evaporated working fluid, cooled, leaving no liquid. The vapor working fluid from the evaporator moves through line 13 to the absorber, where the cycle is repeated as in the first embodiment described above.

  In order to release the working fluid vapor from the absorbent / working fluid mixture, hot water or other heat transfer fluid, steam or combustion gas supplied to the generator is heated, in particular, by waste heat (combustion gas) from the combustion engine. Can be supplied by a variety of sources, including heated water, water heated by geothermal heat, and solar heated water. In addition, some heat source (eg, heat from a cooling object such as a building) is required to evaporate the working fluid in the evaporator of the alternative embodiment described for an absorption power cycle including simultaneous cooling.

  As described above, the cooling water is used in the absorber and the condenser in the embodiment. For simplicity, the flow of cooling water through the absorber and condenser is not shown. In one embodiment, the cooling water flows to the absorber where it is warmed by the absorbed heat released as the working fluid is absorbed by the absorbent. From the absorber, cooling water flows to a cooling tower (not shown) and is pumped back to the absorber.

  In one embodiment, disclosed herein provides mechanical work including forming an absorbent / working fluid mixture with an absorber and heating the absorbent / working fluid mixture to operate The process of releasing fluid vapor and sending the working fluid vapor to a device for generating mechanical work to reform the heated absorbent / working fluid mixture. Reforming means diluting the concentrated absorbent / working fluid mixture again by absorption of the working fluid vapor to restore the mixture's ability to transfer the working fluid to the generator.

  In other embodiments, the process of generating mechanical work condenses the working fluid in a condenser (after generating mechanical work and before reshaping the heated absorbent / working fluid mixture) It further includes partially evaporating the working fluid in the expansion device and completely evaporating the working fluid in the evaporator to effect cooling.

  In still other embodiments, the cycle of FIG. 2 can be used simultaneously for mechanical power and heat generation. The heating cycle functions in the same manner as the cooling cycle of FIG. 2 described above in this specification, and the heating step is performed by the condenser 10-3. Heating is done by the heat released by the working fluid during condensation in the condenser and absorption in the absorber. In this embodiment, the evaporator is an off-cycle source (not shown in FIG. 2), such as ambient air, natural waters including the water at the bottom of lakes and ponds, or relatively stable temperature ground below the surface. ) Extract heat from. Thus, the heating function of the cycle is the same as that of the heat pump. In this embodiment, this process of generating mechanical work condenses this working fluid in a condenser (after generating mechanical work and before reshaping the heated absorbent / working fluid mixture) to generate heat. Generating and partially evaporating the working fluid in the expansion device and further evaporating the working fluid completely in the evaporator.

  In yet another embodiment shown in FIG. 3, simultaneous mechanical power and cooling is done without a condenser. In this embodiment, the working fluid expands through a turbine or other expander that produces mechanical work and is cooled to a temperature below ambient without condensing. Next, the cooled working fluid vapor passes through a second heat exchanger (shown at 10-6 in FIG. 3) and is cooled to a cooled stream (especially a heat transfer fluid containing water, etc. in FIG. 3). Absorbs heat from (not shown). In this embodiment, this process of generating mechanical work involves heat from the stream that is cooled in the second heat exchanger (after generating mechanical work and before reshaping the heated absorbent / working fluid mixture). And further cooling the stream to be absorbed.

Working fluid / absorbent pair:
Working Fluid The present invention provides a working fluid / absorbent pair for use in an absorption power cycle, with or without simultaneous cooling or heating. In one embodiment, water is used as the working fluid in the present invention. In other embodiments, the working fluid is hydrofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, chlorofluorocarbon, fluorocarbon, nitrogen (N ₂ ), oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), ammonia (NH ₃ ), argon (Ar ), Hydrogen (H ₂ ), non-fluorinated hydrocarbon or methanol or mixtures thereof, ie any of the working fluids previously described in this paragraph. The non-fluorinated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of C ₁ -C ₇ linear, branched or cyclic alkanes and C ₁ -C ₇ linear, branched or cyclic alkenes, Also in range.

The hydrofluorocarbon and fluorocarbon working fluid of the present invention are:
(I) a fluoroolefin of the formula E—R ¹ CH═CHR ² or Z—R ¹ CH═CHR ^{2 where} R ¹ and R ² are independently a C ₁ -C ₆ perfluoroalkyl group ,
(Ii) cyclic of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) _n- ], wherein X, Y, Z and W are independently H or F and n is an integer of 2-5. fluoroolefin, and (iii) tetrafluoroethylene (CF ₂ = CF _2), hexafluoropropene _{(CF 3 CF = CF 2)} , 1,2,3,3,3- pentafluoro-1-propene (CHF = CFCF ₃ ), 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CF ₂ = CHCF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CF ₂ = CFCHF ₂ ) , 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF = CFCHF _2), 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoro-1-propene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 3),} 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF = HCF _3), 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene _{(CF 2 = CFCH 2 F)} , 1,1,3,3- tetrafluoro-1-propene _{(CF 2 = CHCHF 2),} 1 , 2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF = CFCHF _2), 3,3,3- trifluoro-1-propene _{(CH 2 = CHCF 3),} 2,3,3- trifluoro -1 - propene _{(CHF 2 CF = CH 2)} , 1,1,2- trifluoro-1-propene _{(CH 3 CF = CF 2)} , 1,2,3- trifluoro-1-propene (CH ₂ FCF = CF ₂ ), 1,1,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH ₂ FCH═CF ₂ ), 1,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF ₂ CH═CHF), 1,1,1, 2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-butene (C ₃ CF = CFCF _3), 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4- octafluoro-1-butene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF = CF} 2), 1,1,1,2,4, 4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CF═CHCF ₃ ), 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1, 1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CF═CFCF ₃ ), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ( (CF ₃ ) ₂ C═CHF), 1,1,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF ₂ ═CHCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3,4, 4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF ₂ = CFCHFCF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-heptaful Oro-1-butene (CF ₂ = CFCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CH ₂ ), 1,3,3, 4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF ₃ ), 1,2, 3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CF═CFCHF ₂ ), 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH ₂ FCF═CFCF ₃ ), 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CH═ CFCF _3), 1,1,1,3,4,4- hexafluoro-2-butene (C ₃ CH = CFCHF _2), 1,1,2,3,3,4- hexafluoro-1-butene _{(CF 2 = CFCF 2 CH 2} F), 1,1,2,3,4,4- hexafluoro 1-butene _{(CF 2 = CFCHFCHF 2),} 3,3,3- trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene _{(CH 2 = C (CF 3} ) 2), 1,1,1, 2,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH ₂ FCH═CFCF ₃ ), 1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CH═CFCH ₂ F), 3,3,4 , 4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CH═CH ₂ ), 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CH═CHCF ₃ ), 1,1 , 1,2,3-pentafluoro-2-butene _{(CH 3 CF = CFCF 3)} , 2, , 3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CHF 2} ), 1,1,2,4,4- pentafluoro-2-butene _{(CHF 2 CF = CHCHF 2)} , 1, 1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-butene _{(CH 3 CF 2 CF = CF} 2), 1,1,2,3,4- pentafluoro-2-butene _{(CH 2 FCF = CFCHF 2)} , 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF ₂ ═C (CF ₃ ) (CH ₃ )), 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro 1-propene _{(CH 2 = C (CHF 2} ) (CF 3)), 2,3,4,4,4- pentafluoro-1-butene _{(CH 2 = CFCHFCF 3),} 1,2,4,4 , 4-Pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCH ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,3,4, 4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF ₃ ), 1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,2,3,4, 4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF ₂ ), 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene (CH ₂ = CHCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) ) -1-propene (CF ₂ ═C (CHF ₂ ) (CH ₃ )), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF═C (CF ₃ ) (CH ₃ )) ), 3,3-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH ₂ ═C (CHF ₂ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CF═CHCH) _3), 1,1,1,3-Tetorafuru B-2-butene _{(CH 3 CF = CHCF 3)} , 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5- decafluoro-2-pentene _{(CF 3 CF = CFCF 2 CF} 3) , 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5- decafluoro-1-pentene _{(CF 2 = CFCF 2 CF 2} CF 3), 1,1,1,4,4,4 - hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} CHCF 3), 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF═CHCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CH═CFCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,2,3 , 3,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-1-pentene _{(CHF = CFCF 2 CF 2 CF} 3), 1,1,3,3,4, , 5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene _{(CF 2 = CHCF 2 CF 2} CF 3), 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- nonafluoro-1-pentene (CF _{2 = CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2)} , 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-2-pentene _{(CHF 2 CF = CFCF 2 CF} 3), 1,1,1,2 , 3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF═CFCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF═CFCHFCF ₃ ), 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF═CFCF (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1, 2,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF ₂ = CFCH (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF ₃ CH═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1, 1,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF ₂ = CHCF (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 2,3,3,4,4,5,5 5-octafluoro-1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CF 2} CF 3), 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- octafluoro-1-pentene (CHF = CFCF ₂ CF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH ₂ ═C (CF ₃ ) CF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,4,4 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CF 2 = CHCH (CF 3} ) 2), 1, 4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CHF = CHCF (CF 3)} 2), 1,1,4,4,4- pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl methyl) -1-butene _{(CF 2 = C (CF 3} ) CH 2 CF 3), 3,4,4,4- tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF _{3) 2} CFCH = CH _2), 3,3,4,4,5,5,5- heptafluoro-1-pentene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH} = CH 2), 2,3,3,4,4,5, 5-heptafluoro-1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CF 2} CHF 2), 1,1,3,3,5,5,5- heptafluoro-1-butene _{(CF 2 = CHCF 2 CH 2} CF 3 ), 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (C _{3 CF = C (CF 3)} (CH 3)), 2,4,4,4- tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CH 2 = CFCH (CF 3} ) 2), 1, 4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl)- 2-butene (CH ₂ FCH═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH ₃ CF═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ) 1,1,1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ C═CHCH ₃ ), 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2- Pentene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CHCH ₃ ), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro Ro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF ₃ C (CH ₃ ) ═CHCF ₃ ), 3,3,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-1-pentene (CH
₂ = CHCF ₂ CHFCF ₃ ), 4,4,4-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH ₂ ═C (CF ₃ ) CH ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3 , 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- dodecafluoro-1-hexene _{(CF 3 (CF 2) 3} CF = CF 2), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4 , 5,5,6,6,6- dodecafluoro-3- hexene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF = CFCF} 2 CF 3), 1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluoro-2,3-bis (Trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ C═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoro methyl) -2-pentene _{((CF 3) 2 CFCF =} CFCF 3), 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5- octafluoro-2- (g Fluoromethyl) -2-pentene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} CHC 2 F 5), 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5- octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2 Pentene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ CFCF═CHCF ₃ ), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CH═CH ₂ ) , 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CH 2 = CHC (CF 3} ) 3), 1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluoro -3-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) - 2-butene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} C (CH 3) (CF 3)), 2,3,3,5,5,5- hexafluoro - 4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (} CF 3) 2), 1,1,1, , 4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene _{(CF 3 CF = C (CH} 3) CF 2 CF 3), 1,1,1,5,5,5- hexafluoro 4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene _{(CF 3 CH = CHCH (CF} 3) 2), 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- octafluoro-2-hexene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF═CHCH ₃ ), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro 1-hexene (CH ₂ ═CHCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1,1 , 4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ C═CHCF ₂ CH ₃ ), 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (tri fluoromethyl) -1-pentene _{(CH 2 = C (CF 3} ) CH 2 C 2 F 5), 3,3,4,4 , 5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 C} (CH 3) = CH 2), 4,4,5,5,6,6,6- heptafluoro 2-hexenoic _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH} = CHCH 3), 4,4,5,5,6,6,6- heptafluoro-1-hexene _{(CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF 2} C 2 F 5) 1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CFC ₂ H ₅ ), 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4- (trifluoro methyl) -1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF (} CF 3) 2), 1,1,1,2,5,5,5- heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF = CHCH _{(CF 3) (CH 3)} ), 1,1,1,3- tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) - - pentene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} CFC 2 H 5), 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- tetradecanoyl-fluoro-2- heptene _{(CF 3 CF = CFCF 2 CF} 2 C 2 F 5), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- tetradecanoyl-fluoro-3- Heptene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CFCF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ), 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene ( CF ₃ CH═CFCF ₂ CF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ), 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF ₃ CF = CHCF ₂ CF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ), 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CH = CFCF _{2 2} F ₅₎ and 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- tridecafluoro-3-heptene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF = CHCF} 2 C 2 F It may be selected from the group consisting of fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of ₅ ).

  In certain embodiments, these fluoroolefins contain carbon atoms, fluorine atoms, and optionally hydrogen or chlorine atoms, at least one double bond. In one embodiment, the fluoroolefin used in the composition of the present invention comprises a compound with 2 to 12 carbon atoms. In other embodiments, the fluoroolefin comprises a compound with 3-10 carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, the fluoroolefin comprises a compound with 3-7 carbon atoms. Representative fluoroolefins include, but are not limited to, all compounds listed in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

In one embodiment of the invention, the working fluid has the formula E—R ¹ CH═CHR ² or Z—R ¹ CH═CHR ² , wherein R ¹ and R ² are independently C ₁ -C ₆ par. Selected from fluoroolefins having a fluoroalkyl group). R ¹ and R ² groups include, but are not limited to, CF ₃ , C ₂ F _5, CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ , CF (CF ₃ ) ₂ , CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ , CF (CF ₃ ) CF ₂ CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF (CF ₃ ) ₂ , C (CF ₃ ) ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ , CF ₂ CF ₂ CF (CF ₃ ) ₂ , C (CF _{3) 2 C 2 F 5,} CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3, CF (CF 3) CF 2 CF 2 C 2 F 5 and _{C (CF 3) 2 CF 2} C 2 F 5 is illustrated The In one embodiment, the fluoroolefin of formula (i) has at least 4 carbon atoms in the molecule. In other embodiments, the working fluid is selected from fluoroolefins of formula (i) having at least 5 carbon atoms in the molecule. In yet other embodiments, the working fluid is selected from fluoroolefins of formula (i) having at least 6 carbon atoms in the molecule. Non-limiting examples of compounds of formula (i) are shown in Table 1.

A compound of formula (i) is obtained by contacting a perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula R ¹ I with a perfluoroalkyl trihydroolefin of formula R ² CH═CH ₂ to give a trihydroiodide of formula R ¹ CH ₂ CHIR ^2. It may be prepared by forming a perfluoroalkane. This trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane can be dehydroiodinated to form R ¹ CH═CHR ² . Alternatively, the olefin R ¹ CH═CHR ² is similarly formed by reacting a perfluoroalkyl iodide of formula R ² I with a perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin of formula R ¹ CH═CH _2. ^It may be prepared by dehydroiodination of ¹ CHICH ₂ R ² trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane.

  The contact of perfluoroalkyl iodide with perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin is performed in batch mode by combining the reactants in a suitable reaction vessel operable at the reaction temperature and under autogenous pressure of the reactants and products. You can go. Suitable reaction vessels include stainless steel, especially of the austenitic type, and well-known high nickel alloys such as Monel® nickel-copper alloy, Hastelloy® nickel-based alloy and Inconel®. ) Those made from nickel-chromium alloys.

  Alternatively, the reaction may be conducted in a semi-batch mode in which the perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin reactant is added to the perfluoroalkyl iodide reactant at a reaction temperature by a suitable addition device such as a pump.

  The ratio of perfluoroalkyl iodide to perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin is about 1: 1 to about 4: 1, preferably about 1.5: 1 to 2.5: 1. For ratios less than 1.5: 1, Jeanneaux et al., Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, Vol. 4, pages 261-270 (1974), there is a tendency for the 2: 1 adduct to be large.

  The preferred temperature for contacting the perfluoroalkyl iodide with the perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin is preferably about 150 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably about 170 ° C to about 250 ° C, and most preferably about 180 ° C. Within the range of ~ 230 ° C.

  Suitable contact times for the reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodide with perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin are from about 0.5 hours to 18 hours, preferably from about 4 to about 12 hours.

  The trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane prepared by reaction of perfluoroalkyl iodide with perfluoroalkyltrihydroolefin is used directly in the dehydroiodination step or, preferably, before the dehydroiodination step. It may be purified by recovery and distillation.

  The dehydroiodination step is performed by contacting trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane with a basic substance. Suitable basic materials include alkali metal hydroxides (eg, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), alkali metal oxides (eg, sodium oxide), alkaline earth metal hydroxides (eg, calcium hydroxide) And mixtures of basic substances such as alkaline earth metal oxides (eg calcium oxide), alkali metal alkoxides (eg sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide), aqueous ammonia, sodium amide or soda lime. Preferred basic substances are sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

  The contact between the trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane and the basic substance can be carried out in the liquid phase, preferably in the presence of a solvent capable of dissolving at least a part of both substances. Suitable solvents for the dehydroiodination step include one or more polar organic solvents, such as alcohols (eg, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and tertiary butanol), Nitriles (eg acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, benzonitrile or adiponitrile), dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide or sulfolane. The choice of solvent can vary depending on the ease of separation of trace amounts of solvent from the boiling product and the product being purified. Typically, ethanol or isopropanol is a good solvent for the reaction.

  Typically, the dehydroiodination reaction is performed by adding one of the reactants (either a basic material or a trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane) to the other reactant in a suitable reaction vessel. Can do. This reaction can be made from glass, ceramic or metal and is preferably stirred by an impeller or stirring mechanism.

  A suitable temperature for the dehydroiodination reaction is about 10 ° C to about 100 ° C, preferably about 20 ° C to about 70 ° C. The dehydroiodination reaction can be carried out at ambient pressure, reduced pressure or high pressure. Of note is a dehydroiodination reaction in which once the compound of formula (i) is formed, it is distilled from the reaction vessel.

  Alternatively, the dehydroiodination reaction can be accomplished by combining an aqueous solution of this basic material with an aqueous solution of trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane and one or more low polarity organic solvents such as alkanes (eg, hexane, heptane or octane), Aromatic hydrocarbons (eg toluene), halogenated hydrocarbons (eg methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or perchloroethylene) or ethers (eg diethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, In dioxane, dimethoxyethane, diglyme or tetraglyme) in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Suitable phase transfer catalysts include quaternary ammonium halides (eg, tetrabutylammonium bromide, hydrosulfate tetrabutylammonium chloride, triethylbenzylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride and tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride), Quaternary phosphonium halides (eg triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride) or cyclic polyether compounds known in the art as crown ethers (eg 18-crown-6 and 15-crown-5) Is mentioned.

  Alternatively, the dehydroiodination reaction may be carried out without a solvent by adding trihydroiodoperfluoroalkane to a solid or liquid basic substance.

  A suitable reaction time for the dehydroiodination reaction is about 15 minutes to about 6 hours or more, depending on the solubility of the reactants. Typically, the dehydroiodination reaction is rapid and requires about 30 minutes to about 3 hours to complete. The compound of formula (i) can be recovered from the dehydroiodination reaction mixture after addition of water, by phase separation, by evaporation, or a combination thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid is a cyclic fluoroolefin (cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) _n- ] (formula (ii)), wherein X, Y, Z and W are H and Selected from F independently, and n is an integer from 2 to 5). In one embodiment, the fluoroolefin of formula (ii) has at least about 3 carbon atoms in the molecule. In other embodiments, the fluoroolefin of formula (ii) has at least about 4 carbon atoms in the molecule. In other embodiments, the fluoroolefin of formula (ii) has at least about 5 carbon atoms in the molecule. In still other embodiments, the fluoroolefin of formula (ii) has at least about 6 carbon atoms in the molecule. Representative cyclic fluoroolefins of formula (ii) are listed in Table 2.

  The working fluid of the present invention comprises, for example, a single compound of formula (i) or formula (ii), or one of compounds of formula (i) or formula (ii), which is one of the compounds of Table 1 or Table 2 Can be included.

  In other embodiments, the working fluid is selected from fluoroolefins comprising the compounds listed in Table 3.

  The compounds listed in Tables 2 and 3 are either commercially available or can be prepared by processes known in the art or described herein.

1,1,1,4,4-Pentafluoro-2-butene is a 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluorobutane (CHF ₂ CH ₂ CHFCF ₃₎ by solid KOH in the vapor phase at room temperature. ) By dehydrofluorination. The synthesis of 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluorobutane is described in US Pat. No. 6,066,768. 1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene is converted to 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro by reaction with KOH at about 60 ° C. using a phase transfer catalyst. It can be prepared from 2-iodobutane (CF ₃ CHICH ₂ CF ₃ ). The synthesis of 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-iodobutane consists of perfluoromethyl iodide (CF ₃ I) and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (CF ₃ CH═CH ₂ ) For about 8 hours at about 200 ° C. under autogenous pressure.

3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-pentene is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3 at 200-300 ° C. with solid KOH or with a carbon catalyst. - it may be prepared by dehydrofluorination of heptafluoro pentane _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH} 2 CH 3). 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropentane is 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CH═CH ₂ ).

1,1,1,2,3,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene is 1,1,1,2,3,3,4-heptafluorobutane (CH ₂ FCF ₂ CHFCF ₃ ) using solid KOH. Can be prepared by dehydrofluorination.

1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene is 1,1,1,2,2,4,4-heptafluorobutane (CHF ₂ CH ₂ CF ₂ CF) using solid KOH. ₃ ) can be prepared by dehydrofluorination.

1,1,1,3,4,4-Hexafluoro-2-butene is 1,1,1,3,3,4,4-heptafluorobutane (CF ₃ CH ₂ CF ₂ CHF ₂₎ using solid KOH. ) By dehydrofluorination.

1,1,1,2,4-pentafluoro-2-butene is obtained by removing 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluorobutane (CH ₂ FCH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ ) using solid KOH. It can be prepared by hydrofluorination.

1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene is a 1,1,1,3,4,4-hexafluorobutane (CF ₃ CH ₂ CF ₂ CH ₂ F) using solid KOH. It can be prepared by dehydrofluorination.

1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene is obtained by reacting 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (CF ₃ CH ₂ CF ₂ CH ₃ ) with aqueous KOH at 120 ° C. Can be prepared.

1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene reacts with KOH using a phase transfer catalyst at about 60 ° C. to give (CF ₃ CHICH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ ) Can be prepared from The synthesis of 4-iodo-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoropentane was perfluoroethyl iodide (CF ₃ CF ₂ I) at about 200 ° C. under an autogenous pressure for about 8 hours. ) And 3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene is obtained by reaction with KOH at about 60 ° C. using a phase transfer catalyst. It can be prepared from 1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-iodohexane (CF ₃ CF ₂ CHICH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ ). The synthesis of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-iodohexane was performed at about 200 ° C. under autogenous pressure for about 8 hours perfluoroethyl iodide ( CF ₃ CF ₂ I) and 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CH═CH ₂ ).

1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene is converted to 1,1,1,2,5,5,5-hepta with KOH in isopropanol. It can be prepared by dehydrofluorination of fluoro-4-iodo-2- (trifluoromethyl) -pentane (CF ₃ CHICH ₂ CF (CF ₃ ) ₂ ). _{CF 3 CHICH 2 CF (CF 3} ) 2 , the high temperature, for example, the (CF _{3) 2} CFI at about 200 ° C., is prepared from the reaction of CF ₃ CH = CH _2.

1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-2-hexene is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CH = CHCF ₃ ), tetrafluoroethylene (CF ₂ = CF ₂ ) and antimony pentafluoride (SbF ₅ ).

  2,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene is prepared by dehydrofluorination of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorobutane at high temperature with fluorinated alumina be able to.

  2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentene is the desorption of 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropentane with solid KOH. It can be prepared by hydrofluorination.

  1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentene is obtained by fluorinated alumina at 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5- It can be prepared by dehydrofluorination of nonafluoropentane.

  Many of the compounds of Formula 1, Formula 2, Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 exist as isomers or stereoisomers of different constitutions. When no particular isomer is specified, the present invention is meant to include all single component isomers, single stereoisomers, or any combination thereof. For example, F11E shall represent the E-isomer, Z-isomer or any combination or mixture of both isomers in any ratio. As another example, HFO-1225ye shall represent the E-isomer, the Z-isomer, or any combination or mixture of both isomers in any ratio.

  Further, the working fluid may be any of the single fluoroolefins of formula (i), formula (ii), Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, or Formula (i), Formula (ii), Table 1, Table 2, and It can be any combination of different fluoroolefins from Table 3.

In certain embodiments, the working fluid comprises a single fluoroolefin or multiple fluoroolefins selected from Formula (i), Formula (ii), Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, and a hydrofluorocarbon, fluoroether, hydrocarbon , CF ₃ I, ammonia (NH ₃ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) and at least one additional refrigerant selected from these mixtures, which means any mixture of the aforementioned compounds Any combination of the above may be used.

The hydrofluorocarbon working fluid may further include compounds having any combination of hydrogen and fluorine and carbon, including carbon-carbon double compounds. Hydrofluorocarbon working fluids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethane (HFC-23), difluoromethane (HFC-32), fluoromethane (HFC-41), pentafluoroethane (HFC). -125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC- 143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3 , 3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HF -227ea), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43) -10 mee), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoroheptane (HFC-63-14mcee), cis- or trans-1 , 2-difluoroethene (HFO-1132), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), cis- or trans- 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ye), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), cis- or trans-1,2,3,3 -Pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc), cis- or trans-1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro -2-butene (HFO-1327my), cis- or trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-1336mzz), 3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro- 3-trifluoromethyl-1-butene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ CFCH═CH ₂ , HFO-1447 fzy), cis- or trans-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2 Pentene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CH═CHCF ₃ , HFO-1438 mzz), cis- or trans-1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-trideca Fluoro-3-heptene (HFO-162-13mczy) and cis- or trans-1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3- Examples include heptene (HFO-162-13mcyz) and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrofluorocarbon working fluid comprises difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1, 1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetra Selected from the group consisting of fluoropropene (HFO-1234ze) and mixtures thereof.

  The chlorofluorocarbon working fluid includes compounds having any combination of chlorine and fluorine and carbon, and can include compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds having a normal boiling point of less than 0 ° C. Representative chlorofluorocarbon working fluids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), fluorotrichloromethane (CFC-11), 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113), 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114) and mixtures thereof.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbon working fluids include compounds having any combination of hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine and carbon, and can include compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds having a normal boiling point of less than 0 ° C. Representative hydrochlorofluorocarbon working fluids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO- 1233xf, CF ₃ CCl═CH ₂ ), cis- or trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd, CF ₃ CH═CHCl) and mixtures thereof.

  Fluorocarbon working fluids include compounds having any combination of fluorine and carbon, and may include compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds and cyclic compounds. Fluorocarbon working fluids useful in the present invention are not limited to these, but are perfluoromethane (FC-14), perfluoroethane (FC-116), perfluoropropane (FC-218), perfluorocyclobutane. (FC-C318), octafluoro-2-butene (FO-1318my) and mixtures thereof are exemplified.

  Non-fluorinated hydrocarbon working fluids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, cyclopropane, propylene, n-butane, butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n Mention may be made of pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the working fluid used herein is also from water, a mixture of water and other water soluble compounds such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and butanol and alcohols including mixtures thereof. It can also be selected from the group consisting of Other compounds are also HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HCFC-22, FC-14, FC-116, CFC-12, Mention may also be made of NH ₃ , CO ₂ , N ₂ , O ₂ , H ₂ , Ar, methane, ethane, propane, cyclopropane, propylene, butane, butene and isobutane.

  Mixtures of working fluids are also useful to obtain the proper boiling point or pressure appropriate for the absorption equipment. In particular, mixtures that form azeotropes, azeotrope-like compositions or constant boiling mixtures may be preferred. This is because even if the working fluid leaks from the absorption cooling system, fractionation of the mixture occurs with minimal or no occurrence.

  In other embodiments, the hydrofluorocarbon working fluid may comprise a mixture or blend of hydrofluorocarbons and other compounds, such as hydrofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons or other compounds. Such working fluid blends include the following compositions.

At least one compound selected from the group consisting of HFO-1447fzy and cis- or trans-HFO-1438mzz, cis- or trans-HFO-1336mzz, HCFO-1233xf, and cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd;
At least one compound selected from the group consisting of cis-HFO-1438mzz and trans-HFO-1438mzz, cis- or trans-HFO-1336mzz, HCFO-1233xf and cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd;
At least one compound selected from the group consisting of trans-HFO-1438mzz and cis- or trans-HFO-1336mzz, HCFO-1233xf, cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd and isopentane;
Cis-HFO-1336mzz, trans-HFO-1336mzz, HCFO-1233xf, cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd, isopentane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, methyl formate, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethane (HCFC-123) and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and trans-HFO-1336mzz and HCFO-1233xf and cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd At least one compound selected from the group;
HCFO-1233xf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cis- and trans-HCFO-1233zd.

  In other embodiments, the working fluid that is a mixture may be an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition as follows.

From about 51 weight percent to about 70 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 49 weight percent to about 30 weight percent isopentane;
From about 62 weight percent to about 78 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 38 weight percent to about 22 weight percent n-pentane;
From about 75 weight percent to about 88 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 25 weight percent to about 12 weight percent cyclopentane;
From about 25 weight percent to about 35 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 75 weight percent to about 65 weight percent HCFC-123;
About 67 weight percent to about 87 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and about 33 weight percent to about 13 weight percent trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and about 61 weight percent to about 78 weight percent trans-HFO-1438 mzz. And from about 39 weight percent to about 22 weight percent isopentane.

In a preferred embodiment of the absorption cycle of the absorbent present invention, the absorbent used primarily chosen working fluid (e.g., ammonia or CO _2, HFO-1336mzz or HFO-1234yf or HCFO-1233zd or HCFO-1233xf, or their The ionic compound that can be any ionic liquid that absorbs the mixture. Suitable ionic compounds that absorb the working fluid are ionic liquids in which the working fluid is miscible, at least in part. The energy efficiency of the absorption power cycle generally increases as the absorption of the ionic liquid into the working fluid (ie, the working fluid is highly miscible or the working fluid is to a significant extent soluble). To do.

Many ionic liquids react with nitrogen-containing heterocycles, preferably heteroaromatic rings, with alkylating agents (eg, alkyl halides) to form quaternary ammonium salts, and various Lewis acids or their It is formed by performing an ion exchange with a conjugate base or other suitable reaction to form an ionic compound. Suitable heteroaromatic rings include substituted pyridines, imidazoles, substituted imidazoles, pyrroles and substituted pyrroles. These rings can be alkylated by virtually any linear, branched or cyclic C _1-20 alkyl group, but preferably the alkyl group is a C _1-16 group. Various triaryl phosphines, thioethers, cyclic and acyclic quaternary ammonium salts may also be used for this purpose. Counter ions that may be used include chloroaluminate, bromoaluminate, gallium chloride, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, nitrate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, methylsulfonate, p-toluenesulfone Acid salt, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluoroarsenate, tetrachloroaluminate, tetrabromoaluminate, perchlorate, hydroxide anion, copper dichloride anion, iron trichloride anion, zinc trichloride Examples include anions and various lanthanum, potassium, lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and other metal-containing anions.

  Ionic liquids may be synthesized by salt metathesis, by acid-base neutralization reactions, or by quaternization of selected nitrogen-containing compounds, such as Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) or BASF (Mount Olive, New Jersey), etc. Commercial products may be obtained from several companies.

  Representative examples of ionic liquids useful here are those described in J. Org. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol. 68: 351-356 (1997), Chem. Ind. 68: 249-263 (1996); Phys. Condensed Matter, 5: (sup 34B): B99-B106 (1993), Chemical and Engineering News, Mar. 30, 1998, 32-37; Mater. Chem. 8: 2627-2636 (1998); Chem. Rev. , 99: 2071-2084 (1999) and WO 05 / 113,702 pamphlet and the like (and references cited therein). In one embodiment, a library of ionic compounds, ie, a combinatorial library, may be created, for example, by preparing various alkyl derivatives of quaternary ammonium cations and changing the associated anions. The acidity of the ionic compound can be adjusted by changing the molar equivalent, type and combination of Lewis acids.

  Suitable ionic liquids for use as an absorbent include cations selected from the following and mixtures thereof. Lithium, sodium, potassium, cerium and the following formula:

Wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are
(I) H,
(Ii) halogen,
(Iii) optionally Cl, Br, F, I, OH, substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of NH ₂ and _{SH, -CH 3, -C 2 H} 5 or C ₃ ~ A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(Iv) selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH 1-3 -CH ₃ containing a hetero atom, -C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ -C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene that,
(V) C ₆ ~C ₂₀ unsubstituted aryl or O, N, C ₃ ~C ₂₅ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,, and (vi) C ₆ ~C ₂₅ substituted aryl, or O, N, a C ₃ -C ₂₅ substituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,,
(1) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(2) OH,
(3) NH ₂ and (4) SH
Independently selected from the group consisting of substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl having 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are
(I) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(Ii) selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH 1-3 -CH ₃ containing a hetero atom, -C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ -C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene that,
(Iii) C ₆ ~C ₂₅ unsubstituted aryl or O, N, C ₃ ~C ₂₅ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,,
(Iv) C ₆ ~C ₂₅ substituted aryl, or O, N, a C ₃ -C ₂₅ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S, ,
(1) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(2) OH,
(3) NH ₂ and (4) SH
Independently selected from the group consisting of substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl having 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
Optionally, at least two of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are taken together to form a cyclic or bicyclic alkanyl Or an alkenyl group can be formed.

Suitable ionic liquids for use as absorbents include those having anions selected from the following and mixtures thereof. [CH ₃ CO ₂ ] ⁻ , [HSO ₄ ] ⁻ , [CH ₃ OSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [C ₂ H ₅ OSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [AlCl ₄ ] ⁻ , [CO ₃ ] ²⁻ , [HCO ₃ ] ⁻ , [NO ₂ ] ⁻ , [NO ₃ ] ⁻ , [SO ₄ ] ²⁻ , [PO ₃ ] ³⁻ , [HPO ₃ ] ²⁻ , [H ₂ PO ₃ ] ¹⁻ , [PO ₄ ] ³⁻ , [HPO ₄ ] ²⁻ , [H ₂ PO ₄ ] ⁻ , [HSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CuCl ₂ ] ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , SCN ⁻ , BR ¹ R ² R ³ R ⁴ , BOR ¹ OR ² OR ³ OR ⁴ , a carboxylate (1-carbadodecaborate (1-)) optionally substituted with alkyl or substituted alkyl, optionally substituted with alkylamine, substituted alkylamine, alkyl or substituted alkyl Carborane (dicarbadodecaborate (1-)) and preferably any fluorinated anion. Fluorinated anions useful here include [BF ₄ ] ⁻ , [PF ₆ ] ⁻ , [SbF ₆ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [HCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ HFCCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [HCClFCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ CF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C] ^- , [CF ₃ CO ₂ ] ^- , [CF ₃ OCFHCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ^- , [CF ₃ CF ₂ OCFHCFCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ^- , [CF ₃ CFHOCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ^- , [CF ₂ HCF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₂ ICF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [(CF ₂ HCF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , _{[(CF 3 CFHCF 2 SO 2} ) 2 N] - , and F ^- and the like. Other suitable anions include the formula

Are mentioned,
Wherein R ¹¹ is
(I) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₁₀ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(Ii) selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH 1-3 -CH ₃ containing a hetero atom, -C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ -C ₁₀ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene that,
(Iii) C ₆ ~C ₁₀ unsubstituted aryl or O, N, C ₃ ~C ₁₀ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,, and (Iv) C ₆ -C ₁₀ substituted aryl, or C ₃ -C ₁₀ substituted heteroaryl having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, When this substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl is
(1) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₁₀ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(2) OH,
(3) NH ₂ and (4) SH
Independently selected from the group consisting of those having 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of

In other embodiments, ionic liquids suitable for use herein include pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, triazolium, phosphonium, ammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, cesium, choline, dimethylimidazole A cation selected from the group consisting of lithium, guanidinium, lithium, phosphonium choline (hydroxyethyltrimethylphosphonium), potassium, sodium, tetramethylammonium, tetramethylphosphonium, and aminoacetic acid (glycine), ascorbate, benzoate, Catecholate, citrate, dimethyl phosphate, formate, fumarate, gallate, glycolate, glyoxylate, imino divinegar Salt, isobutyrate, kojate (5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone ion), lactate, levulinate, oxalate, pivalate, propionate, pyruvate, salicylate, Succinamate, succinate, tiglate (CH ₃ CH═C (CH ₃ ) COO ⁻ ), tetrafluoroborate, tetrafluoroethanesulfonate and tropolonate (2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cyclohepta Trien-1-one ion), [CH ₃ CO ₂ ] ⁻ , [HSO ₄ ] ⁻ , [CH ₃ OSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [C ₂ H ₅ OSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [AlCl ₄ ] ⁻ , [CO ₃ ]. ^2- , [HCO ₃ ] ^- , [NO ₂ ] ^- , [NO ₃ ] ^- , [SO ₄ ] ^2- , [PO ₄ ] ^3- , [HPO ₄ ] ^2- , [H ₂ PO ₄ ] ^- , ^{_{[HSO 3] -, [CuCl}} 2] -, Cl -, ^{r -, I -, SCN -} , [BF 4] -, [PF 6] -, [SbF 6] -, [CF 3 SO 3] -, [HCF 2 CF 2 SO 3] -, [CF 3 HFCCF 2 SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [HCClFCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ CF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CO ₂ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ OCHFHCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CF ₂ OCFHCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CFHOCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₂ HCF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₂ ICF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CF ₂ OCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [(CF ₂ HCF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ₋ , [ An anion selected from the group consisting of (CF ₃ CFHCF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , F ⁻ and any fluorinated anion. You may have.

  The working fluid will preferably be miscible or soluble with the ionic liquid used herein, from the operating temperature range of the absorption system, in particular from the operating temperature of the evaporator to the operating temperature of the generator. As a result, over the temperature range of the absorption system, various different levels of relative content of working fluid and absorbent are preferred in the absorption cycle, and the concentration of either working fluid or ionic liquid in the composition formed therefrom. May be in the range of about 1 wt% to about 99 wt% of the combined weight of the ionic liquid and the working fluid.

  In various embodiments of the invention, formed by selecting any of the individual cations described or disclosed herein and selecting the individual anions described or disclosed herein that pair with the cations. The resulting ionic compound may be used as an absorbent in an absorption power cycle. Correspondingly, in yet other embodiments, (i) cations of any size taken from the total group of cations described and disclosed herein in all various different combinations of individual classes of the total group By selecting a subgroup of anions of any size taken from the total group of anions described and disclosed herein in all different combinations of individual classes of (ii) total groups A formed subgroup of ionic liquids may be used as an absorbent. When forming an ionic liquid or a subgroup of ionic liquids by making a selection as described above, the ionic liquid or subgroup does not have a class of cations and / or anions that are excluded from the total group to make a selection. If desired, the selection may be made with respect to the total group class excluded from use rather than from the class group used.

  The absorbent used in the absorption power cycle is desirably a compound having a high solubility in the working fluid (eg, ammonia) and also a very high boiling point compared to the working fluid.

  The absorbent used in the present invention may contain (but not necessarily) an ionic liquid, i.e. may contain or consist essentially of a nonionic compound. Suitable nonionic compound absorbents include, but are not limited to, ethers, esters, amides and ketones.

  An ionic liquid or a mixture of non-ionic compounds or a mixture of non-ionic compounds and ionic liquids may be used here as an absorbent, and such a mixture is desirable to achieve, for example, suitable absorption behavior.

  Additives such as lubricants, crystallization inhibitors, rust inhibitors, stabilizers, dyes and other suitable materials can have undesirable effects to the extent that the working fluid is soluble in the ionic liquid absorbent. If not provided, it may be added to the working fluid / absorbent pair composition useful in the present invention for various purposes. The working fluid / absorbent pair composition of the present invention comprises mixing or combining desired amounts of each component in a suitable container, for example, using a known type of stirrer having a rotating mixing element, It may be prepared by any convenient method.

  Crystallization inhibitors include copending PCT patent application PCT / US09 / 63599 filed on Nov. 6, 2009 and co-pending US provisional application 61 / 165,089 filed Mar. 31, 2009. No. 61 / 165,093, 61 / 165,147, 61 / 165,155, 61 / 165,160, 61 / 165,161 No. 61 / 165,166 and 61 / 165,173.

Claims (17)

(A) an absorber for absorbing the working fluid into the absorbent to form a mixture of the absorbent and the working fluid;
(B) a first heat exchanger disposed in fluid communication with the absorber to receive and preheat the absorbent and working fluid from the absorber;
(C) a liquid pump for pumping the mixture of absorbent and working fluid from the absorber to the first heat exchanger;
(D) fluid communication with the first heat exchanger for receiving the preheated mixture from the first heat exchanger and releasing high pressure steam of the working fluid by transferring additional heat to the premix; Generator generator arranged in a
(E) a device for generating mechanical work disposed in fluid communication with the generator generator to generate mechanical work from the high pressure working fluid, and the absorbent comprises an ionic liquid; Absorption power cycle system. (A) a condenser that condenses the high-pressure working fluid exiting the device for producing the mechanical work;
(B) an expansion device for reducing the pressure and partially evaporating the working fluid;
The absorption power cycle system according to claim 1, further comprising: (c) an evaporator for completely evaporating the working fluid and performing cooling. The ionic liquid contains a cation and an anion, and the cation is lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, and the following formula:

Selected from the group consisting of
Wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ¹² and R ¹³ are
(I) H,
(Ii) halogen,
(Iii) optionally Cl, Br, F, I, OH, substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of NH ₂ and _{SH, -CH 3, -C 2 H} 5 or C ₃ ~ A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(Iv) selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH 1-3 -CH ₃ containing a hetero atom, -C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ -C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene that,
(V) C ₆ ~C ₂₀ unsubstituted aryl or O, N, C ₃ ~C ₂₅ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,, and (vi) C ₆ ~C ₂₅ substituted aryl, or O, N, a C ₃ -C ₂₅ substituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,, The substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl is
(1) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(2) OH,
(3) NH ₂ and (4) SH
Independently selected from the group consisting of those having 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are
(I) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(Ii) selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH 1-3 -CH ₃ containing a hetero atom, -C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ -C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene that,
(Iii) C ₆ ~C ₂₅ unsubstituted aryl or O, N, C ₃ ~C ₂₅ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,, and (iv) C ₆ ~C ₂₅ substituted aryl, or O, N, a C ₃ -C ₂₅ substituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,,
(1) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₂₅ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(2) OH,
(3) NH ₂ and (4) SH
Independently selected from the group consisting of substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl having 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
Optionally, at least two of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are taken together to form a cyclic or bicyclic alkanyl Or an alkenyl group can be formed,
The anion is
[CH ₃ CO ₂ ] ⁻ , [HSO ₄ ] ⁻ , [CH ₃ OSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [C ₂ H ₅ OSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [AlCl ₄ ] ⁻ , [CO ₃ ] ²⁻ , [HCO ₃ ] ⁻ , [NO ₂ ] ⁻ , [NO ₃ ] ⁻ , [SO ₄ ] ²⁻ , [PO ₃ ] ³⁻ , [HPO ₃ ] ²⁻ , [H ₂ PO ₃ ] ¹⁻ , [PO ₄ ] ³⁻ , [HPO ₄ ] ²⁻ , [H ₂ PO ₄ ] ⁻ , [HSO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CuCl ₂ ] ⁻ , Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , SCN ⁻ , BR ¹ R ² R ³ R ⁴ , BOR ¹ OR ² OR ³ OR ⁴ , a carboxylate (1-carbadodecaborate (1-)) optionally substituted with alkyl or substituted alkyl, optionally substituted with alkylamine, substituted alkylamine, alkyl or substituted alkyl Carborane (dicarbadodecaborate (1-)), [BF ₄ ] ⁻ , [PF ₆ ] ⁻ , [SbF ₆ ] ⁻ , [C F ₃ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [HCF ₂ CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ HFCCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [HCClFCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ CF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CO ₂ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ OCHFHCF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [CF ₃ CF ₂ OCFHCCF ₂ SO _{3 ^{] -, [CF 3 CFHOCF 2}} CF 2 SO 3] -, [CF 2 HCF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 SO 3] -, [CF 2 ICF 2 OCF 2 CF 2 SO 3] -, [CF 3 CF 2 OCF 2 CF ₂ SO ₃ ] ⁻ , [(CF ₂ HCF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , [(CF ₃ CFHCF ₂ SO ₂ ) ₂ N] ⁻ , F ⁻ and the formula

Selected from the group consisting of
(Wherein R ¹¹ is
(I) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₁₀ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(Ii) selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH 1-3 -CH ₃ containing a hetero atom, -C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ -C ₁₀ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene that,
(Iii) C ₆ ~C ₁₀ unsubstituted aryl or O, N, C ₃ ~C ₁₀ unsubstituted heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of Si and S,, and (Iv) C ₆ -C ₁₀ substituted aryl, or C ₃ -C ₁₀ substituted heteroaryl having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S,
(1) —CH ₃ , —C ₂ H ₅ or C ₃ —, optionally substituted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, F, I, OH, NH ₂ and SH A C ₁₀ linear, branched or cyclic alkane or alkene,
(2) OH,
(3) NH ₂ and (4) SH
Independently selected from the group consisting of substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl having 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
Optionally, at least two of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ , R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ are taken together to form a cyclic or bicyclic alkanyl Or an alkenyl group can be formed)
The absorption power cycle system according to claim 1.   The absorption power cycle system of claim 1, wherein the working fluid comprises water or ammonia. The working fluid is hydrofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, chlorofluorocarbon, fluorocarbon, nitrogen (N ₂ ), oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), argon (Ar), hydrogen (H ₂ ), fluorinated. The absorption power cycle system of claim 1, comprising a working fluid selected from the group consisting of non-hydrocarbons, methanol and mixtures of any of the foregoing. Hydrocarbonoxy that is not the fluorination selected C ₁ -C ₇ linear, branched or cyclic alkanes and C ₁ -C ₇ linear, from the group consisting of branched or cyclic alkene The absorption power cycle system according to claim 5. The working fluid is
(I) a fluoroolefin of the formula E—R ¹ CH═CHR ² or Z—R ¹ CH═CHR ^{2 where} R ¹ and R ² are independently a C ₁ -C ₆ perfluoroalkyl group ,
(Ii) cyclic of the formula cyclo- [CX = CY (CZW) _n- ], wherein X, Y, Z and W are independently H or F and n is an integer of 2-5. fluoroolefin, and (iii) tetrafluoroethylene (CF ₂ = CF _2), hexafluoropropene _{(CF 3 CF = CF 2)} , 1,2,3,3,3- pentafluoro-1-propene (CHF = CFCF ₃ ), 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CF ₂ = CHCF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propene (CF ₂ = CFCHF ₂ ) , 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF = CFCHF _2), 2,3,3,3- tetrafluoro-1-propene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 3),} 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF = HCF _3), 1,1,2,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene _{(CF 2 = CFCH 2 F)} , 1,1,3,3- tetrafluoro-1-propene _{(CF 2 = CHCHF 2),} 1 , 2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (CHF = CFCHF _2), 3,3,3- trifluoro-1-propene _{(CH 2 = CHCF 3),} 2,3,3- trifluoro -1 - propene _{(CHF 2 CF = CH 2)} , 1,1,2- trifluoro-1-propene _{(CH 3 CF = CF 2)} , 1,2,3- trifluoro-1-propene (CH ₂ FCF = CF ₂ ), 1,1,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CH ₂ FCH═CF ₂ ), 1,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (CHF ₂ CH═CHF), 1,1,1, 2,3,4,4,4-octafluoro-2-butene (C ₃ CF = CFCF _3), 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4- octafluoro-1-butene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF = CF} 2), 1,1,1,2,4, 4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CF═CHCF ₃ ), 1,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1, 1,1,2,3,4,4-heptafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CF═CFCF ₃ ), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene ( (CF ₃ ) ₂ C═CHF), 1,1,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF ₂ ═CHCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3,4, 4,4-heptafluoro-1-butene (CF ₂ = CFCHFCF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3,3,4,4-heptaful Oro-1-butene (CF ₂ = CFCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 2,3,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CH ₂ ), 1,3,3, 4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCHFCF ₃ ), 1,2, 3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1-butene (CHF═CFCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CF═CFCHF ₂ ), 1,1,1,2,3,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CH ₂ FCF═CFCF ₃ ), 1,1,1,2,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CH═ CFCF _3), 1,1,1,3,4,4- hexafluoro-2-butene (C ₃ CH = CFCHF _2), 1,1,2,3,3,4- hexafluoro-1-butene _{(CF 2 = CFCF 2 CH 2} F), 1,1,2,3,4,4- hexafluoro 1-butene _{(CF 2 = CFCHFCHF 2),} 3,3,3- trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-propene _{(CH 2 = C (CF 3} ) 2), 1,1,1, 2,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CH ₂ FCH═CFCF ₃ ), 1,1,1,3,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CH═CFCH ₂ F), 3,3,4 , 4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CH═CH ₂ ), 1,1,1,4,4-pentafluoro-2-butene (CHF ₂ CH═CHCF ₃ ), 1,1 , 1,2,3-pentafluoro-2-butene _{(CH 3 CF = CFCF 3)} , 2, , 3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CHF 2} ), 1,1,2,4,4- pentafluoro-2-butene _{(CHF 2 CF = CHCHF 2)} , 1, 1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-butene _{(CH 3 CF 2 CF = CF} 2), 1,1,2,3,4- pentafluoro-2-butene _{(CH 2 FCF = CFCHF 2)} , 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CF ₂ ═C (CF ₃ ) (CH ₃ )), 2- (difluoromethyl) -3,3,3-trifluoro 1-propene _{(CH 2 = C (CHF 2} ) (CF 3)), 2,3,4,4,4- pentafluoro-1-butene _{(CH 2 = CFCHFCF 3),} 1,2,4,4 , 4-Pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCH ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,3,4, 4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCHFCF ₃ ), 1,3,3,4,4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CHCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,2,3,4, 4-pentafluoro-1-butene (CHF = CFCHFCHF ₂ ), 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene (CH ₂ = CHCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) ) -1-propene (CF ₂ ═C (CHF ₂ ) (CH ₃ )), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-methyl-1-propene (CHF═C (CF ₃ ) (CH ₃ )) ), 3,3-difluoro-2- (difluoromethyl) -1-propene (CH ₂ ═C (CHF ₂ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-butene (CF ₃ CF═CHCH) _3), 1,1,1,3-Tetorafuru B-2-butene _{(CH 3 CF = CHCF 3)} , 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5- decafluoro-2-pentene _{(CF 3 CF = CFCF 2 CF} 3) , 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5- decafluoro-1-pentene _{(CF 2 = CFCF 2 CF 2} CF 3), 1,1,1,4,4,4 - hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} CHCF 3), 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF═CHCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CH═CFCF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,2,3 , 3,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-1-pentene _{(CHF = CFCF 2 CF 2 CF} 3), 1,1,3,3,4, , 5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-pentene _{(CF 2 = CHCF 2 CF 2} CF 3), 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- nonafluoro-1-pentene (CF _{2 = CFCF 2 CF 2 CHF 2)} , 1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-2-pentene _{(CHF 2 CF = CFCF 2 CF} 3), 1,1,1,2 , 3,4,4,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF═CFCF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF═CFCHFCF ₃ ), 1,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF═CFCF (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1, 2,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF ₂ = CFCH (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CF ₃ CH═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1, 1,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CF ₂ = CHCF (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 2,3,3,4,4,5,5 5-octafluoro-1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CF 2} CF 3), 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- octafluoro-1-pentene (CHF = CFCF ₂ CF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 3,3,4,4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH ₂ ═C (CF ₃ ) CF ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,4,4 4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CF 2 = CHCH (CF 3} ) 2), 1, 4,4,4-pentafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CHF = CHCF (CF 3)} 2), 1,1,4,4,4- pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl methyl) -1-butene _{(CF 2 = C (CF 3} ) CH 2 CF 3), 3,4,4,4- tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene ((CF _{3) 2} CFCH = CH _2), 3,3,4,4,5,5,5- heptafluoro-1-pentene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH} = CH 2), 2,3,3,4,4,5, 5-heptafluoro-1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CF 2} CHF 2), 1,1,3,3,5,5,5- heptafluoro-1-butene _{(CF 2 = CHCF 2 CH 2} CF 3 ), 1,1,1,2,4,4,4-heptafluoro-3-methyl-2-butene (C _{3 CF = C (CF 3)} (CH 3)), 2,4,4,4- tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CH 2 = CFCH (CF 3} ) 2), 1, 4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CHF = CHCH (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,4-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl)- 2-butene (CH ₂ FCH═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene (CH ₃ CF═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ) 1,1,1-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ C═CHCH ₃ ), 3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2- Pentene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CHCH ₃ ), 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro Ro-2-methyl-2-butene (CF ₃ C (CH ₃ ) ═CHCF ₃ ), 3,3,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro-1-pentene (CH
₂ = CHCF ₂ CHFCF ₃ ), 4,4,4-trifluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene (CH ₂ ═C (CF ₃ ) CH ₂ CF ₃ ), 1,1,2,3 , 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- dodecafluoro-1-hexene _{(CF 3 (CF 2) 3} CF = CF 2), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4 , 5,5,6,6,6- dodecafluoro-3- hexene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF = CFCF} 2 CF 3), 1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluoro-2,3-bis (Trifluoromethyl) -2-butene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ C═C (CF ₃ ) ₂ ), 1,1,1,2,3,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4- (trifluoro methyl) -2-pentene _{((CF 3) 2 CFCF =} CFCF 3), 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5- octafluoro-2- (g Fluoromethyl) -2-pentene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} CHC 2 F 5), 1,1,1,3,4,5,5,5- octafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) -2 Pentene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ CFCF═CHCF ₃ ), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CH═CH ₂ ) , 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-bis (trifluoromethyl) -1-butene _{(CH 2 = CHC (CF 3} ) 3), 1,1,1,4,4,4- hexafluoro -3-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-butene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} C (CH 3) (CF 3)), 2,3,3,5,5,5- hexafluoro - 4- (trifluoromethyl) -1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CFCF 2 CH (} CF 3) 2), 1,1,1,2 , 4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-methyl-2-pentene _{(CF 3 CF = C (CH} 3) CF 2 CF 3), 1,1,1,5,5,5- hexafluoro 4- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene _{(CF 3 CH = CHCH (CF} 3) 2), 3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- octafluoro-2-hexene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF ₂ CF═CHCH ₃ ), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoro 1-hexene (CH ₂ ═CHCF ₂ CF ₂ CF ₂ CHF ₂ ), 1,1,1 , 4,4-pentafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pentene ((CF ₃ ) ₂ C═CHCF ₂ CH ₃ ), 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoro-2- (tri fluoromethyl) -1-pentene _{(CH 2 = C (CF 3} ) CH 2 C 2 F 5), 3,3,4,4 5,5,5-heptafluoro-2-methyl-1-pentene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 C} (CH 3) = CH 2), 4,4,5,5,6,6,6- heptafluoro - 2- hexene _{(CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 CH} = CHCH 3), 4,4,5,5,6,6,6- heptafluoro-1-hexene _{(CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF 2} C 2 F 5), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4-heptafluoro-3-hexene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CFC ₂ H ₅ ), 4,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) ) 1-pentene _{(CH 2 = CHCH 2 CF (} CF 3) 2), 1,1,1,2,5,5,5- heptafluoro-4-methyl-2-pentene (CF ₃ CF = CHCH ( _{CF 3) (CH 3))} , 1,1,1,3- tetrafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) - - pentene _{((CF 3) 2 C =} CFC 2 H 5), 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- tetradecanoyl-fluoro-2- heptene _{(CF 3 CF = CFCF 2 CF} 2 C 2 F 5), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7- tetradecanoyl-fluoro-3- Heptene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CFCF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ), 1,1,1,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene ( CF ₃ CH═CFCF ₂ CF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ), 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-2-heptene (CF ₃ CF = CHCF ₂ CF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ), 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CH = CFCF ₂ C ₂ F ₅ ) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (CF ₃ CF ₂ CF═CHCF ₂ C ₂ F The absorption power cycle system according to claim 5, comprising at least one hydrofluorocarbon or fluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of fluoroolefins selected from the group consisting of ₅ ).   The fluoroolefin is 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoropent-2-ene, 1 1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-decafluorohex-2-ene, 1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) ) Pent-2-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluorohex-3-ene, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6 , 6,7,7,7-dodecafluorohept-2-ene, 1,1,1,4,4,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl) hex-2-ene, 1,1,1,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonfluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) hex-2-ene, 1,1,1,5,5,5-he Safluoro-4,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) pent-2-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-dodecafluorohept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl) hex-3-ene, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6 , 7,7,8,8,8-tetradecafluorooct-2-ene, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,7,7,7-undecafluoro-6- (tri Fluoromethyl) hept-2-ene, 1,1,1,5,5,6,6,6-octafluoro-4,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) hex-2-ene, 1,1,1, 2,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tetradecafluorooct-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,7, , 7-Undecafluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) hept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,6,6,7,7,7-undecafluoro-5- (tri Fluoromethyl) hept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,6,6,6-octafluoro-5,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) hex-3-ene, 1,1,1, 2,2,3,3,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tetradecafluorooct-4-ene, 1,1,1,2,5,6,6,6-octafluoro- 2,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) hex-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-undecafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) hepta -3-ene, 1,1,1,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-hexadecafluoronon-2-e 1,1,1,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) hept-2-ene, 1,1,1 , 6,6,6-octafluoro-4,4-bis (trifluoromethyl) hept-2-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,8, 8,9,9,9-hexadecafluoronon-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-7- ( Trifluoromethyl) oct-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,6,6,7,7,7-decafluoro-5,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) hept-3-ene, 1,1,2,2,3,3,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-hexadecafluoronon-4-ene, 1,1,1,2,2, 3, 3, 6, 6, 7, , 8,8-Tridecafluoro-7- (trifluoromethyl) oct-4-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,6,7,7,8,8,8-trideca Fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) oct-4-ene, 1,1,1,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-decafluoro-2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl) hepta 3-ene, 1,1,1,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-2 (trifluoromethyl) oct-3-ene, 1,1, 1,2,5,5,6,7,7,7-decafluoro-2,6-bis (trifluoromethyl) hept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,5,6,6,7 , 7,7-decafluoro-2,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) hept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,6,6,6-heptafluoro-2, , 5-Tris (trifluoromethyl) hex-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10 -Octadecafluorodec-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-pentadecafluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl ) Non-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-5,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-octadecafluorodec-4-ene, 1,1,1 , 2,2,3,3,6,6,7,7,8,9,9,9-pentadecafluoro-8- (trifluoromethyl) non-4-ene, 1,1,1,2, 2, 3, 3, 7 , 7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-6,6-bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-4-ene, 1,1,1,2,5,5,6,6,7,7,8, 8,9,9,9-pentadecafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) non-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,5,5,6,6,7,8,8,8-dodeca Fluoro-2,7-bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,6,6,7,7,7-nonafluoro-2,5,5-tris (trifluoromethyl) Hept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-octadecafluorodec-5-ene 1,1,1,2,3,3,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-pentadecafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) non-4-ene, 1,1,2,2,3,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-pentadecafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) non-4-ene, 1,1, 1,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-2,2, -bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,3 3,6,6,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-2,7-bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-4-ene, 1,1,1,2,3,3,6,7,7 , 8,8,8-dodecafluoro-2,6-bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-4-ene, 1,1,1,5,5,6,7,7,7-nonafluoro-2,2, 6-Tris (trifluoromethyl) hept-3-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,6,7,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-3,6-bis (trifluoro) (Romethyl) oct-4-ene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,6,7,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-3,6-bis (trifluoromethyl) oct-4-ene 1,1,1,5,6,6,7,7,7-nonafluoro-2,2,5-tris (trifluoromethyl) hept-3-ene and 1,1,1,6,6,6 The absorption power cycle system of claim 7, selected from the group consisting of: hexafluoro-2,2,5,5-tetrakis (trifluoromethyl) hex-3-ene.   The fluoroolefin is 1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluorocyclobutene, 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobutene, 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-hexafluoro Selected from the group consisting of cyclopentene, 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorocyclopentene and 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-decafluorocyclohexene The absorbed power cycle system of claim 7. The working fluid is difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. (HFC-134a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,3,3- Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa), 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC- 227ea), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluorope Tan (HFC-43-10mee), 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tetradecafluoroheptane (HFC-63-14mcee), 2 , 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ye), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO- 1225zc), 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (HFO-162-13mczy) and 1,1,1 2,2,3,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-3-heptene (HFO-162-13mcyz), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), fluorotrichloromethane (CFC- 11), 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113), 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114), chloro Difluoromethane (HCFC-22), 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), perfluoromethane ( FC-14), perfluoroethane (FC-116), perfluoropropane (FC-218), perfluorocyclobutane (FC-C3) 18), octafluoro-2-butene (FO-1318my), methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, cyclopropane, propylene, n-butane, butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, Selected from the group consisting of n-heptane, nitrogen (N ₂ ), oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), ammonia (NH ₃ ), argon (Ar), hydrogen (H ₂ ) and mixtures thereof The absorption power cycle system of claim 5, comprising at least one working fluid.   Between the generator generator and the first heat exchanger and between the first heat exchanger and the absorber, the mixture of absorbent and working fluid is returned to the absorber and recycled. The absorption power cycle system of claim 1, further comprising a recirculation line for circulation.   The working fluid is 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis- or trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 3,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-3 At least one selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethyl-1-butene, cis- or trans-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene and combinations thereof The absorption power cycle system of claim 1, comprising a working fluid. The working fluid is
From about 51 weight percent to about 70 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 49 weight percent to about 30 weight percent isopentane;
From about 62 weight percent to about 78 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 38 weight percent to about 22 weight percent n-pentane;
From about 75 weight percent to about 88 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 25 weight percent to about 12 weight percent cyclopentane;
From about 25 weight percent to about 35 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 75 weight percent to about 65 weight percent HCFC-123;
From about 67 weight percent to about 87 weight percent cis-HFO-1336mzz and from about 33 weight percent to about 13 weight percent trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and from about 61 weight percent to about 78 weight percent trans-HFO-1438 mzz; And an at least one azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition selected from the group consisting of about 39 weight percent to about 22 weight percent isopentane. (A) forming an absorbent / working fluid mixture in the absorber;
(B) heating the absorbent / working fluid mixture to release working fluid vapor;
(C) sending the working fluid vapor to a device for generating mechanical work;
(D) reforming the heated absorbent / working fluid mixture to produce mechanical work. Between steps (c) and (d),
(Ci) condensing the working fluid in a condenser;
(C-ii) partially evaporating the working fluid in an expansion device;
The method of claim 14, further comprising: (c-iii) completely evaporating the working fluid in an evaporator and cooling. Between steps (c) and (d),
(Ci) condensing the working fluid in a condenser to generate heat;
(C-ii) partially evaporating the working fluid in an expansion device;
The method of claim 14, further comprising: (c-iii) completely evaporating the working fluid in an evaporator.   15. The method of claim 14, further comprising, between steps (c) and (d), absorbing heat from the cooling stream with a second heat exchanger to cool the cooling stream.

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