CN110822762A - Absorption type refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low-temperature refrigeration and refrigeration system and method - Google Patents
Absorption type refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low-temperature refrigeration and refrigeration system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110822762A CN110822762A CN201911054048.XA CN201911054048A CN110822762A CN 110822762 A CN110822762 A CN 110822762A CN 201911054048 A CN201911054048 A CN 201911054048A CN 110822762 A CN110822762 A CN 110822762A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/06—Superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
Abstract
The invention discloses an absorption type refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low-temperature refrigeration, a refrigeration system and a refrigeration method3And hydrofluoroolefins, and the absorbent is an ionic liquid. An evaporator in the refrigeration system is connected with an absorber, the absorber is connected with a heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is connected with a generator, the generator is connected with a condenser, and the condenser is connected with the evaporator; a first throttle valve is arranged between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for throttling and depressurizing the liquid-phase refrigerant in the condenser and then feeding the liquid-phase refrigerant into the evaporator; a pump for inputting the fluid in the absorber into the heat regenerator is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator; between absorber and heat regenerator is also setAnd the second throttling valve is used for depressurizing the fluid in the regenerator and then feeding the fluid into the absorber. The invention improves the conventional working medium pair NH3/H2O and a refrigeration system, which can ensure that the absorption refrigeration system has higher refrigeration coefficient and overcome the defect of the traditional NH3/H2The use of O working medium pairs requires rectification equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration and low temperature, relates to an absorption refrigeration technology, and particularly relates to an absorption refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low temperature refrigeration, a refrigeration system and a refrigeration method.
Background
Vapor compression refrigeration technology dominates refrigeration production, but consumes a large amount of electrical energy and is one of the major sources of greenhouse gases and ozone depletion. On the other hand, low-grade heat such as industrial waste heat, solar energy, geothermal energy and the like is difficult to be effectively utilized, and great waste is caused.
The absorption refrigeration technology can efficiently utilize low-grade heat to produce cold energy, meets the requirements of life and production, and has great application prospect.
In all studied pairs of absorption refrigeration media, only H is present2O/LiBr and NH3/H2O is widely used, and the former is easy to crystallize and block pipelines in a low-temperature environment and can only be used for air-conditioning systems. Although the working medium pair can be used for low-temperature refrigeration, the boiling points of the working medium pair are close, rectification equipment is needed during separation, the complexity of the system structure is increased, the system consumes more energy, and the working medium pair is toxic and has high working pressure, so that the equipment is corroded, the service life of the system is influenced, and potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an absorption type refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low-temperature refrigeration, a refrigeration system and a refrigeration method, so as to solve the problem of NH in the prior art3/H2The boiling point of the O working medium is close to that of the O working medium, and rectification equipment is needed during separation, so that the defect of complexity of a system structure is increased.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an absorption refrigerating working medium pair suitable for low-temp refrigeration is composed of refrigerant and absorbentThe refrigerant is NH3And hydrofluoroolefins, and the absorbent is an ionic liquid.
The refrigerant contains 10 to 90 mass percent of NH3The balance being hydrofluoroolefins.
The hydrofluoroolefin was taken as R1234ze (E).
The ionic liquid adopts [ BMIM][TF2N]Or [ Emim][TF2N]。
A refrigerating system capable of refrigerating by adopting the absorption type refrigerating working medium pair comprises an evaporator, an absorber, a generator, a condenser, a heat regenerator, a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve, wherein the evaporator is connected with the absorber, the absorber is connected with the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is connected with the generator, the generator is connected with the condenser, and the condenser is connected with the evaporator; a first throttling valve is arranged between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for throttling and depressurizing the liquid refrigerant in the condenser and then feeding the liquid refrigerant into the evaporator; a pump for inputting the fluid in the absorber into the heat regenerator is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator; and a second throttle valve is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator and is used for reducing the pressure of the fluid in the heat regenerator and then entering the absorber.
A refrigeration method based on the absorption refrigeration working medium pair and the refrigeration system comprises the following processes:
the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator to realize refrigeration, and then the refrigerant vapor enters the absorber to be absorbed by the ionic liquid in the absorber to form mixed liquid; the mixed liquid is pressurized by a pump and sent to a generator through a heat regenerator;
heating the mixed liquid in the generator to separate out the refrigerant in the mixed liquid, condensing the refrigerant in the condenser into liquid, throttling and reducing the pressure by the first throttle valve, and then entering the evaporator;
and separating out the refrigerant in the mixed liquid to obtain the ionic liquid, introducing the ionic liquid in the generator into a heat regenerator, and reducing the temperature of the ionic liquid in the heat regenerator and then sending the ionic liquid back to the absorber through a second throttling valve.
The temperature of the mixed liquid in the generator is 60-300 ℃. The temperature is more than 60 ℃ to ensure that the refrigerant is evaporated into a gas phase, and the temperature is below 300 ℃ to ensure that the ionic liquid is not evaporated and is maintained in a liquid phase for operation.
The absorption type refrigeration working medium suitable for low-temperature refrigeration of the invention is NH3And hydrofluoroolefins, the absorbent being an ionic liquid characterized by the ability to react with (ammonia) NH3And Hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) has good absorption properties in the vapor phase and is capable of reacting with NH3Good absorption with the mixed refrigerant of hydrofluoroolefin and, secondly, of NH3And a hydrofluoroolefin, with a temperature change having a higher solubility differential, thereby facilitating the mixing of the ionic liquid with the NH3And hydrofluoroolefins without the need for special rectification equipment. The ion liquid is used as an absorbent, so that the problem of NH of the traditional absorption working medium pair is solved3/H2In O, since the boiling points of water and ammonia are close to each other, they are vaporized at a high temperature at the same time, and thus ammonia and water are difficult to separate.
The refrigeration system of the present invention compares to conventional NH3/H2The O absorption refrigeration system can separate the refrigerant and the absorbent without adopting special rectification equipment, and the principle is as follows: the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator to realize refrigeration, and then enters the absorber to be absorbed by the ionic liquid in the absorber to form mixed liquid; the mixed liquid is pressurized by a pump and sent to a generator through a heat regenerator; heating the mixed liquid in the generator to separate out the refrigerant in the mixed liquid, condensing the refrigerant in the condenser into liquid, throttling and reducing the pressure by the first throttle valve, and then entering the evaporator; and separating out the refrigerant in the mixed liquid to obtain the ionic liquid, introducing the ionic liquid in the generator into a heat regenerator, and reducing the temperature of the ionic liquid in the heat regenerator and then sending the ionic liquid back to the absorber through a second throttling valve. According to the principle, the refrigeration system avoids the adoption of complex rectification equipment, is structurally simplified and reduces the investment on equipment compared with the traditional refrigeration system.
The refrigeration process utilizes the absorption refrigeration working medium pair and the refrigeration system, and the refrigeration process is shorter, so that the refrigeration efficiency is higher, and the energy consumption is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a conventional NH3/H2The structure of the O absorption refrigeration system is schematic;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an absorption refrigeration system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention aims to solve the problem of the prior NH3/H2The O absorption type refrigeration working medium pair needs a rectification separator, has high equipment investment and low energy efficiency, provides an absorption type refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low-temperature refrigeration, and a refrigeration system and a refrigeration method, and concretely comprises the following steps:
the absorption type refrigeration working medium pair comprises a refrigerant and an absorbent, wherein the refrigerant is NH3And hydrofluoroolefins, and the absorbent is an ionic liquid. The refrigerating working medium pair combines low toxicity, non-corrosiveness, 0 ozone destruction capability, extremely low greenhouse effect potential value and NH of HFO3The composite material has the characteristic of high latent heat of vaporization, overcomes the defects of high ammonia toxicity and small latent heat of vaporization of HFO, achieves good refrigeration effect, and is green and environment-friendly.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, NH3the/HFO mixed refrigerant contains 10-90% of NH in percentage by mass3The balance being hydrofluoroolefins.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, NH3And at least one HFO to form a refrigerant.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, R1234ze (E) is used as the hydrofluoroolefin.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ionic liquid is [ BMIM ]][TF2N]Or [ Emim][TF2N]。
The ionic liquid is used as an absorbent, so that the heat and chemical stability is good, the saturated vapor pressure is extremely low, the liquid phase temperature range is wide (-100 ℃ -300 ℃), and the application range of the absorption refrigeration system is expanded; NH (NH)3Ionic liquid utensilWith NH3/H2O equivalent refrigeration coefficient.
Conventional NH3/H2An O-absorption refrigeration system is shown in figure 1. The vapor of a nearly pure ammonia discharged from the separator enters a condenser, is condensed into liquid under the equal pressure and mass fraction, releases heat, and the solution containing moisture returns to the generator to continuously absorb heat. The pressure of liquid ammonia is reduced by a throttle valve 1 to form wet vapor, the wet vapor enters an evaporator, the liquid ammonia absorbs heat in the evaporator to be vaporized, then water absorbs ammonia in an absorber to be changed into concentrated ammonia solution, and the concentrated ammonia solution is pressurized by a pump to recover the heat of a separator and a heat regenerator and then enters a generator to complete a closed cycle. The dilute solution b discharged from the generator is cooled after passing through the heat regenerator to form a supercooled solution. The pressure of the supercooled solution is reduced through the throttle valve 2, then the supercooled solution enters the absorber to absorb steam generated by the evaporator to form a concentrated solution, the concentrated solution is pressurized through the pump, and the concentrated solution enters the separator and the heat regenerator to absorb waste heat, so that the circulation efficiency is improved, and a circulation is completed.
It can be seen that the conventional absorption type working medium pair NH is adopted3/H2In O refrigeration systems, in the separation of NH3And H2The O process requires rectification equipment (e.g., a separator) making the system more complex and consuming more energy.
As shown in fig. 2, the refrigeration system of the present invention includes an evaporator, an absorber, a generator, a condenser, a regenerator, a first throttle valve (throttle valve 1) and a second throttle valve (throttle valve 2), the evaporator is connected to the absorber, the absorber is connected to the regenerator, the regenerator is connected to the generator, the generator is connected to the condenser, and the condenser is connected to the evaporator; a first throttling valve is arranged between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for throttling and depressurizing the liquid-phase refrigerant in the condenser and then feeding the liquid-phase refrigerant into the evaporator; a pump for inputting the fluid in the absorber into the heat regenerator is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator; and a second throttle valve is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator and is used for reducing the pressure of the fluid in the heat regenerator and then entering the absorber.
The process of cooling the absorption refrigeration working medium pair and the refrigeration system by using the invention is as follows:
NH3the refrigerant formed by mixing the HFO evaporates in the evaporator to realize the refrigeration function, then the refrigerant is sent into the absorber and absorbed by the ionic liquid in the absorber, and meanwhile, the ionic liquid becomes a concentrated solution; the concentrated solution in the absorber is pressurized by a pump and sent to the generator through the regenerator. Heating the concentrated solution by using a high-temperature heat source in a generator to separate out a refrigerant in the concentrated solution and make the refrigerant enter a condenser to be condensed into a liquid state, throttling and reducing the pressure of the condensed refrigerant by a throttle valve 1, and then entering an evaporator to start a new cycle; meanwhile, after the refrigerant is separated out, the concentrated solution is changed into dilute solution in the generator, the dilute solution is sent into the heat regenerator, the heated dilute solution is cooled, the cooled dilute solution is depressurized by the throttle valve 2 and returns to the absorber, and a new cycle is started. Obviously, the working medium pair system structure provided by the invention is more simplified, and the process flow is shorter.
Examples
In this embodiment, the absorption refrigeration working medium pair and the refrigeration system of the present invention are used for refrigeration, wherein the generator temperature is 80-110 ℃, the condensation temperature is 38 ℃, the absorption temperature is 25 ℃, and the evaporation refrigeration temperature is 5 ℃.
HFO uses R1234ze (E), and ionic liquid uses [ BMIM][TF2N]；
The heating energy efficiency ratio in this example is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Examples
In this embodiment, the absorption refrigeration working medium pair and the refrigeration system of the present invention are used for refrigeration, wherein the generator temperature is 80-110 ℃, the condensation temperature is 38 ℃, the absorption temperature is 25 ℃, and the evaporation refrigeration temperature is 5 ℃.
HFO adopts R1234ze (E), and ionic liquid adopts [ Emim][TF2N]；
The heating energy efficiency ratio in this example is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Examples | HFO_1234ze | NH3 | Ionic liquids | COP |
| 8 | 10％ | 90％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.65-0.67 |
| 9 | 20％ | 80％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.61-0.63 |
| 10 | 30％ | 70％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.54-0.57 |
| 11 | 40％ | 60％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.49-0.52 |
| 12 | 50％ | 50％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.44-0.46 |
| 13 | 60％ | 40％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.39-0.41 |
| 14 | 70％ | 30％ | [EMIM][TF2N] | 0.35-0.37 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the absorption type refrigeration working medium pair and the refrigeration system of the invention have higher refrigeration and heating energy efficiency and can simultaneously meet the refrigeration and toxicity requirements. The invention can improve the application range, the service life and the safety of the absorption refrigeration system and reduce the construction cost.
The above-described embodiments are merely for the purpose of clarifying the object and technical features of the present invention and the present invention will be further described in detail. The invention is not to be taken as limited to the embodiments, and any modifications and equivalents may be made within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An absorption refrigeration working medium pair suitable for low-temperature refrigeration is characterized by comprising a refrigerantAnd an absorbent, wherein the refrigerant is NH3And hydrofluoroolefins, and the absorbent is an ionic liquid.
2. The pair of absorption refrigeration working media suitable for low temperature refrigeration according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant contains 10 to 90 mass% of NH3The balance being hydrofluoroolefins.
3. An absorption refrigeration working substance pair suitable for cryogenic refrigeration as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrofluoroolefin employs R1234ze (E).
4. An absorption refrigeration working substance pair suitable for low temperature refrigeration according to claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid is [ BMIM ]][TF2N]Or [ Emim][TF2N]。
5. A refrigeration system capable of refrigerating by means of an absorption refrigeration working medium pair according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising an evaporator, an absorber, a generator, a condenser, a regenerator, a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve, the evaporator being connected to the absorber, the absorber being connected to the regenerator, the regenerator being connected to the generator, the generator being connected to the condenser, the condenser being connected to the evaporator; a first throttling valve is arranged between the condenser and the evaporator and is used for throttling and depressurizing the liquid-phase refrigerant in the condenser and then feeding the liquid-phase refrigerant into the evaporator; a pump for inputting the fluid in the absorber into the heat regenerator is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator; and a second throttle valve is arranged between the absorber and the heat regenerator and is used for reducing the pressure of the fluid in the heat regenerator and then entering the absorber.
6. A refrigeration method based on the refrigeration system of claim 5, characterized by comprising the following processes:
the refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator to realize refrigeration, and then enters the absorber to be absorbed by the ionic liquid in the absorber to form mixed liquid; the mixed liquid is pressurized by a pump and sent to a generator through a heat regenerator;
heating the mixed liquid in the generator to separate out the refrigerant in the mixed liquid, condensing the refrigerant in the condenser into liquid, throttling and reducing the pressure by the first throttle valve, and then entering the evaporator;
and separating out the refrigerant in the mixed liquid to obtain the ionic liquid, introducing the ionic liquid in the generator into a heat regenerator, and reducing the temperature of the ionic liquid in the heat regenerator and then sending the ionic liquid back to the absorber through a second throttling valve.
7. A method of producing refrigeration as claimed in claim 6, in which the temperature of the mixed liquor in the generator is in the range 60-300 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114322354A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽普泛能源技术有限公司 | Absorption type circulating refrigeration system and process thereof |
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