CN103806967A - Power cycle system based on low-temperature heat source - Google Patents
Power cycle system based on low-temperature heat source Download PDFInfo
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- CN103806967A CN103806967A CN201410057017.0A CN201410057017A CN103806967A CN 103806967 A CN103806967 A CN 103806967A CN 201410057017 A CN201410057017 A CN 201410057017A CN 103806967 A CN103806967 A CN 103806967A
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Abstract
The invention particularly relates to a power cycle system based on a low-temperature heat source. The technical problem of thermal power generation through a heat source of which the temperature is lower than 80 DEG C is solved. A method of the system includes the steps that three channels are arranged between an evaporation chamber and a condensing chamber, wherein gas working media such as ammonia gas flow in the channel A, highly concentrated solutions such as highly concentrated ammonia water flow in the channel B, and lowly concentrated solutions such as lowly concentrated ammonia water flow in the channel C; highly concentrated ammonia water flows into the evaporation chamber from the condensing chamber and then is heated and decomposed into ammonia gas and lowly concentrated ammonia water, ammonia gas enters the condensing chamber from the channel A, lowly concentrated ammonia water enters the condensing chamber from the channel C, a chemical reaction is generated between ammonia gas and lowly concentrated ammonia water in the condensing chamber to generate highly concentrated ammonia water, and then the cycle is finished, wherein power output in the cycle in the channel A is achieved by arranging a turbine machine. Theoretical analysis shows that a large number of gas working media can be generated as long as the temperature of the heat source is several DEG C higher than room temperature even when the temperature of the heat source is lower than 80 DEG C, and therefore low-temperature heat source power generation is achieved.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention is specifically related to a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source.
Two, background technique:
At present the hot generation technology of main flow all adopts the thermal source heating working medium with higher temperature to make the method for its evaporation, facts have proved, when the situation that adopts normal temperature fluid to carry out refrigeration as low-temperature receiver, the temperature of thermal source can not be too low, require to be at present not less than 120 ℃, but occurring in nature exists most thermal source, its temperature does not reach this requirement, particularly distributed solar energy photothermal power generation, heat source temperature can only reach 80～90 ℃, and these low-temperature heat sources cannot be used for generating under current scientific and technological level.
The problem that cannot generate electricity in order to solve above-mentioned low-temperature heat source, author has scrutinized and has caused the main cause that cannot generate electricity, thinks that conventional hot generation technology can be reduced to reduced graph as shown in Figure 1.
As can see from Figure 1, hot generation technology needs a vaporization chamber and a condensation chamber, has two passages to be connected between the two, wherein on passage A, has turbomachinery, can externally do work, and has pump, for the working medium of condensation chamber is pumped into vaporization chamber in channel B.At the state of stable operation, always equate by the working medium quality of passage A with by the working medium quality of channel B,
, the power P r (B) that in channel B, pump consumes is
The power P r (A) that turbomachinery obtains in passage A is
Wherein
for mechanical efficiency,
,
respectively the pressure of vaporization chamber and condensation chamber,
,
respectively the density of working medium at passage A and channel B place.The total power of system is
From formula (3), can see, want to obtain larger power, the pressure difference between vaporization chamber and condensation chamber is the bigger the better, and mass flowrate is the bigger the better, and the working medium density of passage A is the smaller the better, and the working medium density of channel B is the bigger the better.
In order to meet, " the working medium density of passage A is the smaller the better, the working medium density of channel B is the bigger the better " requirement, working medium should be liquid in channel B, and in passage A, should be gas, could obtain the highest system power, but make the working medium elevation of boiling point at vaporization chamber mesohigh environment, heat source temperature must exceed boiling point could working medium turn to gas by liquid rotating, the boiling point that this has just made heat source temperature to exceed to be elevated, owing to requiring the low pressure boiling point must not be lower than normal temperature in condensation chamber, therefore high pressure boiling point will be considerably beyond normal temperature, this is to cause the main cause that heat source temperature can not be too low, thereby the inventor takes up to study temperature and also can produce lower than boiling point the method for a large amount of gases, finally cause the present invention.
Three, summary of the invention:
The present invention, in order to solve the deficiency in above-mentioned background technology, provides a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source, and its thermal source heated solution makes working medium wherein be converted into gas, emits, and and then promote the method for turbomachinery from solvent.
Notice that gas can be dissolved in liquid flux in fact, saturation solubility and the temperature of many gases have substantial connection, in the time that temperature raises, solubility can decline, even without reaching boiling point, also have a large amount of γ-ray emissions, can utilize this principle to realize the generating of low-temperature heat source.
Based on above-mentioned thinking, author has proposed to adopt the model of 3 passages to describe new electricity-generating method, its model as shown in Figure 2,
In 3 channel patterns, in vaporization chamber and condensation chamber, be all that wherein working medium is gaseous state by working medium and solution composition, solution is liquid, and what flowed in passage A place is Working medium gas, and what flowed in channel B place is solution, and what flowed in channel C place is solvent.This model is made up of two circulations, first circulation is: gas working medium → condensation chamber of passage A is (at this working medium generation chemical reaction, being dissolved in solvent and being converted into solution) liquid (the solution) → vaporization chamber of → channel B is (at this solution generation chemical reaction, produce gas working medium) gas working medium of → passage A, second circulation is: liquid (the solvent) → condensation chamber of channel C is (at this working medium generation chemical reaction, be dissolved in solvent and be converted into solution) liquid (the solution) → vaporization chamber of → channel B (this solute generation chemical reaction remaining be solvent) liquid (solvent) of → channel C.
The method is when successfully key is that solute is dissolved into solvent, solute can not exist in the mode of gas, otherwise this circulation does not reach the meaning that changes working medium density, therefore solute must with solvent generation chemical reaction, be not to be present in solvent in the mode of gas, but a kind of form of compound is present in solvent with the form of liquid.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source, comprise vaporization chamber and condensation chamber, it is characterized in that: between described vaporization chamber and condensation chamber, be connected with channel C by passage A, channel B, on described passage A, be provided with turbomachinery;
What in described passage A, flow is gas working medium, what in channel B, flow is the solution of high concentration, what in channel C, flow is the solution of low density, described highly concentrated solution and low concentration solution comprise respectively solute and solvent, solvent is liquid, solute is liquid or electrolyte, and described solute is at high temperature decomposed into gas working medium and solvent, is formed at low temperatures by gas working medium and solvent chemical combination.
In described vaporization chamber, adopt the decomposition that applies heat energy, light, sound, electric field, magnetic field, vibration, catalyzer and accelerate solute, in described condensation chamber, apply cold energy, electric field, magnetic field, catalyzer and accelerate the synthetic of solute.
Gas working medium is ammonia (NH
3), solvent is water (H
2o), solute has two kinds, and one is a hydration ammonia (NH
3.H
2o), another kind is ionic state NH
4 +and OH
-, solution is ammoniacal liquor.
Gas working medium is O
2and NO
2, solvent is water (H
2o), solute is HNO
3, solution is nitric acid.
Described turbomachinery is turbo machine, steam turbine, impulse-reaction turbine, reciprocating piston machine, rotary-piston machine or screw rod turbo-expander.
Compared with prior art, advantage and effect that the present invention has are as follows: the invention solves and make liquid not evaporate the technical barrier that also can discharge in a large number gas, cancel the requirement that heat source temperature must exceed boiling point of liquid, make in the past unavailable, lower than the thermals source of 100 ℃ can for generating, greatly expand using energy source scope.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is conventional hot generation technology designs simplification figure;
3 the hot generation technology designs simplification of passage figure of Fig. 2 the present invention;
The low temperature heat resource power generation principle schematic of Fig. 3 ammoniacal liquor combination of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is ammonia dissolubility picture under different temperatures, under different pressure;
The low temperature heat resource power generation principle schematic of Fig. 5 red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) combination of the present invention.
Reference character: 1-vaporization chamber, 2-condensation chamber, 3-passage A, 4-channel B, 5-channel C, 6-heating equipment, 7-turbomachinery, 8-high temperature ammoniacal liquor, 9 high pressure ammonias-, 10-low pressure ammonia, 11-low temperature ammoniacal liquor.
Five, embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail:
Referring to Fig. 2-Fig. 5: a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source, comprise vaporization chamber 1 and condensation chamber 2, between described vaporization chamber 1 and condensation chamber 2, be connected by passage A3, channel B 4 and channel C 5,
What in described passage A3, flow is gas working medium, what in channel B 4, flow is the solution of high concentration, what in channel C 5, flow is the solution of low density, described highly concentrated solution and low concentration solution comprise respectively solute and solvent, solvent is liquid, solute is liquid or electrolyte, and described solute is at high temperature decomposed into gas working medium and solvent, is formed at low temperatures by gas working medium and solvent chemical combination.It is upper that turbomachinery is arranged on passage A3, and described turbomachinery two ends gas pressure intensity is unequal, and wherein the pressure of vaporization chamber one end is higher than condensation chamber one end, and it is the merit of externally exporting that turbomachinery is realized the flow-transfer of gas.
Described vaporization chamber 1 can obtain heat from the external world, makes the temperature rise of solution, can adopt the modes such as boiler, heat pipe heat exchanging, heat exchanger heat exchange.
Described condensation chamber 2 can be thrown into the external world by heat, and solution temperature is declined, and can adopt the mode such as heat pipe heat exchanging, heat exchanger heat exchange.
Described turbomachinery is the merit of externally exporting by the flow-transfer of fluid, can adopt turbo machine, steam turbine, impulse-reaction turbine, reciprocating piston machine, rotary-piston machine, screw rod turbo-expander etc.In the occasion of needs generating, as long as turbomachinery is connected with generator.
Described gas working medium does not require and undergoes phase transition, but should be able to liquid flux generation chemical reaction, generate a kind of liquid state or dissolve in the electrolytical solute of solvent, this solute is under given conditions as can be again decomposed into gas working medium and liquid flux under the environment such as high temperature, light, sound.Known this working medium has at present: combination 1: (solute that refer to has been described clearly in claim 1 is at high temperature decomposed into gas working medium and solvent to gas working medium, is formed at low temperatures by gas working medium and solvent chemical combination.") be ammonia (NH
3), solvent is water (H
2o), solute has two kinds, and one is a hydration ammonia (NH
3.H
2o), one is ionic state NH
4 +and OH
-, solution is ammoniacal liquor; Combination 2: gas working medium is O
2and NO
2, solvent is water (H
2o), solute is HNO
3, solution is nitric acid.
Apply heat energy, light, sound, electric field, magnetic field, vibration, catalyzer at vaporization chamber.
Apply cold energy, electric field, magnetic field, catalyzer at condensation chamber.
In the present invention, to the requirement of solvent and working medium be: working medium has very large solubility under low temperature, low pressure in solvent, and solubility is very little under high temperature, high pressure.
Embodiment 1: the present invention is elaborated:
A kind of power circulation system based on be combined as basic low-temperature heat source with ammoniacal liquor, comprise vaporization chamber 1 and condensation chamber 2, between vaporization chamber 1 and condensation chamber 2, there are 3 passages to be connected, in passage A, transmission is ammonia, in channel B, transmission is high concentration ammoniacal liquor, and in channel C, transmission is low density ammoniacal liquor, and turbomachinery 7 is installed on passage A, for realizing turbine in the process that pressurized gas is converted into low-pressure gas, and and then generating; There is heating equipment 6 to act on vaporization chamber 1, make the ammonia temperature in vaporization chamber 1 increase, become high temperature ammoniacal liquor 8, discharge high pressure ammonia 9, there is cooling device to act on condensation chamber 2, the ammonia temperature in condensation chamber 2 is declined, become low temperature ammoniacal liquor 11, heating equipment and cooling device can adopt conventional water-to-water heat exchanger, air heat exchanger or heat pipe heat exchanger etc., the low temperature ammoniacal liquor 11 in condensation chamber should with condensation chamber in low pressure ammonia 10 have enough area of contact with absorb ammonia.
In this example, in condensation chamber, chemical reaction process is
NH
3+H
2O=NH
3.H
2O
NH
3+H
2O=NH
4 ++OH
-
In this example, in vaporization chamber, chemical reaction process is
NH
3.H
2O=NH
3↑+H
2O
NH
4 ++OH
-=NH
3↑+H
2O
Wherein the chemical reaction of a hydration ammonia is topmost.
The solubility curve of ammonia in water is shown in Fig. 4.As we can see from the figure, be 50 ℃, high pressure 0.12MPa if get high temperature, the solubility of ammonia is 230g, and in the time of 30 ℃ of low temperature, low pressure 0.1MPa, the solubility of ammonia is 420g, thereby every 1kg water can discharge at most the ammonia of 190g in high temperature and high pressure environment, even if water temperature only has 50 ℃, be far from reaching its boiling point, the amount of the ammonia discharging is also very large.Because the molecular weight of ammonia is 17, ammonia 190g corresponding volume under high temperature and high pressure environment is 0.25m
3, ignore ammoniacal liquor in the variation that discharges ammonia front and back volume, this is that vaporization chamber is 1dm at 1kg(corresponding volume
3) gas flow that obtains in water is 250dm
3, volume ratio is 250, can be merit by Conversion of Energy mobile ammonia by turbomachinery, the merit of its acquisition should be
=η × 0.25 × (120000-100000)=5000 η (J), wherein η <1 is efficiency factor.Even if η=0.1 merit that also visible this method can provide is very large.
In order to control the flowing velocity of ammoniacal liquor, also can installation pump in channel B and channel C or the device such as valve, but under this routine design parameter, because high temperature ammoniacal liquor ammon amount declines larger, density has larger lifting, high temperature ammoniacal liquor can sink automatically, can automatically promote flowing of ammoniacal liquor, and pump or valve are not necessarily.In the design's example, the density of the density < water of a hydration ammonia, therefore channel B should be arranged on the top of channel C, for accelerating to flow, has increased pump in channel C.
Turbomachinery should meet the requirement of low-pressure high-flowrate, and steam turbine can not use under this occasion conventionally, the rotary-piston in recommend adoption patent CN201310126084 " sliding vane rotary-piston ".In the occasion of needs generating, as long as generator is connected with rotary-piston.
What the power cycle of the present invention and other generatings that are useful on was different is, between condensation chamber and vaporization chamber, there are two circulating paths, one is the circulation of working medium, its circulating path is: low pressure ammonia → be dissolved in condensation chamber becomes a liquid hydration ammonia part → ammoniacal liquor in ammoniacal liquor enters vaporization chamber → hydration ammonia through channel B and decomposes ammonia and flash to as do work in turbomachinery → low pressure of high pressure ammonia → high pressure ammonia inlet passage C → ammonia ammonia, this circulation be all power circulation systems as Rankine cycle, block Linne circulation, Stirling circulation etc. and all have; The present invention has additionally introduced another circulation, for the circulation of solvent, its circulating path is: high concentration low temperature ammoniacal liquor in condensation chamber → enter the ammonia that residue low density high temperature ammoniacal liquor → low density high temperature ammoniacal liquor after the evaporation of vaporization chamber → hydration ammonia enters condensation chamber → low density Ammonia water for cooling and become in low density low temperature ammoniacal liquor → absorption condensation chamber through passage A by channel B becomes high concentration low temperature ammoniacal liquor.The existence of solvent circulation is the most basic feature that the present invention is different from other power cycle, it makes the solvent in vaporization chamber not need evaporation just can get back to condensation chamber, the requirement that makes heat source temperature must exceed boiling point becomes unnecessary, is to solve the most basic technical know-how of low temperature heat resource power generation.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of power circulation system based on be combined as basic low-temperature heat source with red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), its structure and Fig. 3 broadly similar, main architectural difference part channel B is below channel C, and this is mainly due to HNO
3density ratio water density want large cause.
Chemical reaction process in this example in condensation chamber is
2H
2O+O
2+4NO
2=4HNO
3
Chemical reaction process in this example in vaporization chamber is
4HNO
3=2H
2O+O
2↑+4NO
2↑
Because red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) acidity is too strong, in using process, need to add to note its Security.
In order to accelerate the chemical reaction velocity of working medium and solvent in vaporization chamber and condensation chamber, can adopt some catalysis techniques, as adopted measures such as applying light, sound, electric field, magnetic field, vibration, catalyzer in vaporization chamber to accelerate the decomposition of solute, adopt the measures such as electric field, magnetic field, catalyzer to accelerate the synthetic of solute at condensation chamber.This point is also the present invention and the different place of other power cycle, other power cycle are because light, sound homenergic form do not have effect to the speed of working medium evaporation, thereby this is not done to requirement, in scheme of the present invention, these extra form of energy have impact to chemical reaction velocity, thereby can be used as a kind of technical measures and adopted.
The invention solves and make liquid not evaporate the technical barrier that also can discharge in a large number gas; cancel the requirement that heat source temperature must exceed boiling point of liquid; theory analysis shows; as long as the temperature that makes heat source temperature exceed several degrees Celsius of sink temperatures just can be generated electricity; expand widely the application area of hot generation technology, provide effective solution for solving mankind's energy crisis.
Claims (5)
1. the power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source, comprise vaporization chamber (1) and condensation chamber (2), it is characterized in that: between described vaporization chamber (1) and condensation chamber (2) by passage A(3), channel B (4) is connected with channel C (5), described passage A(3) on be provided with turbomachinery (7);
Described passage A(3) in flow be gas working medium, what in channel B (4), flow is the solution of high concentration, what in channel C (5), flow is the solution of low density, described highly concentrated solution and low concentration solution comprise respectively solute and solvent, solvent is liquid, solute is liquid or electrolyte, and described solute is at high temperature decomposed into gas working medium and solvent, is formed at low temperatures by gas working medium and solvent chemical combination.
2. a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described vaporization chamber (1), adopt the decomposition that applies heat energy, light, sound, electric field, magnetic field, vibration, catalyzer and accelerate solute, in described condensation chamber (2), apply cold energy, electric field, magnetic field, catalyzer and accelerate the synthetic of solute.
3. a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: gas working medium is ammonia (NH
3), solvent is water (H
2o), solute has two kinds, and one is a hydration ammonia (NH
3.H
2o), another kind is ionic state NH
4 +and OH
-, solution is ammoniacal liquor.
4. a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: gas working medium is O
2and NO
2, solvent is water (H
2o), solute is HNO
3, solution is nitric acid.
5. according to a kind of power circulation system based on low-temperature heat source described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described turbomachinery is turbo machine, steam turbine, impulse-reaction turbine, reciprocating piston machine, rotary-piston machine or screw rod turbo-expander.
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| CN201410057017.0A CN103806967A (en) | 2014-02-20 | 2014-02-20 | Power cycle system based on low-temperature heat source |
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|---|---|---|---|
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ID=50704290
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105261808A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-20 | 大连理工大学 | Novel low-grade heat energy power generation method and device |
| CN110847990A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-28 | 上海宇航系统工程研究所 | Heat energy conversion device based on working medium cyclic synthesis |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02241910A (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1990-09-26 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | Ammonia producing device in power plant |
| CN101353972A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-01-28 | 陈小明 | Apparatus for utilizing heat energy to continuously apply work |
| CN102257334A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2011-11-23 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | Absorption power cycle system |
| CN202055878U (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-11-30 | 杨学军 | Industrial exhaust heat power generation system |
| CN102797525A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-11-28 | 天津大学 | Low-temperature Rankine circulation system employing non-azeotropic mixed working medium variable components |
| CN202832681U (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-03-27 | 四川京典能源科技有限公司 | Steam ammonia cascade power generation system |
-
2014
- 2014-02-20 CN CN201410057017.0A patent/CN103806967A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02241910A (en) * | 1989-03-16 | 1990-09-26 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | Ammonia producing device in power plant |
| CN101353972A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-01-28 | 陈小明 | Apparatus for utilizing heat energy to continuously apply work |
| CN102257334A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2011-11-23 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | Absorption power cycle system |
| CN202055878U (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-11-30 | 杨学军 | Industrial exhaust heat power generation system |
| CN102797525A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2012-11-28 | 天津大学 | Low-temperature Rankine circulation system employing non-azeotropic mixed working medium variable components |
| CN202832681U (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-03-27 | 四川京典能源科技有限公司 | Steam ammonia cascade power generation system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105261808A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2016-01-20 | 大连理工大学 | Novel low-grade heat energy power generation method and device |
| CN110847990A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-28 | 上海宇航系统工程研究所 | Heat energy conversion device based on working medium cyclic synthesis |
| CN110847990B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-03-25 | 上海宇航系统工程研究所 | Heat energy conversion device based on working medium cyclic synthesis |
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Application publication date: 20140521 |