JP2012228253A - Method for preparing nutrient solution for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for preparing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation using organic matters, and to provide a hydroponic method for cultivating plants while adding the organic matters directly to the nutrient solution.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a biomineral inclusion includes constructing a microbial ecosystem necessary to stably making the organic matters inorganic by adding the organic matters to water gradually or all at once and fermenting. The hydroponics method includes cultivating the plants while adding the organic matters directly to the nutrient solution, using the biomineral inclusion obtained by the method as at least a portion of the nutrient solution.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a biomineral-containing material and an organic nutrient solution cultivation method, and more specifically, a nutrient solution for plant cultivation using a biomineral fermentation method that rapidly mineralizes organic matter to obtain a biomineral that can be absorbed by plants. The present invention relates to a production technique and a nutrient solution cultivation method using a nutrient solution obtained by the technique. Biomineral is an inorganic component of biological origin.

In recent years, from the viewpoint that a recycling-oriented society should be established, there has been an active movement worldwide to refrain from using chemical fertilizers and to promote the use of organic fertilizers.
However, in hydroponic cultivation, which has been spreading in the production of vegetables such as tomatoes and flowers, adding organic substances directly to the nutrient solution produces harmful intermediate decomposition products that damage the roots of the plant. Could not think of adding organic matter to the nutrient solution. Therefore, at present, only chemical fertilizer is used for nutrient solution.

On the other hand, various attempts have been made in the past to provide a technique capable of using organic matter even in hydroponics.
For example, the approach which mineralizes organic substance beforehand and uses for nutrient solution has been performed (refer patent documents 1-3, nonpatent literature 1). However, in this method, the decomposition of the nitrogen component has advanced only to ammonia. This is because a large amount of low-molecular-weight organic substances and intermediate decomposition products such as ammonia are generated in order to decompose a large amount of organic substances at once in order to increase efficiency, and the nitrifying bacteria that decompose ammonia into nitric acid are killed. it is conceivable that. Therefore, attempts have been made to use ammonia as a nutrient solution, but it has been used only as part of fertilizer because of excessive ammonia damage to crops.
Then, in order to produce | generate nitric acid more suitable for a fertilizer from ammonia, the method using a nitrification reaction tank was developed (refer patent documents 4-7, nonpatent literature 1). However, in this method, it is necessary to prepare two reaction tanks for ammonia conversion for decomposing organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen and for nitrification for oxidizing nitrate nitrogen to produce nitrate nitrogen. Moreover, the nitrification reaction is unstable and it is difficult to stably obtain nitric acid. In addition, decomposition often does not proceed well, and there is a problem that bad odor is likely to occur.
There is a method using a porous solid medium capable of inhabiting nitrifying bacteria in order to allow an organic substance to be directly introduced into a nutrient solution (see Patent Document 8), but this requires the use of a specific solid medium. It is a limited technology that cannot be applied to other cultivation techniques such as rock wool cultivation and hydroponic cultivation that are currently widely used.
Thus, the technique which can apply the method of adding an organic substance to a nutrient solution directly to any nutrient solution cultivation technique has not been put into practical use yet.

JP 2002-137979 A JP 2001-010885 JP JP 2000-264765 A JP 2005-074253 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-099366 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-094021 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-178995 JP 06-125668 A

"Nutrient soil culture and liquid fertilizer / medium management" Hirotomo, p.119-155 (2005)

An object of the present invention is to provide a biomineral fermentation method capable of smoothly mineralizing an organic substance added directly to water, and a method for producing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation using the fermentation method. That is, the present invention suppresses the generation of intermediate decomposition products harmful to plant growth by creating a microbial ecosystem necessary for mineralization of organic matter in the nutrient solution, and enables the direct addition of organic matter to the nutrient solution. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for stably performing mineralization of an organic substance in a single decomposition tank.

  As a result of intensive studies to overcome the above problems, the present inventors have decomposed a large amount of organic substances at once in order to improve efficiency. It has been clarified that the bacteria can be killed and only ammonia can be decomposed. And, it is possible to maintain the activity of nitrifying bacteria by providing a fermentation period of about 2 weeks until the microbial ecosystem necessary for decomposing organic matter into inorganic nutrients is completed in the nutrient solution. I found out. In addition, during the fermentation period, a small amount of organic matter that does not destroy the microbial ecosystem in the nutrient solution is added daily (gradual addition), or an amount of organic matter that does not destroy the microbial ecosystem is added at the start of fermentation. It was found that by adding all at once, a microbial ecosystem capable of smoothly degrading organic matter to inorganic nutrients can be maintained. Moreover, after the fermentation period, it was found that even if a considerable amount of organic matter necessary for plant cultivation was added, it was rapidly decomposed.

When the fermentation period ends, generation of decomposition intermediate products harmful to microbial ecosystems and plants can be suppressed, and a large amount of organic matter can be mineralized smoothly. In addition, organic nitrogen can be decomposed to nitric acid in a single decomposition tank. For this reason, even if organic matter is added directly to the nutrient solution for nutrient solution cultivation and nutrient solution soil cultivation, an unprecedented innovative cultivation method that enables good growth without causing damage to the plant. It was established.
Based on these findings, the inventors have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention according to claim 1 adds the organic substance described in the following (b) to the water so as to satisfy the condition described in the following (a), and cultivates while performing aeration as follows ( A method for producing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation, comprising performing the step of constructing a microbial ecosystem described in c).
(a) Conditions for adding the organic substance described in (b) below in an amount of 0.05 to 1 g per 1 L added once every 1 to 7 days.
(b) One or more selected from corn steep liquor, compost, green manure, feather manure, leaf litter, fish meal, oil meal, okara, raw garbage, rice bran, livestock manure, and inawara.
(c) When 66.67mg of corn steep liquor is added to 1L at a time, it is possible to generate nitric acid by decomposing to nitrate nitrogen in one day while suppressing the generation of ammonia as an intermediate decomposition product. A microbial ecosystem containing nitrifying bacteria.
The present invention according to claim 2 is the method for producing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the water is natural water inhabited by microorganisms.
The present invention according to claim 3 is the method for producing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water is groundwater.
The present invention according to claim 4 is a method for producing liquid fertilizer, characterized in that the nutrient solution for plant cultivation produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used.
The present invention according to claim 5 is a hydroponic cultivation method of a plant, manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the microbial ecosystem according to (c) It is characterized by cultivating a plant while aeration is carried out by directly adding organic matter to the contained nutrient solution for plant cultivation so as to satisfy the conditions described in (d) below; .
(d) Conditions for adding 1 to 5 g of the organic substance described in (b) once per day for 1 to 14 days per 1 L.

  According to the present invention, organic substances are added gradually or all at once, and by providing a fermentation period until the microbial ecosystem in the nutrient solution is completed, generation of harmful intermediate decomposition products can be suppressed, and the plant can grow well. Is possible. Moreover, the double parallel fermentation which can decompose | disassemble from organic nitrogen to nitric acid stably in a single decomposition tank is realizable. Therefore, according to the present invention, in a plant cultivation technique using a nutrient solution, a method is provided in which an organic substance can be added directly to the nutrient solution. It is also possible to produce a liquid fertilizer.

Furthermore, in the present invention, organic matter can be used to make a nutrient solution without distinction between solid and liquid, so that not only can a nutrient solution be produced using various raw materials, but it is also promising as an effective utilization method of organic waste. It is.
Moreover, the biomineral-containing material in the present invention can be used as a fast-acting fertilizer other than hydroponics. Conventionally, organic substances that can be used in hydroponics are limited to liquids, but according to the present invention, it is possible to produce nutrient solutions using solid organic substances as raw materials.
Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, the growth of bacterial wilt that causes serious damage in solanaceous plants such as tomatoes can be suppressed, and the occurrence of bacterial wilt can be prevented.

4 is a graph showing the generation amounts (mg / l) of ammonia and nitric acid from various organic substances in Test Example 1 over time. It is a graph which shows the generation amount (mg / l) of nitric acid at the time of adding Okara and bark compost in Test Example 1 with time. It is a graph which shows the influence on the ammonia generation amount (mg / l) of the soil addition in Experiment 2A. It is a graph which shows the influence on the nitric acid generation amount (mg / l) of the soil addition in Experiment 2A. It is a graph which shows the influence on the ammonia generation amount (mg / l) by the change of the soil addition amount in Experiment 2B. It is a graph which shows the influence on the nitric acid generation amount (mg / l) by the change of the soil addition amount in Experiment 2B. It is a figure which shows the soil addition method in Experiment 2C. It is a graph which shows the influence on the nitric acid generation amount (mg / l) of the soil addition in Experiment 2C. It is a graph which shows the influence on the nitric acid generation amount (mg / l) by the change of the soil addition amount in Experiment 2D. It is a graph which shows the influence on the nitric acid generation amount (mg / l) by the change of the corn steep liquor addition amount in Experiment 2E. 2 is a graph showing the amount of ammonia generated (mg / l) over time in Example 1. 2 is a graph showing the amount of nitric acid generated (mg / l) in Example 1 over time. It is a figure which shows a mode that the tomato seedling was planted in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of the tomato grown in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of the salad vegetable grown in Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the mode of the tomato which inoculated bacterial wilt disease in Test Example 3.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
As described above, in the conventional method, a large amount of organic matter is added to water at one time, so that many microorganisms including nitrifying bacteria are killed by intermediate decomposition products generated in large quantities during the decomposition of organic matter, and organic matter, particularly Organic nitrogen was not sufficiently mineralized.
On the other hand, in the method for producing a biomineral-containing material according to the present invention, an organic substance is gradually added to water or fermented by batch addition, whereby a stable microbial ecosystem is constructed in water, and the organic substance is stable and smooth. Mineralization (biomineralization) becomes possible. In a stable microbial ecosystem where the fermentation period has ended, various microbial species, including nitrifying bacteria originally present in water or air, coexist in a balanced manner. However, it can be mineralized smoothly and the microbial ecosystem will not be destroyed.
Examples of microorganisms required for mineralization of organic nitrogen in organic matter include protozoa, ammonia-forming bacteria such as bacteria and filamentous fungi, and nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, but are not limited thereto. Not what you want.

The organic substance used in the present invention may be any substance including organic nitrogen such as protein and its degradation products, amino acids, ammonia, etc., and can be used regardless of solid or liquid. Specific examples include organic fertilizers such as corn steep liquor, compost, green manure, blurred fertilizer, deciduous leaves, food residues such as fish meal, oil cake, okara, food waste, rice bran, organic agricultural waste such as livestock manure and rice straw, and various Organic wastes such as sludge and various waste waters containing organic components can be mentioned, and corn steep liquor, oil cake, fish meal and okara having a high nitrogen content are particularly preferable. Moreover, the shape should just be what can decompose | disassemble microorganisms, What is necessary is just to chop and grind | pulverize a big thing.
The water used in the present invention is not limited as long as various microorganisms existing in the environment can survive, and natural water such as ground water, tap water, sea water, and the like can be used, and ground water is particularly preferable.

In the present invention, it is preferable to inoculate a microbial source with water in addition to the organic matter. This is because the construction of a microbial ecosystem is promoted. Examples of the microorganism source include soil such as horticultural soil, compost such as bark compost, stones, and sand, but are not limited thereto.
The added amount of the microbial source may be 10 ⁸ to 10 ¹³ / L, preferably 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹¹ / L. When soil or bark compost is used as a microbial source, 5 to 50 g / L, preferably 10 to 20 g / L is added. The addition time of the microbial source is preferably within 10 days after the start of fermentation, and is particularly preferably added at the start of fermentation.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, organic substances are gradually added to water for fermentation.
In the present invention, “gradual addition” of organic substances (gradual addition) means that the organic substance is not added in a large amount at once, but is added in small portions so that the microbial ecosystem in water does not collapse. .
The amount of the organic substance that can be added at one time may be appropriately set depending on the decomposability of the organic substance and the temperature condition. Specifically, the nitrogen content is 1 to 30 mg / time with respect to 1 L of water, Preferably, 3 to 12 mg / time is added. Moreover, the addition amount as a whole organic substance is 0.05-1 g / time with respect to 1L of water, Preferably it is 0.1-0.4g / time. When using corn steep liquor as an organic substance, 0.05-1 with respect to 1L of water. g / time, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 g / time. The addition frequency of the organic substance is set to once / one to seven days, preferably once / day.
Moreover, when adding 5 g / L or more of microorganism sources, such as soil or bark compost, to water, it is possible to increase the addition amount of organic matter about 2 to 5 times. This seems to be due to the buffering effect that soil particles and the like adsorb harmful intermediate decomposition products. For example, when no microbial source such as soil is added, the amount of organic matter added is 0.05 to 1 g / time for 1 L, but when 5 g / L of soil is added, it is added to 2 to 5 g / time for 1 L. It becomes possible to do.

In the second aspect of the present invention, organic substances are added to water at the time of starting fermentation.
In the present invention, the addition amount of the organic substance is set to an amount that does not inhibit the construction of the microbial ecosystem in water. Therefore, the addition amount may be appropriately set according to various conditions such as decomposability of organic matter and temperature. Specifically, the nitrogen content is 1.5 to 30 mg, preferably 3 to 12 mg per 1 L of water. Added. Moreover, the addition amount as a whole organic substance is 0.05-1g with respect to 1L of water, Preferably it is 0.1-0.4g, and when using corn steep liquor as an organic substance, 0.05- 1 g, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 g.
Moreover, when adding 5 g / L or more of microorganism sources, such as soil or bark compost, to water, it is possible to increase the addition amount of organic matter about 2 to 5 times.

In the present invention, fermentation is performed at least for a period necessary until a microbial ecosystem necessary for stably mineralizing organic matter is built in water. Therefore, although this fermentation period varies depending on the type of water and organic matter used, the amount of organic matter added, the temperature conditions, etc., the standard for the end of the fermentation period is until the amount of nitric acid generated in the water is maximized, approximately 7 to 21 days, preferably 2 weeks.
As fermentation conditions in the said fermentation period, it should just be aerobic conditions by aeration, shaking, etc. at normal temperature, Preferably it is 20-32 degreeC.
The above fermentation period and fermentation conditions are common to the first and second aspects of the present invention.

The fermented liquor (biomineral-containing material) obtained after the end of the fermentation period contains abundant biominerals such as nitrate nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants. Moreover, since the microbial ecosystem required in order to mineralize organic substance stably is constructed | assembled in the said biomineral containing material, the added organic substance can be mineralized rapidly.
Therefore, the biomineral-containing material obtained by the first and second aspects of the present invention can be used for plant cultivation. Specific applications include nutrient solutions in hydroponics and hydroponics, or liquid fertilizers for additional fertilization. It can also be solidified by drying to form a solid fertilizer.
In addition, in the present invention, the biomineral-containing material refers to the fermented liquid itself obtained by fermentation by the above method, those obtained by subjecting the fermented liquid to filtration or centrifugation, adsorbent resin, dialysis, and the like. In addition, a concentrate thereof, and a dried product thereof are also included.

Next, the hydroponics method of the present invention will be described.
The present invention is a hydroponic cultivation method characterized by using the biomineral-containing material obtained by the above method as at least a part of a nutrient solution and cultivating a plant while directly adding an organic substance to the nutrient solution. . Hydroponic cultivation is a cultivation method that provides nutrient nutrients necessary for plant growth as liquid fertilizer, and includes hydroponics that does not use a medium, spray cultivation, and solid medium cultivation that uses a medium. It is suitably used for cultivation.
The plant to be cultivated in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant that is usually hydroponically cultivated. Specific examples include solanaceous plants such as tomatoes and eggplants, soft vegetables such as salad vegetables and lettuce, and flower buds such as roses, with tomatoes and salad vegetables being particularly preferred.

  As a method for producing a nutrient solution using the above-mentioned biomineral-containing material, the fermented solution is used as it is, or after adding other fertilizer components or diluting it to adjust the component composition, The method used for cultivation is mentioned. Moreover, the obtained fermented liquor can be concentrated and a liquid fertilizer can be manufactured, and the said liquid fertilizer can also be added to the already prepared nutrient solution for plant cultivation or water. Furthermore, additives such as preservatives can be mixed in the nutrient solution for plant cultivation produced as described above, if necessary.

In the present invention, the cultivation of the plant can be carried out in the same manner as in general hydroponics except that the organic matter is directly added to the nutrient solution. The organic matter here is added to supplement the consumed nutrients, and may be any material that can be used in the above-described method for producing a biomineral-containing material. Particularly, corn steep liquor, oil cake, Fish meal and okara are preferred.
The nutrient solution used in the present invention can be mineralized very smoothly even if a considerable amount of organic matter is added directly at once, so there is no particular limitation on the amount of organic matter added, but preferably per liter of nutrient solution. The nitrogen content is added at 30 to 150 mg / time, and the whole organic substance is added at 1 to 5 g / time. When corn steep liquor is used as the organic substance, it is added 1 to 5 g / time. The addition frequency is 1 time / 1 to 14 days, preferably 1 time / day.
Cultivation conditions may be appropriately selected as appropriate for the plant to be cultivated. However, in order to quickly mineralize organic matter in the nutrient solution, it is at normal temperature, preferably 20 to 32 ° C., and aerobic. It is preferable to grow under typical conditions.

By cultivating the plant by the above method, a yield equal to or higher than that of the conventional hydroponics method is obtained, and the quality is not inferior. Moreover, it has been clarified that the hydroponics method of the present invention can suppress the occurrence of bacterial wilt that causes serious damage in solanaceous plants such as tomatoes.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples.

Test Example 1 Biomineralization of various organic substances
To a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, 100 ml of distilled water, 1 g of soil and 1 g of various organic substances were added, and decomposition was performed at 25 ° C. For aeration purposes, it was carried out with shaking at 120 rpm. Organic substances include rapeseed oil residue (Miki), corn oil residue (Ota Oil & Fats Co., Ltd.), fish meal (Tosho Co., Ltd.), corn steep liquor (Sakata Seed Co., Ltd., hereinafter abbreviated as CSL). Was used. The soil used was horticulture soil (trade name: Ichiban Ichiban, Zen No Nori) (the same applies hereinafter). As a control, the same test as above was performed without adding soil.
The amount of ammonia and nitric acid generated from various organic substances was measured daily. For measurement, RQflex (made by MERCK) was used for both ammonia and nitric acid. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, plant-based products such as rapeseed oil cake, corn oil cake, corn steep liquor, etc., generated ammonia maximum in about one week, and all the nitrogen contained in the calculation was mineralized (Fig. 1-1). . In about a week, nitric acid generation was maximized. Fish meal tended to be slightly delayed, with ammonia conversion about 10 days later and nitrification about 3 weeks later. In the control group to which no soil was added, decomposition to ammonia occurred, but nitrification was not observed (results not shown).
When bark compost (Shimizu Port Wood Industry Cooperative) was tested in the same manner as above using commercially available okara as an organic matter, nitrification occurred (Fig. 1-2).

Test example 2 Addition conditions of microorganisms and organic substances A. Effect of presence or absence of soil addition
100 ml of distilled water, 1 g of CSL and / or 1 g of soil was added to a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask and shaken (120 rpm) at 25 ° C., and the generation amounts of ammonia and nitric acid were measured every day in the same manner as in Test Example 1. FIG. 2 shows the amount of ammonia generated, and FIG. 3 shows the amount of nitric acid generated.
As a result, the generation of nitric acid was observed only when both soil and CSL were added (FIG. 3). The generation of nitric acid was not observed only in soil and CSL alone. What added only CSL advanced to ammonia formation (FIG. 2).

B. Effect of Soil Amount Added Next, the effect on the amount of ammonia and nitric acid generated was examined by changing the amount of soil added.
That is, 5 g of CSL was added to 2 liters of water (groundwater), 0 g, 0.1 g, 1 g, and 10 g of soil were added, and aeration was performed at 25 ° C. with an air pump. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the amounts of ammonia and nitric acid generated were measured every day. FIG. 4 shows the amount of ammonia generated, and FIG. 5 shows the amount of nitric acid generated. As a result, nitrification was observed only when 10 g of soil was added (FIG. 5), and the amount of addition was less than that until ammonia formation (FIG. 4).

C. Nitrification with gradual addition and no addition of soil Rather than adding a large amount of organic substances at the beginning of the reaction, we examined the method of gradual addition in which small amounts were added daily.
That is, 1 g of CSL is added to 15 liters of water (groundwater) every day, and 150 g of soil is placed in “Tokiwa Tea Pack” (Tokiwa Sangyo Co., Ltd.) (Fig. 6), 25 Aerated with an air pump at ℃. As a control, the same test was performed without hanging the soil bag. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the amount of nitric acid generated was measured every day. The results are shown in FIG. As a result, nitrification advanced unexpectedly even in the control group to which no soil was added (FIG. 7).
From this, if a large amount of organic matter (> 2.5 g / l) is added in the initial stage as in the experiment of B, nitrification does not proceed without the addition of soil, but a small amount of organic matter is added every day as in the experiment of C. It was thought that nitrification could be sufficiently promoted by microorganisms that live in natural water such as groundwater if the method of slow addition was added.

D. Effect of Soil Addition with Slow Addition Next, add 0 g, 0.1 g, 1 g, 10 g of soil to 2 liters of water (groundwater), add 1 g of CSL daily, and air pump at 25 ° C Was aerated. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the amount of nitric acid generated was measured every day. The results are shown in FIG. Then, if the gradual addition was performed, nitrification proceeded regardless of whether or not the soil was added, unlike the results of B (FIG. 8).

E. Effect of organic substance addition amount in gradual addition
CSL was added in 0.1 g, 0.2 g, and 0.4 g daily to 2 liters of water (ground water) at 25 ° C. while aeration with an air pump. In either case, no soil was added. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the amount of nitric acid generated was measured every day. The results are shown in FIG. As a result, generation of nitric acid was observed in all test sections (FIG. 9). Therefore, it was found that nitrification progresses with the method of slow addition in which the daily addition amount of CSL is 1 g / L or less.

<Discussion>
As described above, from the results of A, it was found that if soil is used as a microbial source, nitrification can proceed smoothly even if the initial organic substance addition amount is increased (10 g / L or more).
From the results of C, D, and E, the method of gradual addition of 1 g or less per liter of organic matter (per day) without using microorganism-rich sources such as soil as a microbial source It was found that nitrification can be promoted.
From the results of B, it was found that when 2.5 g or more of organic matter per liter was initially added, nitrification would not proceed due to the death of nitrifying bacteria unless soil was added at 5 g / L or more. However, it was found that if gradual addition of about 0.5 g per liter per day as in E was adopted, nitrification could proceed without the addition of soil. The reason why nitric acid fermentation was difficult with the conventional mineralization technology was thought to be because nitrifying bacteria were killed by adding a large amount of organic substances in the initial stage.

Example 1 Hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes with biominerals First, as a control experiment, the state of the plant was examined when hydroponically cultivated by adding organic matter to the hydroponic liquid without placing a fermentation period.
That is, 2 weeks seedlings of tomato (variety name 'Ponderosa') were planted in a Wagner pot containing 3 liters of water (groundwater), 15 grams of CSL was added, aerated with an air pump, and the progress was observed at room temperature . About 3 days after the start of cultivation, the plant turned yellow and died. This is thought to be because the intermediate degradation products produced by the degradation of CSL damaged the tomato roots.

Next, a fermentation period in which the organic matter in the nutrient solution was mineralized was provided by the method of the present invention, and then the plant was planted to carry out the nutrient solution cultivation.
That is, 30 g of soil was added to four Wagner pots each containing 3 liters of water (groundwater) and aerated with an air pump at room temperature. 5 g of CSL was added to each pot daily. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the amounts of ammonia and nitric acid generated were measured every day. FIG. 10A shows the amount of ammonia generated, and FIG. 10B shows the amount of nitric acid generated. 10 (A) and 10 (B), “1 ammonia (nitric acid)” refers to the amount of ammonia (nitric acid) generated in the No. 1 pot. The same applies to 2-4. As a result, nitrification of four pots reached a peak in about 2 weeks (FIG. 10B).
Two weeks after the start of CSL addition, seedlings were planted for 1 week / pot for 2 weeks of tomato (variety 'Ponderosa') (Fig. 11), and hydroponic cultivation was carried out while continuing aeration at room temperature (biomineral zone) ). At the time of planting, 30 g of oyster shell lime (trade name “Selka”, Zen No Nori) was added to each pot to compensate for the lack of inorganic components such as calcium and magnesium. After planting, the amount of CSL added was 1-5 g per day per pot.
On the other hand, as a control, hydroponics was performed in the same manner as the biomineral zone (chemical fertilizer zone) except that a nutrient solution in which chemical fertilizer (Otsuka Chemical, Otsuka A prescription) was mixed with water was used. The amount of fertilizer applied was such that the amount of nitrogen applied was equal to that of the biomineral zone, and daily fertilization was performed.
As a result, at the 4th week after planting, smooth growth was observed in the biomineral group (left column in FIG. 12) and the chemical fertilizer group (right column in FIG. 12), and there was a difference in the growth of tomatoes. There wasn't. Therefore, it became clear that the growth result equivalent to the conventional method can be obtained by the method of the present invention in which an organic substance is directly added to the nutrient solution.

Example 2 Hydroponics of Salad Vegetables with Biominerals Cultivation tests were also conducted with salad vegetables.
That is, 1 g of CSL was added daily to a planter (63 × 23 × 18 cm) containing 15 liters of water (ground water), and a fermentation period in which aeration was continued at room temperature was provided. Two weeks later, after confirming that nitrification had progressed as shown in Fig. 7, 16 seedlings / planter planting of salad vegetables ('Okayama Salad Vegetables', Takii seedlings) was planted for about 1 week, and cultivated at normal temperature. Started (biomineral zone). The amount of CSL added after planting was 1-3 g per day and added directly into the nutrient solution.
As a chemical fertilizer section (control), a hydroponic culture was performed in the same manner as in the biomineral section except that a nutrient solution in which chemical fertilizer (Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., Otsuka A prescription) was mixed with water was used. In addition, the amount of fertilization was adjusted daily with the amount of nitrogen component added to the biomineral zone.
As a result, when the yield of the entire planter was compared between the biomineral zone (front side in FIG. 13) and the chemical fertilizer zone (back side in FIG. 13) at the fourth week after planting, the biomineral zone 350 g, The chemical fertilizer zone was 312 g and the biomineral zone grew slightly better. There were no particular differences in leaf color or taste between the two test sections.
Therefore, for salad vegetables, it has been clarified that a growth result equal to or higher than that of the conventional method can be obtained by the method of the present invention in which an organic substance is directly added to a nutrient solution. Therefore, it is estimated that other plants can also be cultivated by the method of the present invention.

Test Example 3 Resistance to bacterial wilt resistance by biomineral cultivation The resistance to bacterial wilt of plants cultivated by the method of the present invention was tested as follows.
First, bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum 03-01487 strain) was statically cultured at 32 ° C. for 3 days on a CPG agar medium (composition: 1 g of casamino acid per liter, 10 g of peptone, 5 g of glucose, 16 g of agar). The grown cells were suspended in sterilized water and used as a bacterial inoculum source.

Next, 1 g of CSL was added to a planter (63 × 23 × 18 cm) containing 15 liters of water (ground water) every day, and a fermentation period in which aeration was continued at room temperature was provided. Two weeks later, 16 strains / planter of 2 weeks seedlings of tomatoes (variety name “Ponderosa”) were planted each time, and hydroponic cultivation was started at 32 ° C. (biomineral zone). The amount of CSL added after planting was 1 g / day. After 2 days, 9 days and 11 days after planting, the bacterial wilt fungus (10 ⁸ to 10 ¹⁰ cells) obtained above was inoculated into the nutrient solution.
On the other hand, as a chemical fertilizer section (control), hydroponics and inoculation were performed in the same manner as in the biomineral section except that a nutrient solution in which chemical fertilizer (Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., Otsuka A prescription) was mixed with water was used. In addition, the amount of fertilization was adjusted daily with the amount of nitrogen component added to the biomineral zone.

As a result, at the time of the 13th day after planting, 11 strains in the chemical fertilizer plot were wilt due to bacterial wilt (upper side in FIG. 14), but no disease strain was generated in the biomineral plot (lower side in FIG. 14). .
Therefore, it became clear that the occurrence of bacterial wilt can be suppressed by cultivation by the method of the present invention.

ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the nourishing liquid cultivation method which can add an organic substance directly to a nourishing liquid is provided, and the nourishing liquid for nourishing liquid cultivation and nourishing soil culture, or the liquid fertilizer for additional fertilization is manufactured only from organic substance. It is also possible. Conventionally, the organic matter that can be used in the hydroponics is limited to the liquid, but the present invention makes it possible to produce the nutrient solution using the solid organic matter as a raw material.
Furthermore, in the present invention, organic matter can be used to make a nutrient solution without distinction between solid and liquid, so that not only can a nutrient solution be produced using various raw materials, but it is also promising as an effective utilization method of organic waste. It is.
Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of bacterial wilt that causes serious damage in solanaceous plants such as tomatoes.

Claims (5)

By adding the organic matter described in (b) below to water so as to satisfy the conditions described in (a) below, and culturing with aeration, the microbial ecosystem described in (c) below is constructed. The manufacturing method of the nutrient solution for plant cultivation characterized by performing a process.
(a) Conditions for adding the organic substance described in (b) below in an amount of 0.05 to 1 g per 1 L added once every 1 to 7 days.
(b) One or more selected from corn steep liquor, compost, green manure, feather manure, leaf litter, fish meal, oil meal, okara, raw garbage, rice bran, livestock manure, and inawara.
(c) When 66.67mg of corn steep liquor is added to 1L at a time, it is possible to generate nitric acid by decomposing to nitrate nitrogen in one day while suppressing the generation of ammonia as an intermediate decomposition product. A microbial ecosystem containing nitrifying bacteria.   2. The method for producing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the water is natural water inhabited by microorganisms.   3. The method for producing a nutrient solution for plant cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the water is groundwater.   A method for producing a liquid fertilizer, comprising using a nutrient solution for plant cultivation produced by the method according to claim 1. A nutrient solution cultivation method for a plant, which is produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and the nutrient solution for plant cultivation containing the microbial ecosystem according to (c), An organic substance is directly added so as to satisfy the conditions described in (d) below, and the plant is cultivated while aeration is performed;
(d) Conditions for adding 1 to 5 g of the organic substance described in (b) once per day for 1 to 14 days per 1 L.