JP2012159264A - Method and system for waste melting disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system for waste melting disposal which prevent clinker generation of a fire grate part of the same system.SOLUTION: In the waste melting disposal method where the gas generated both in the fire grate part 2 generating thermal decomposition residual substance and in the thermal decomposition residual substance melting part 3 of the melting furnace 6 melting the thermal decomposition residual substance by making coke as heat source is passed through the waste packed bed formed by charging the waste from the top of drying shaft part 1 for drying to dry up the waste, the gas passed through the waste packed bed is emitted from the exhaust discharge port 9 of the drying shaft part 1 to be processed for detoxication with an exhaust treatment system to be discharged through the exhaust flue 24, whereas the waste dried in the drying shaft part 1 is decomposed thermally in the fire grate part 2 to generate the thermal decomposition residual substance 19, which is continuously dropped from the fire grate part 2 to be supplied to the thermal decomposition residual substance melting part 3 for melting, the exhaust is brought out from the exhaust flue 24 to blow into below the fire grate part 2 for controlling temperature of the upper part of fire grate part less than a clinker generation temperature.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for preventing generation of clinker in a grate part in a waste melting method by a waste melting apparatus in which a drying shaft part and a pyrolysis residue melting part are connected via a grate part.

  In a shaft furnace type waste melting furnace that melts waste, there is a large amount of high-moisture waste such as garbage and volatile matter such as wood in the waste. When the volatile matter is lowered to the lower part of the furnace without being gasified, both moisture and volatile matter lower the ambient temperature. Therefore, in order to maintain the atmospheric temperature high and completely melt the non-combustible material, it is necessary to increase the amount of coke used as a result.

  Therefore, in waste melting treatment, drying and thermal decomposition are performed separately from combustion and melting to remove moisture and volatiles in the waste, and the waste is lowered to the bottom of the furnace without being dried or pyrolyzed. To suppress the consumption of coke used for melting ash by lowering the ambient temperature at the bottom of the furnace, thereby achieving complete melting with the heat of the pyrolysis residue and the heat of a small amount of coke. A waste melting treatment technique that can be used has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the waste melting furnace shown in Patent Document 1 thermally decomposes the waste dried by the drying shaft 1 and the drying shaft 1 to dry the charged waste. It comprises a melting furnace 6 having a grate part 2 for generating a pyrolysis residue and a pyrolysis residue melting part 3 for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue at the bottom. The drying shaft portion 1 is disposed above the entrance side of the grate portion 2, and the pyrolysis residue melting portion 3 is disposed below the exit side of the grate portion 2, communicated with the crank shape and integrally provided. ing. In addition, the pyrolysis residue etc. which fell from between the grate are discharged | emitted by an ash conveyance apparatus.

  An exhaust gas outlet 9 and a waste charging inlet 10 are provided at the top of the drying shaft portion 1, and the waste charging inlet 10 is provided with a sealing lid 11 for preventing gas from blowing out during charging. . A waste transfer device 12 such as a pusher is provided below the drying shaft portion 1.

  The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 9 is sent to the combustion chamber of the exhaust gas treatment facility for combustion, and the combustion exhaust gas generated by the combustion is sent to the waste heat boiler for heat recovery, and the boiler exhaust gas is cooled by a temperature reducer. Introduce it into the bug filter and collect the dust. The exhaust gas after the dust collection is attracted by the induction fan and is discharged from the chimney through the exhaust gas flue 24.

  The grate part 2 includes a grate 13 that moves the waste charged from the drying shaft part 1 to the pyrolysis residue melting part 3 while thermally decomposing the waste. Reference numeral 16 denotes an activation burner, and 17 denotes an air blowing port for blowing combustion air into the drying shaft portion.

  The pyrolysis residue melting part 3 of the melting furnace 6 includes a lower hearth part 4 and a morning glory part 5 connected to the hearth part 4. The hearth section 4 includes a lower tuyere 7 for blowing air and oxygen as an oxygen source, and an upper tuyere 8 for blowing air into the morning glory part 5. A coke bed 18 is formed in the pyrolysis residue melting part 3 in the same manner as the bottom of a conventional shaft furnace type waste melting furnace. Auxiliary materials such as coke and limestone are fed from the auxiliary material inlet 15 at the top of the melting furnace 6.

  A treatment method using the waste melting apparatus having the above-described configuration will be described.

  The waste packed bed formed in the drying shaft portion 1 by being charged from the waste charging port 10 at the top of the drying shaft portion 1 has gas generated from the grate portion 2 and the pyrolysis residue melting portion 3. It passes through and is efficiently heat exchanged for drying. A pyrolysis residue 19 is generated by pyrolysis while moving the waste dried by the drying shaft unit 1 through the grate unit 2, and the generated pyrolysis residue falls into the pyrolysis residue melting unit 3 to form a coke bed. It is burned and melted by 18 heat sources, and the melt is discharged from the hot water outlet 14 of the hearth part 4. The exhaust gas passes through the waste of the drying shaft portion 1 and is exhausted from the exhaust gas outlet 9.

JP 2010-255890 A

  In the melt processing method described in the cited document 1, in the grate portion, heated air is used as the screen of the grate in order to thermally decompose the dried waste and generate a pyrolysis residue. If heated air is used, the combustion temperature in the grate will become too high, and if continuous operation is continued, clinker will gradually form in the grate, causing the clinker to decrease the pyrolysis residue transport capacity, etc. Will interfere with stable operation.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a waste melting for preventing clinker generation in a grate part in a waste melting process by a waste melting apparatus in which a drying shaft part and a pyrolysis residue melting part are connected via a grate part. A processing method and apparatus are provided.

  The waste melting method of the present invention is a grate for generating a pyrolysis residue in a waste packed bed formed by charging waste into the drying shaft from the top of the drying shaft for drying the waste. The gas generated in the pyrolysis residue melting portion that melts the pyrolysis residue using the coke as a heat source is passed to dry the waste, and the gas that has passed through the waste packed bed is exhausted to the exhaust gas of the drying shaft portion. It is discharged from the mouth, detoxified in the exhaust gas treatment facility, discharged through the flue gas flue, and the waste dried in the drying shaft part is pyrolyzed in the grate part to produce a pyrolysis residue, In a waste melting method in which pyrolysis residue is continuously dropped from the grate portion, supplied to the pyrolysis residue melting portion and melted, exhaust gas is taken out from the flue gas flue and below the grate portion Infuse the fire And controlling the temperature of the terminal portion upper below the clinker formation temperature.

  In the waste melting treatment method, the temperature of the upper part of the grate part is detected, and the exhaust gas from the flue gas flue is blown below the grate according to the detected temperature so that the temperature of the upper part of the grate part is 600 ° C. to It is characterized by maintaining in the range of 800 ° C.

  Further, the waste melting treatment apparatus of the present invention is provided with a waste charging inlet and an exhaust gas exhaust outlet at the top, and a grate portion on a waste packed layer formed by charging waste from the waste charging inlet. And the drying shaft portion through which the gas generated in the pyrolysis residue melting portion passes and the waste is dried, and the gas that has passed through the waste filling layer is discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust port, and the drying shaft portion An exhaust gas treatment facility that detoxifies the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust port and discharges it through an exhaust gas flue, and waste that is connected to the lower portion of the drying shaft portion and dried by the drying shaft portion The pyrolysis residue generated by pyrolyzing the pyrolysis residue is connected to the pyrolysis residue outlet side of the grate portion, and the pyrolysis residue supplied by dropping from the grate portion is converted into coke. Melt processing as a heat source In the waste treatment apparatus in which the pyrolysis residue melting part is sequentially arranged, a circulation exhaust gas pipe connecting an exhaust gas inlet for taking out the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flue and blowing the exhaust gas taken out into the grate part, and the circulation An exhaust gas flow rate adjustment valve for adjusting the exhaust gas flow rate taken out from the exhaust gas flue, provided in the exhaust gas pipe, and a temperature detection signal of a thermometer arranged at the upper part of the grate unit, A control device for controlling the exhaust gas flow rate of the exhaust gas flow rate regulating valve is arranged so as to maintain the temperature below the clinker generation temperature.

  In the waste melting apparatus, the controller maintains the temperature of the upper part of the grate portion in a range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C.

  The present invention can control the temperature of the upper part of the grate part by lowering the temperature of the upper part of the grate part by blowing the flue gas into the lower part of the grate part, thereby preventing the clinker from adhering to the grate part. Stable operation is possible.

It is the schematic of the waste melting furnace of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between a circulating exhaust gas mixing ratio and a grate combustion gas temperature. It is the schematic of the conventional waste melting furnace.

  In the waste melting apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the same components as those of the conventional waste melting furnace shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 1, the waste melting treatment apparatus of the present invention generates a pyrolysis residue by thermally decomposing waste dried by the drying shaft portion 1 for drying the charged waste and the drying shaft portion 1. And a melting furnace 6 provided with a pyrolysis residue melting section 3 for burning and melting the pyrolysis residue generated in the grate section 2. In the waste melting apparatus, the drying shaft portion 1 is disposed above the entrance side of the grate portion 2 and the pyrolysis residue melting portion 3 is disposed below the exit side of the grate portion 2 so as to communicate with the crank shape. And are integrally connected.

  At the top of the drying shaft portion 1, a waste charging inlet 10 having a sealing lid 11 and an exhaust gas outlet 9 are provided. A waste filling layer is formed by the waste charged from the waste loading inlet 10 in the drying shaft portion 1. High-temperature gas generated in the grate portion 2 and the pyrolysis residue melting portion 3 passes through the waste packed bed to dry the waste by heat exchange, and the gas that has passed through the waste packed bed passes through the exhaust gas outlet 9 at the top. Discharged from.

  The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 9 is processed in an exhaust gas treatment facility of a waste melting apparatus that has been conventionally used. That is, it is burned in the combustion chamber, the flue gas generated by the combustion is sent to a boiler for heat recovery, further cooled by a temperature reducer, introduced into a bag filter and collected. The exhaust gas after the dust collection is attracted by the blower and is discharged from the chimney through the exhaust gas flue 24.

  The grate part 2 includes a grate 13 that moves the waste dried by the drying shaft part 1 to the thermal decomposition residue melting part 3 while generating a thermal decomposition residue by thermal decomposition. The grate part 2 is formed by combining the movable grate 13a and the fixed grate 13b alternately in a staircase shape or an inclined shape, as in the case of the stoker furnace. The waste on the grate is advanced from the upstream side to the downstream side while being agitated by reciprocating at a constant pitch in the front-rear direction with a driving device such as a cylinder. Air is blown into the grate portion 2 from below. By providing the grate structure, the supply of the pyrolysis residue 19 to the pyrolysis residue melting section 3 is continuous and stable, and the pyrolysis residue melting section 3 ensures stable melting of the pyrolysis residue. Is possible.

  The grate unit 2 is divided into two stages, a front-stage grate group 2a and a rear-stage grate group 2b. The front-stage grate group 2a and the rear-stage grate group 2b have independent drive devices. By making the grate part into two stages of the front grate group 2a and the rear grate group 2b, it is possible to enhance the waste mixing in the grate part 2, and to dry and thermally decompose more efficiently. Can be performed.

  Further, depending on the thermal decomposition state of the waste in the grate part 2, the driving speed of the movable grate 13a, the air flow rate from the grate, the air temperature by the independent drive devices of the front grate group 2a and the rear grate group 2b It is possible to easily control the drying and thermal decomposition status of the waste in the grate portion 2 by changing the above individually, so that the drying and thermal decomposition of the waste can be optimized. For example, when the dry / pyrolytic state of the waste is insufficient, the pyrolysis state is improved by slowing the grate driving speed of the rear grate group 2b as compared with the front grate group 2a. Is possible.

  Further, it is desirable that the inclination angle of the rear-stage grate group 2b be smaller than the inclination angle of the front-stage grate group 2a. In FIG. 1, the rear grate group 2 b is leveled to be smaller than the inclination angle of the front grate group 2 a that is inclined downward toward the rear grate group 2 b side. By changing the inclination angle, it is possible to enhance the stirring of the garbage. Furthermore, by making the inclination angle of the rear grate 2b gentler than that of the front grate 2a, the pyrolysis residue that is not sufficiently pyrolyzed is supplied from the grate part 2 to the pyrolysis residue melting part 3. It becomes easy to suppress. By doing so, it becomes possible to optimize the amount of external combustion used such as coke in the pyrolysis residue melting part 3. In order to reliably supply waste from the drying shaft portion 1 to the grate portion 2, it is desirable that the front grate group 2a is installed in a horizontal step shape as shown in FIG. In addition, the thermal decomposition residue etc. which fell from the grate part 2 are discharged | emitted by the conveyor 20. FIG.

  The pyrolysis residue melting part 3 includes a lower tuyere 7 for blowing air and oxygen as an oxygen source in the hearth part 4, and an upper tuyere 8 for blowing air into the morning glory part 5. In the hearth 4, a coke bed 18 is formed as in the conventional shaft furnace type waste melting furnace, and a hot water outlet 14 for pouring the melt is provided. Auxiliary materials such as coke and limestone are provided at the top of the melting furnace 6 and are introduced from an auxiliary material charging port 15 provided with a sealing lid for preventing gas from blowing out during charging.

  The exhaust gas flue 24 and the grate part 2 are connected by a circulation exhaust gas pipe 25, and the exhaust gas taken out from the exhaust gas flue 24 passes through the circulation exhaust gas pipe 25 from the exhaust gas inlet 21 of the grate part 2 in the grate part 2. It can be supplied downward. The exhaust gas injection amount from the circulation exhaust gas pipe 25 is adjusted by the exhaust gas flow rate adjustment valve 22.

  The temperature of the grate part 2 is detected by a thermometer T1 arranged at the upper part of the grate part. The temperature detection signal of the thermometer T1 is input to the control device 23. The control device 23 compares the detected temperature with the set temperature, calculates the exhaust gas injection amount according to the result, and controls the exhaust gas flow rate adjustment valve 22. The exhaust gas injection amount is adjusted.

  In the waste treatment apparatus having the above-described configuration, waste is charged into the drying shaft portion 1 from the waste inlet 10 at the top of the drying shaft portion 1 to form a waste filling layer. When the exhaust gas generated in the grate part 2 and the pyrolysis residue melting part 3 passes through the layer, heat exchange is performed, and the waste is efficiently dried. The heat-exchanged gas that has passed through the waste-filled layer of the drying shaft portion 1 is exhausted from the exhaust gas outlet 9. The waste dried by the drying shaft portion 1 moves to the grate portion 2 where it is thermally decomposed to generate a pyrolysis residue 19.

  Air necessary for self-combustion of waste is supplied to the grate 13 of the grate unit 2. The air ratio is preferably 0.1 to 0.8. The temperature of the grate part 2 is detected by the thermometer T1, and the exhaust gas flow rate adjusting valve 22 is controlled by the control device 23 according to the detected temperature to adjust the amount of exhaust gas blown from the exhaust gas flue. The temperature of the part 2 is adjusted so as to be within a range of 600 ° C. to 800 ° C., and is operated so as not to reach the clinker generation temperature.

  The generated pyrolysis residue 19 falls from the residue drop outlet on the exit side of the grate part 2 into the pyrolysis residue melting part 3 and is burned and melted by the heat source of the coke bed 18. The melt is discharged from the outlet 14 of the hearth part 4.

  Examples to which the present invention is applied will be described below.

  Conventionally, normally, the grate portion is blown (100% air) by controlling the air ratio to be a set value (for example, 0.3).

  On the other hand, in the present invention, the amount of circulating exhaust gas is added so that the grate gas temperature T1 becomes a set temperature (for example, 600 ° C.). In addition, the target range of the circulating exhaust gas mixture ratio is controlled so that the grate combustion gas temperature falls within 600 ° C to 800 ° C.

At this time, it is necessary to squeeze the grate air flow so that the total oxygen flow rate does not change. Specifically, the amount of O ₂ in the circulating exhaust gas is calculated from the circulating exhaust gas amount and the circulating exhaust gas O ₂ concentration (= indicated value of the chimney O ₂ analyzer), and the amount of air corresponding to the O ₂ amount (= The flow rate control is performed so that the amount of O ₂ /0.21) is reduced from the amount of grate blown air.

  FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the circulating exhaust gas mixture ratio and the grate combustion gas temperature. By circulating exhaust gas mixing, waste can be burned without changing the total oxygen amount (without changing the air ratio), and the combustion temperature can be lowered to a predetermined set temperature.

1: Drying shaft part 2: Grate part 3: Pyrolysis residue melting part 4: Hearth part 5: Morning glory part 6: Melting furnace 7: Lower tuyere 8: Upper tuyere 9: Exhaust vent 10: Waste Inlet 11: Sealing lid 12: Waste supply device 13: Grate 14: Outlet 15: Sub-material inlet 16: Burner 17: Drying shaft tuyere 18: Coke bed 19: Pyrolysis residue 20: Conveyor 21: Exhaust gas inlet 22: Exhaust gas flow rate adjustment valve 23: Control device 24: Exhaust gas flue 25: Circulating exhaust gas piping

Claims (4)

The waste packed bed formed by charging the waste into the drying shaft from the top of the drying shaft that dries the waste contains the grate and coke that generate the pyrolysis residue as the heat source. The gas generated in the melting part of the pyrolysis residue that melts is passed through to dry the waste,
The gas that has passed through the waste packed bed is discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust port of the drying shaft part, detoxified in the exhaust gas treatment facility and discharged through the exhaust gas flue,
Wastes dried on the drying shaft are pyrolyzed in the grate to produce pyrolysis residues,
In the waste melting treatment method in which the generated pyrolysis residue is continuously dropped from the grate portion and supplied to the pyrolysis residue melting portion to be melted,
A waste melting method, wherein exhaust gas is taken out from the flue gas flue and blown below the grate part to control the temperature of the upper part of the grate part below a clinker generation temperature.   The temperature of the upper part of the grate part is detected, and the exhaust gas from the flue gas flue is blown below the grate according to the detected temperature to maintain the temperature of the upper part of the grate part in a range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C. The waste melting method according to claim 1. A waste charging inlet and exhaust gas exhaust outlet are provided at the top, and gas generated in the grate and pyrolysis residue melting part passes through the waste filling layer formed by charging waste from the waste charging inlet. And drying the waste, and the drying shaft portion through which the gas that has passed through the waste filling layer is discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust port,
Exhaust gas treatment equipment for detoxifying exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas exhaust port of the drying shaft portion and releasing it through an exhaust gas flue,
The grate portion that is connected to the lower portion of the drying shaft portion and pyrolyzes the waste material dried by the drying shaft portion to generate a pyrolysis residue;
The pyrolysis residue melting part connected to the outlet side of the pyrolysis residue of the grate part and dropping the pyrolysis residue supplied from the grate part using the coke as a heat source is sequentially arranged. In waste treatment equipment,
Extracting the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flue, circulating exhaust gas piping connecting the exhaust gas inlet for blowing the exhaust gas extracted into the grate portion,
An exhaust gas flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting an exhaust gas flow rate provided in the circulating exhaust gas pipe and taken out from the exhaust gas flue;
A control device is provided for controlling the exhaust gas flow rate of the exhaust gas flow rate adjusting valve so as to maintain the temperature of the upper portion of the grate portion below a clinker generation temperature by a temperature detection signal of a thermometer disposed at the upper portion of the grate portion. A waste melting treatment apparatus characterized by that.   The waste melting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controller maintains the temperature of the upper part of the grate portion in a range of 600C to 800C.

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