JP2012127186A - Construction method of cellar for building completed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a construction method of a cellar for a building completed.SOLUTION: The construction method includes: a step of making a plurality of holes and a slot pass through bottom concrete at the bottom part of the building completed so as to be communicated with the holes, inserting a support to the inside of the slot and making a stopper projected at the lower part of the support be engaged with the lower part of the slot to fix it; a step of providing a press-in machine on the upper part of the support; a step of inserting hollow piles to the respective holes, then pushing the piles into the underground using the press-in machine, stacking other piles on the pushed-in piles every time the piles are pushed in, then successively pushing them in by the press-in machine to support the underground structure of the building completed; a step of supporting the building completed by a column pushed into the underground and excavating the lower ground of the bottom concrete of the building in order to secure an underground space; and a step of placing concrete to the horizontal surface and vertical surface of the underground space secured by the step of excavating the lower ground of the concrete.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for constructing a basement of a completed building in which a basement can be constructed by excavating the lower ground of the building while leaving the already completed building as it is. A pusher is installed on the support that is fixed by penetrating, and a plurality of struts formed by pushing the hollow piles in a row using this pusher are used to safely support the completed building. By excavating the ground of the object and selectively forming the underground space, the basement of this underground space is cast with concrete to form the basement, so that the basement can be constructed easily and safely, and low noise in a narrow space And a method for constructing a basement of a completed building that can be constructed at low cost.

  Buildings that have already been completed, especially buildings such as large buildings, are heavy in themselves, so when excavating the lower ground and securing a basement, the foundation supporting the building becomes weak and there is a risk of collapse Because it was extremely expensive, it was virtually impossible to secure or add a basement.

  Therefore, in the case of a building that does not have a basement or that does not have a basement, especially a large building that requires an additional underground parking lot, purchase another land or building to solve this problem. Therefore, there is a practical problem that requires a large purchase cost.

  In order to solve these problems, recently, a method of constructing a basement has also been proposed for a completed building, but another complicated structure to support the building should be provided at the bottom of the building. Therefore, the structure is complicated, and not only the cost for installation is increased, but the number of work steps is increased, the work period is extended, and the construction cost is increased due to the input of a large amount of manpower.

  The present invention was devised in order to solve various problems in the construction method of the basement of the conventional completed building as described above, and its purpose is to fix the bottom concrete of the completed building through it. The support is provided with an indenter, and the pillars formed by pushing the hollow piles in a row using the indenter safely support the completed building, and then excavate the ground of the completed building. Then, the basement of the completed building is constructed in such a way that the basement can be easily and safely constructed by selectively forming the basement and placing the bottom of the basement with concrete to form the basement. Is to provide.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a basement of a completed building that can be constructed or expanded in a narrow space at low cost.

  Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a basement of a completed building, in which a column can be pushed in with no vibration and low noise using a hydraulic pusher.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the construction method of the basement of the completed building according to the present invention is to form a plurality of holes in the bottom concrete at the bottom of the completed building, and to penetrate the slots so as to communicate with the holes. A step of inserting a support into the inside of the slot and fixing the stopper protruding from the bottom of the support so that it does not move on the bottom of the slot; and a step of providing a pusher on the top of the support; After pushing a hollow pile into each hole, the pile is pushed into the basement using a pushing machine, and when the pile is pushed in, another pile is stacked on top of each pushed pile. , A step of pushing in a column supporting the completed building by sequentially pushing in with the pushing machine, and a state where the completed building is supported by the column pushed into the basement A step of excavating a lower ground of the bottom concrete of the building to secure an underground space, and a step of placing concrete on a horizontal surface and a vertical surface of the underground space secured by the step of excavating the lower ground of the concrete And including.

  As explained above, the construction method of the basement of the completed building according to the present invention can newly install or add the basement without reconstructing the completed building, thus reducing the generation of building waste and environmental pollution. Not only can this be prevented, but waste of building materials can be prevented.

  The present invention provides not only a pusher for embedding piles but also a hydraulic cylinder that does not generate noise and vibration and can provide an easy working environment, and a plurality of support columns pushed into the basement of a building. Since it will support the building, there is no need to provide another complicated structure to support the building as in the past, so the work can be reduced and construction can be done easily and safely in a short period of time. .

  Also, after pushing the pile into the bottom of the bottom of the completed building with an indenter, the ground where this pile is located is removed to form an underground space, so the basement can be easily constructed in a small space at low cost Can do.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a building completed on the ground without a basement before the construction of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a process of pushing a pile into the underground ground of a completed building using the pushing machine according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a view showing a state in which a pillar formed by pushing a pile into an underground ground of a completed building using the pushing machine according to the present invention supports the completed building. FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a state in which the pile according to the present invention is pushed into the ground of the completed building. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a process of excavating the underground ground of the completed building in the state of FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state in which a space on the first basement floor is prepared by excavating the underground ground of the completed building in the state of FIG. 4. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a state in which concrete is placed inside the prepared first basement floor of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a process of excavating the lower ground on the first basement floor in FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state where a space on the second basement floor is prepared by excavating the lower ground on the first basement floor in FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a state in which concrete is placed inside the prepared second basement floor of FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a diagram sequentially illustrating a process of providing the pushing machine according to the present invention on the concrete on the bottom surface of the completed building. FIG. 12a is an exploded perspective view showing a state before the support according to the present invention is installed on the bottom surface of the completed building. FIG. 12 b is a partially extracted perspective view showing another embodiment of the stopper. FIG. 13: is the perspective view which showed the state by which the support body and pushing machine which concern on this invention were installed in the bottom face of a completed building. FIG. 14 is a photograph of the actual construction of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a flow chart of construction according to the present invention. FIG. 16 is a view showing an embodiment in which the pile is pushed in by attaching the pushing machine to the lower part of the bottom concrete of the completed building. FIG. 17 is a view showing a process of forming a support column by providing a pusher under the bottom concrete of a completed building while excavating according to the method of FIG. FIG. 18 is a view showing a state in which the bottom concrete of the first basement floor formed by the process of FIG. 17 is placed. FIG. 19 is a partial excerpt showing an embodiment in which a reinforcing part for supporting the pushing machine is added to the lower part of the bottom concrete of the completed building. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a state before a basement is constructed in a small completed building. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a strut formation state by a construction method in which a support and a pusher are provided at the edge of a completed building and a pile is pushed in to form a strut. FIG. 22 is a view showing a state in which the lower concrete of the bottom concrete after excavation in FIG. 21 is excavated and the concrete is placed. FIG. 23 is a partial excerpt perspective view showing a state where a support and a pusher are provided at the edge of the completed building of FIG.

  Hereinafter, the construction method of the basement of the completed building according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The present invention makes it possible to newly build or add a basement by a simple and safe method when the completed building does not have a basement, or when there is a basement, the basement is insufficient.

  The basement construction method is to excavate the lower ground of the completed building with multiple struts with unit piles pushed into the ground corresponding to the basement of the completed building to support the completed building. The basement of this basement is casted with concrete to create the first basement floor. After excavating the ground below the first basement floor, the bottom is cast with concrete and the second basement floor is constructed. A multi-layer basement can be constructed by the method of making.

  Here, the pillars of the constructed basement are pillars in which unit piles are connected in a row, and the basement can be constructed to the position where the pillars are pushed.

  The construction method of the basement of the completed building according to the present invention will be described more specifically as follows.

  The bottom concrete 2 at the bottom of the completed building 1 is penetrated through a plurality of holes 3 (shown in FIG. 12 a) and a slot 4 so as to communicate with the holes 3, and a support 5 is placed inside the slot 4. Inserting and fixing the stopper 5a protruding at the lower part of the support 5 so as not to move on the lower part of the slot 4 (S1), and providing the pusher 6 on the upper part of the support 5 (S2) ) And a hollow pile 7a (shown in FIG. 13 and the like) is inserted into each hole 3, and then the pile 7a is pushed into the basement using the pusher 6, and the pile 7a is pushed in each time the pile 7a is pushed in. After laminating other piles 7a on the top of each pile 7a, the step of pushing the piles 7a sequentially with the pusher 6 and pushing the columns 7 supporting the completed building 1 (S3); The support pushed into the basement If the completed building 1 is supported by the pillar 7, in order to secure the underground space 8, a step (S4) of excavating the lower ground of the bottom concrete of the building 1 and a step of excavating the lower ground of the concrete Placing the concrete 8 on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the secured underground space 8 (S5).

  Further, the present invention further includes a step of covering a finishing member (not shown) on the outer edge of the column 7 so that the appearance of the column 7 can be cleaned after the step of excavating the ground.

  The step (S1) of fixing the support 5 is a technique that has been filed and registered by the applicant of the present invention, and is shown in FIGS.

  That is, a plurality of holes 3 are penetrated so that the pile 7 a can be inserted into the loading element of the bottom concrete 2 at the bottom of the completed building 1, and a plurality of holes 3 are communicated with the holes 3 outside the hole 3. A slot is formed. The reason for forming the slot 4 in communication with the hole 3 in this way is that the support 5 is inserted into the hole 3 and then inserted into the slot 4 so that the stopper 5a formed at the lower portion of the support 5 is formed. This is because it can be attached to the bottom surface of the concrete 2. Therefore, a guide space 10 (shown in FIG. 11) communicating with the slot 4 is formed in the lower ground of the concrete 2 so that the stopper 5a can be accommodated.

  In FIG. 12a, four slots 4 into which the support 5 is inserted are shown, but can be adjusted as necessary. As shown in FIG. 12a, the slot 4 has a diameter of the stopper 5a so that the stopper 5a formed at the lower portion of the support 5 does not detach from the lower portion of the support 4 in the vertical direction. It is preferably smaller than the protruding dimension. Then, as shown in FIG. 12 b, the stopper 5 a can be formed integrally with the support 5 with concrete at the lower part of the support 5.

  As shown in FIG. 11, when the guide space 10 is formed, after the support body 5 is inserted into each slot 4, the support 5 is supported until the stopper 5 a protruding from the lower portion of the support body 5 comes into close contact with the lower portion of the concrete 2. After lifting the body 5, the mortar 11 is placed and cured in the slot 4 in this state, and the support body 5 is fixed to the slot 4.

  If the support body 5 is fixed to the concrete 2 as described above, the step (S2) of providing the pushing machine 6 that pushes the pile 7a into the upper portion of the support body 5 and provides the column 7 in the basement of the completed building 1 is performed. Done.

  The pusher 6 is a known technique, and in the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder is used. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the upper part of the support body 5, and the pile 7 a inserted into the hole 3 is pressed against the lower ground of the completed building 1 while the load is moved up and down by the supplied hydraulic pressure, and the column 7 is pushed in. .

  The step 3 of pushing the column 7 into the ground of the completed building 1 is performed by pushing the piles 7a into the holes 3 previously formed in the previous step. As the pile 7a used in the present invention, a shape applicable to the present invention including a hollow pipe shape or an H-beam shape can be used, and preferably a hollow pipe shape is used. Since the hollow pile 7a is vacant, it is light and easy to handle, and when pushed into the basement by the pusher 6, it is difficult to push the rock to the required depth. There is an advantage that it is possible to reach the required depth by inserting a machine and pushing it in the way of drilling rocks with this drilling machine.

  The step (S3) of pushing in the column will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

  First, as shown in FIG. 11 (f), after the pile 7a is inserted into the hole 3 previously formed in the concrete 2, when the pusher 6 is driven, the load is lowered and the pile 7a is pushed into the ground. Then, after the load is raised, the load of the pusher 6 is lowered again in a state where the new piles 7a are arranged in a row above the pile 7a previously pushed, and the new pile 7a is also grounded. To push into. By placing and placing new piles 7a sequentially in a row on top of the piles 7a pushed in this way, the columnar columns 7 can be erected on the lower ground of the completed building 1.

  In the process of providing the column 7, when the pusher 6 presses the pile 7a, the support 5 on which the pusher 6 is mounted will be pushed in the opposite direction of the push of the pile 7a as the pile 7a is pushed. However, the support body 5 is integrally molded and fixed to the concrete 2 by the mortar 11 cured in a state where the stopper 5a formed in the lower portion is locked to the lower end portion of the slot 4, so that the pushing machine 6 will not be pushed in the opposite direction of the pile 7a.

  In this process, the pusher 6 is preferably pushed until the upper part of the pile 7a to be pushed reaches the lower part of the hole 3 formed in the concrete 2. The reason is that a new pile 7a is arranged in a row above the pushed pile 7a, and when the pile 7a is pushed in, the upper portion of the pile 7a pushed first in the lower portion does not shake, This is to make the connecting portion of the pile 7a smooth.

  It is desirable to form a fitting portion (not shown) at the end portion of each pile 7a so that it can be smoothly fitted to the adjacent pile 7a.

  Here, the depth of the pillar 7 pushed into the ground should be inserted deeper than the underground space 8 in view of the pushed pillar 7 used as a pillar of the basement 12. Even if an additional load is applied, it is inserted until a hard formation where the tip is not further inserted. Whether or not the strut 7 reaches a hard formation can be seen by looking at the pressure of a hydraulic gauge provided in the pushing machine. If the pressure is high, the strut 7 reaches a hard ground, and if the pressure is low It can be seen that it is located on a soft ground.

  If the column 7 is erected in the basement of the building 1 completed by the method as described above, a step (S4) of excavating the lower ground of the completed building 1 is performed as the next step. It can be said that the step of excavating the lower ground is the core technique of the present invention.

  That is, when the pillar 7 is erected and safely supports the completed building 1, it gradually moves downward from the side of the building 1 as shown in FIG. 5 using heavy equipment necessary for excavation such as forcrane and bulldozer. As shown in FIG. 6, the underground space 8 is secured as much as necessary in the lower part of the completed building 1. In this way, the ground of the lower part of the completed building 1 is removed and it appears as if it was suspended in the air, but in reality, the piles 7a are connected in a row and pushed firmly by the plurality of columns 7 pushed in. It is supported by.

  It is desirable that the position and number of the columns 7 are determined by the structure of the completed building 1 and more specifically the size of the vertical load of the building 1. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, if any part of the building 1 is formed in a low layer and the vertical load is relatively light as shown in FIG. 4, the number of supporting columns 7 is small and the other part is formed in a high layer. If the vertical load is relatively heavy, the number of support columns 7 corresponding to the vertical load is large, and if the number of support columns 7 is large, the space between the support columns 7 is increased or the load capacity of one support column is further increased. You can also.

  And the step (S4) of excavating the ground is excavated to a depth at which the bottom surface of the column 7 pushed into the basement of the completed building 1 is not exposed, and the underground space 8 formed in the process is shown in FIG. Thus, the basement 12 is constructed by placing the concrete 9 at least once.

  As described above, when the underground space 8 is secured in the basement of the completed building 1, a step (S <b> 5) of placing concrete 9 in the underground space 8 is performed in order to make this location as the basement 12.

  If the concrete 9 is placed on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the secured underground space 8, the basement 12 is finally completed. However, since the horizontal surface is the bottom of the basement 12, it may be placed thicker than the vertical surface. preferable. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, when the basement 12 is formed again in the lower part of the horizontal plane to form the basement 12 in a plurality of layers, the horizontal plane of each layer is sufficient in consideration of the load corresponding to the purpose of use of the basement 12. Safety should be considered so that it is proof.

  FIG. 10 of the present invention shows that the basement 12 is configured in the form of the second basement floor. This is after excavating the ground of the completed building 1 to secure the basement space 8 on the first basement floor. The basement 12 of the first basement is secured by placing the horizontal and vertical planes of concrete with concrete 9, and when the curing of the concrete 9 is completed, the lower ground of the horizontal plane of the basement 12 of the first basement is excavated again. The underground space 8 of the second basement is secured, and concrete 9 is placed on the horizontal and vertical surfaces to complete the basement 12 on the second basement.

  Therefore, the basement 12 can be made on a plurality of floors according to the needs of the user by the construction method as described above.

  On the other hand, the present invention further includes a step of covering the outer edge of the column 7 with a finishing member so that the appearance of the column 7 can be cleaned after the step of excavating the ground (S4). Use things. In this way, the column 7 is blocked by the finishing material, and the inner wall is finished with concrete 9, so that the constructed basement 12 has a clean interior, as if it is a basement of a new building.

  As described above, the present invention is such that the outer edge of the column 7 pushed into the ground is in close contact with the ground, and the bottom is grounded so that the underground ground of the completed building 1 is suitable for the conditions under which the present invention can be constructed. Since it is supported, even in the case of a completed building 1 such as a large and heavy super-large building, the pushed-in column 7 can safely support and the basement 12 can be easily constructed in the lower part thereof.

  16 to 19 show a second embodiment of the basement construction method for a completed building according to the present invention.

  The construction method of the present embodiment is a method by which the basement 12 can be constructed without drilling the bottom concrete 2 inside the completed building 1.

  As shown in FIG. 16, the construction method according to the present embodiment excavates the lower ground on one side of the completed building 1, and then provides an indenter at the bottom of the exposed bottom concrete 2. The pile 7a is inserted into the ground at the installation point to form the column 7.

  After the column 7 is formed, the ground around the column 7 is excavated, and after the excavator 6 is provided in the same manner below the bottom concrete 2 exposed after the excavation, the pile 7a is inserted and installed. As shown in FIG. 17, the excavation area gradually increases in the lower part of the bottom concrete 2 of the completed building 1 and the number of the columns 7 to be formed is also increased. Will increase.

  When the underground space is provided by sufficiently excavating the lower ground of the completed building 1 by repeating the above-described process, the concrete 9 is cured on the bottom and side surfaces of the underground space as shown in FIG. make. And after forming another pillar for supporting the completed building 1 in the underground space with concrete, the pusher 6 and the pile 7a are removed, or the position where the pile 7a is constructed after removing the hydraulic jack It is also possible to cure concrete mortar and form pillars.

  FIG. 19 shows the lower part of the bottom concrete 2 when the bottom concrete 2 does not have sufficient supporting strength when the pushing machine 6 is provided directly on the lower part of the bottom concrete 2 of the completed building 1 by the construction method of this embodiment. It is the figure which showed embodiment which further expands the support plate 13. FIG.

  When the pile 7a is inserted into the ground through the pusher 6, a reaction force also acts on the bottom concrete 2 on which the pusher 6 is supported, but the strength or thickness of the bottom concrete 2 inserts the pile 7a. If the reaction force generated in step 1 cannot be sufficiently supported, a reinforcing plate is arranged as shown, and concrete mortar is poured and cured to form the support plate 13 that the pusher 6 can support. Of course, if the strength of the bottom concrete 2 is sufficient, the formation of the support plate 13 can be omitted.

  20 to 23 show a third embodiment of a construction method for a basement of a completed building according to the present invention.

  This embodiment is suitable for constructing a basement 12 in the lower part of a small-scale building 1 as shown in FIG.

  According to the construction method of this embodiment, first, as shown in FIG.21 and FIG.23, a hole and a slot are formed in the bottom concrete 2 of the outer edge of the completed building 1, and the support body 5 is fixed to a corresponding position. After that, the pusher 6 is provided.

The installation process of the support 5 and the mounting process of the pusher 6 are the same as those in the first embodiment described above.
Thus, after installing the support body 5 and the pushing machine 6 in the edge of the building 1 and inserting the pile 7a into the ground to form the support columns 7 that can support the hollow building 1, The ground below the bottom concrete 2 of the object 1 is excavated and the bottom and side surfaces are finished with concrete 9 to form a basement 12.

  Also in the case of this embodiment, when the bottom concrete 2 at the edge of the hollow building 1 does not have sufficient support strength to support the reaction force transmitted by the support 5 in the process of inserting the pile 7a. Further, the support strength can be increased by adding a support plate 13 above or below the bottom concrete 2.

  Unlike the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment of the present invention described above can be constructed without placing the bottom concrete 2 inside the completed building 1. Therefore, there is no need for another operation for drilling the inside of the building 1 for the insertion or finishing the drilled hole after the completion of construction.

3: Hole 4: Slot 5: Support 5a: Stopper 6: Pusher 7: Post 8: Underground space 9: Concrete
10: Information space 11: Mortar 12: Basement

Claims (7)

A plurality of holes are formed in the bottom concrete at the bottom of the completed building, a support is inserted so as to pass through the holes, and a stopper protruding at the bottom of the support is provided at the bottom of the completed building. A step to fix it to the bottom,
Providing a pusher on top of the support;
After inserting a pile into each hole, using the pusher, the pile is pushed into the basement, and each time the pile is pushed, another pile is stacked on top of each pushed pile. A step of sequentially pushing the pushing machine into the basement of the completed building and pushing a column supporting the building.
Excavating the bottom ground of the bottom concrete of the building to secure an underground space in a state where the completed building is supported by the struts pushed into the basement;
Placing the concrete on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the underground space secured by the step of excavating the lower ground of the concrete, and a method of constructing the basement of the completed building.   The step of fixing the support includes binding upper ends of a plurality of supports, and locking a stopper protruding from a lower portion of each support through the slot penetrating the hole to the concrete. 2. A construction method for a basement of a completed building according to claim 1, wherein a mortar is placed in the slot, and a support is fixed to a hole edge.   The step of excavating the lower ground of the concrete is excavating to a depth at which the bottom surface of the pillar pushed into the basement of the completed building is not exposed, and the concrete is placed at least once in the underground space formed in the process The basement construction method for a completed building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the basement is constructed. Excavating the bottom ground of the bottom concrete of the completed building, inserting a pile supporting the bottom of the bottom concrete into the ground, and providing a plurality of struts;
And a step of placing concrete on the bottom and side surfaces of the underground space secured by excavating the lower ground of the bottom concrete for installing the support column. The step of providing the plurality of struts is a method of installing a support plate at a lower portion of the bottom concrete exposed after first excavating a lower end of the bottom concrete of the completed building, and through a pusher supported by the support plate, After inserting the pile into the ground and constructing the column,
After excavating the ground around the installed struts, providing a support plate and an indenter under the exposed bottom concrete, a series of processes for forming the struts by inserting the pile are sequentially performed. The construction method of the basement of the completed building according to claim 4. Forming a plurality of supports spaced from each other at a predetermined interval on the edge of the completed building;
Providing a pusher on the support;
Inserting a pile into the lower ground of each support through the pusher to form a plurality of columns to support the completed building;
Excavating the lower ground of the completed building supported by the struts;
And a step of placing concrete on the bottom and side surfaces of the underground space secured by excavating the lower ground of the completed building. The step of forming the support body includes a step of excavating the ground of the lower edge of the completed building to a predetermined depth to form a mortar placement space;
Placing concrete in the mortar placement space to be connected to the lower part of the completed building to form a reaction force part;
A hole drilled up and down is formed in the reaction force portion formed by curing the concrete, a support body is inserted so as to penetrate the hole, and a stopper projecting at the lower part of the support body is provided. The method for constructing a basement of a completed building according to claim 6, further comprising the step of fixing the bottom of the building so as not to move.

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