JP2011528343A - 結晶化度を改善する方法 - Google Patents
結晶化度を改善する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011528343A JP2011528343A JP2011518014A JP2011518014A JP2011528343A JP 2011528343 A JP2011528343 A JP 2011528343A JP 2011518014 A JP2011518014 A JP 2011518014A JP 2011518014 A JP2011518014 A JP 2011518014A JP 2011528343 A JP2011528343 A JP 2011528343A
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Abstract
【選択図】 図5
Description
(i)溶媒中で、少なくとも1つの固体物質の溶液を形成する工程;
(ii)溶液を、急速沈殿、冷凍乾燥、凍結乾燥、超臨界溶液の急速膨張、噴霧乾燥又はこれらの混合からなる群より選択される方法に付し、溶解させた固体物質が実質的に乾燥固体物質に変換される工程;
(iii)任意に、固体物質を工程(ii)の方法の液体及び/又は気体成分から単離する工程;
(iv)工程(ii)又は工程(iii)の乾燥固体物質を非溶媒で処理する工程;
(v)工程(iv)の固体物質に、上記非溶媒と接触したときに超音波を適用する工程;及び
(vi)任意に、工程(v)で得られた固体物質を、分離及び/又は乾燥する工程
を含む方法が提供される。
(a)少なくとも1つの固体物質を、機械的微粉化、粉砕、噴射粉砕、摩砕又はこれらの混合に付す工程;
(b)工程(a)で得られた固体物質を非溶媒で処理する工程;
(c)工程(b)で得られた固体物質に、非溶媒と接触したときに超音波を適用する工程;及び
(d)任意に、工程(c)で得られた固体物質を、分離及び/又は乾燥する工程
を含む方法が提供される。
本発明の粒子は、図21において非常に明瞭に示されるように、表面エネルギーの等エネルギー分布を有することによって特徴付けられる。この表面エネルギーは、本発明の好ましい方法により調製される粒子の有限及び無限希釈の両方において、極めて類似し、ほぼ同一であり、一方、典型的な微粉化粒子は、有限及び無限希釈において顕著な差を示す。
ブデソニド(5g)を100mLのジクロロメタンに溶解した。超音波チャンバーで収集したブデソニド粉末のサンプルは、Buchi-290実験室規模噴霧乾燥器(Buchi, Switzerland)を使用して生成した。溶液を、およそ10Lpm(リットル/分)で流れる窒素を7barで使用して噴霧した。吸引器を100%に設定し、溶液の流速を10Lpmに設定した。ガス温度を120℃に設定した。ブデソニド粒子を、高速サイクロン分離器の末端に連結されている超音波チャンバーで収集した。超音波を噴霧乾燥粒子に適用するために、超音波収集チャンバーを、25℃に温度調節したヘプタンで充填し、20kHzで共振する超音波プローブを取り付けた。20Wの出力の超音波を30分〜1時間適用した。得られた粒子スラリーを噴霧乾燥し、粒子を、光学顕微鏡及びDSC(示差走査熱量測定)により特徴決定した。粒子の大きさは、典型的には、1〜7μmの範囲であった。
DSC実験は、DSC Q2000 V24.2ビルド107(TA Instruments, UK)により実施した。およそ3mgの物質をDSCのサンプルパンで計量し、275℃まで熱付加する100℃/分の加熱傾斜に付した。DSC測定を、以下の工程に従って実施した。
→稼働9(本発明の超音波により処理していない噴霧乾燥物質)
→機器 DSC Q2000 V24.2ビルド107
→モジュール DSC標準セルRC
→サンプル 噴霧乾燥したpxO2−262
→大きさ 2.140mg
→方法 100℃/分の高速加熱実験 計量サンプルを100℃/分の速度で275℃まで加熱する
→稼働10(本発明の方法に従って超音波で処理した物質)
→機器 DSC Q2000 V24.2ビルド107
→モジュール DSC標準セルRC
→サンプル 超音波後のpx02−262
→大きさ 3.590mg
→方法 100℃/分の高速加熱実験 計量サンプルを100℃/分の速度で275℃まで加熱する
実施例2は、本発明により生成された粒子の利点を示す。
サンプル2 図9のSEMに示されているように、本発明により例示されるエアロゾル化方法により調製。フルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステル(4g)を100mLのアセトンに溶解した。超音波チャンバーで収集したフルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステル粉末のサンプルは、Buechi-290実験室規模噴霧乾燥機(Buechi, Switzerland)を使用して生成した。溶液を、窒素をおよそ10Lpm(リットル/分)で流れる窒素を7barで使用して噴霧した。吸引器を100%の流速に設定し、溶液の流速を10Lpmに設定した。ガス温度を120℃に設定した。フルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステルを、高速サイクロン分離器の末端に連結されている超音波チャンバーで収集した。超音波を噴霧乾燥粒子に適用するために、超音波収集チャンバーを、25℃に温度調節したヘプタンで充填し、20kHzで共振する複数の結合変換器(図7と同じ)を取り付けた。20Wの出力の超音波を30分〜1時間適用した。得られた粒子スラリーを噴霧乾燥し、粒子を、光学顕微鏡及びDSC(示差走査熱量測定)により特徴決定した。粒子の大きさは、典型的には、1〜6μmの範囲であった。D(10)、D(50)、D(90)は、Sympatec HELOSレーザー回折により決定して、1.35、3.25、5.63μmであった。
サンプル3 図10のSEMに示されているように、本発明により例示されるエアロゾル化方法により調製。サンプル3は、3gのFPをサンプル3のために使用した以外は、サンプル2と同じ方法により調製した。D(10)、D(50)、D(90)は、Sympatec HELOSレーザー回折により決定して、0.99、2.55、4.97μmであった。
サンプル4 図11のSEMに示されているように、代替的な沈殿手法により調製。サンプル4は、WO2008/114052A1に記載されたとおりに調製した。この方法は、初期溶液噴霧を使用しない。代わりに、この従来技術は、アセトン中のフルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステルの溶液を超音波音場の存在下でヘプタン抗溶媒に加えることにより生じる、分散性抗溶媒結晶化を伴う。このことは、本発明の方法を使用して形成される粒子よりも有意に平滑な粒子をもたらす。D(10)、D(50)、D(90)は、Sympatec HELOSレーザー回折により決定して、1.14、2.67、5.11μmであった。
実施例3は、pMDIの製剤のために本発明により生成された粒子の利点を示す。図25は、NGIの多様な段階における粒子画分分布グラフであり、サンプル1及びサンプル5のFPFに関して優れた性能を明確に示している。両方のサンプルは、実施例2のサンプル2と同様の方法により生成した。サインプル1は、メタノール中20%ジクロロメタン中のフルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステルの3%溶液(100ml中3g)の噴霧により調製し、サンプル5は、アセトン中3%の溶液(100ml中3g)の噴霧により調製した。図25に示されているように、両方のサンプルの段階5(カットオフ1.36μm)のNGIのFPFは、段階4(カットオフ2.30μm)の同様のFPFと共に、粉砕物質と比較して、100%を超える増加を示した。FPF値は、段階5のサンプル5及び1では、粉砕物質の6.20%と比較して、それぞれ11.80%及び13.80%であった。したがって、サンプル1及び5は、段階4では粉砕生成物と同様のFPFを有し、段階5では粉砕生成物よりも大きなFPFを有することが明らかである。
実施例2に記載されたように生成されたフルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステル(FP)のサンプル2、3及び4のエアロゾル化効率を、Rotahaler(登録商標)単位用量DPI装置(GSK, Ware, UK)及びCyclohaler(登録商標)単位用量DPI装置(TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Netherlands)を使用して、微粉化サルメテロールキシナホ酸塩(SX)を含有する複合乾燥粉末剤吸入器(DPI)製剤で評価した。
微粉化フルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステル(FP)、並びに、本発明の方法により(サンプル2及び3)及び実施例1に記されるようにWO2008/114052A1に例示されている異なる方法により(サンプル4)操作されたFPのバッチの、凝集−接着平衡(CAB)を、FP及びラクトース一水和物の結晶質基材に対して決定した。結晶質基材に対する異なるバッチのCAB力平衡は、以下のようにして決定した:
プローブ調製:
FPの全てのバッチの粒子(n=3)を、エポキシ樹脂接着剤(Araldite, Cambridge, UK)を使用して、標準V字形チップレスカンチレバー(DNP-020, Dl, CA, USA)に結合した。
平滑ラクトース及び薬剤結晶の生成:
ラクトースの平滑結晶は、カバースリップで挟んだ加熱飽和液滴を冷却することにより生成した。平滑薬剤結晶は、活性物質をアセトンに溶解し、使用した抗溶媒が水である、静止液滴抗溶媒結晶化を使用して生成した。
AFM力測定:
個別の力曲線(n=1024)を、4Hzの走査速度及び40nNの圧縮荷重により10μm×10μm領域において実施した。環境条件は、20℃(±1.5℃)の一定温度及び45±3%の相対湿度を維持した。
実施例2に記載されたように生成されたフルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステル(FP)のサンプル3のエアロゾル化効率を、Rotahaler(登録商標)単位用量DPI装置(GSK, Ware, UK)及びCyclohaler(登録商標)単位用量DPI装置(TEVA Pharmaceuticals, Netherlands)を使用して、微粉化サルメテロールキシナホ酸塩(SX)を含有する複合乾燥粉末剤吸入器(DPI)製剤で評価した。
微粉化フルチカゾンプロピオン酸エステル(FP)、本発明により調製されるFPのサンプル3及び実施例2に記載されたFPのサンプル4の表面粗さ及び表面積は、原子間力顕微鏡法(AFM)及びBET表面積分析をそれぞれ使用して決定した。画像化領域の粗さは、画像化表面の高さにおける差の平均(Ra)及び二乗平均平方根(Rq)を使用して定量化した。更に、サンプルの表面積は、5ポイントBET窒素吸着分析により決定した。
次にメタノール(200mL)中のフェノテロール臭化水素酸塩(10g)の溶液を調製し、二流体ノズル及び0.7mmオリフィスを使用し、支援窒素流速が35〜40m3/時間(吸引器100%)のBuchi-B290を用いて、流速9mU/分(30%ポンプ)及びノズルクリーン設定2で噴霧乾燥した。入口温度は78℃であり、出口温度は38℃である。ジイソプロピルエーテル(300mL)を、底がB-290サイクロンに連結しており、5℃に温度調節された最大容量500mLの撹拌超音波容器に投入した。噴霧乾燥生成物を、40Wの連続出力で2時間稼働している超音波容器の中に収集し、続いて非晶質フェノテロール臭化水素酸塩の第1粒子を加えた。上記のBuchi-B290を用いて、入口温度110℃及び出口温度50℃で懸濁液を噴霧乾燥することによって、粒子を回収した。この実施例のデータ及び粒子のSEM画像を、図17〜20に示す。
Claims (41)
- 100%未満の結晶度である少なくとも1つの固体物質の結晶化度を増加させる方法であって、前記固体物質を、固体物質が不溶性であるか又は難溶性である溶媒(非溶媒)と接触させる工程と、前記固体物質に、前記非溶媒と接触したときに超音波を適用する工程とを含む方法。
- 前記固体物質が、約10μmまで、好ましくは5μmまでの平均中央空気力学的直径を有する粒状固体物質である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記固体物質が、機械的微粉化、粉砕、噴射粉砕、摩砕、急速沈殿、冷凍乾燥、凍結乾燥、超臨界溶液の急速膨張、噴霧乾燥又はこれらの混合からなる群より選択される方法により、好ましくは噴霧乾燥により得られる、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 上記の方法を適用する前の、前記固体物質の結晶度が50%未満である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が0.1ミリ秒より長い時間実施される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 本発明に使用される前記固体物質が、5重量%未満の溶媒を含有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体物質が、活性製薬学的成分、活性農芸化学的成分、製薬学的賦形剤、農芸化学的賦形剤及びこれらの2つ以上の適切な混合物からなる群より選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- (i)溶媒中で、少なくとも1つの固体物質の溶液を形成する工程;
(ii)前記溶液を、急速沈殿、冷凍乾燥、凍結乾燥、超臨界溶液の急速膨張、噴霧乾燥又はこれらの混合からなる群より選択される方法に付し、溶解させた前記固体物質が実質的に乾燥固体物質に変換される工程;
(iii)任意に、前記固体物質を工程(ii)の方法の液体及び/又は気体成分から単離する工程;
(iv)工程(ii)又は工程(iii)の前記乾燥固体物質を、前記乾燥固体物質の非溶媒で処理する工程;
(v)工程(iv)の前記固体物質に、前記非溶媒と接触したときに超音波を適用する工程;及び
(vi)任意に、工程(v)で得られた前記固体物質を、分離及び/又は乾燥する工程
を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 方法が順次であり、工程(iv)及び(v)が工程(ii)の直後に実施される、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- (a)少なくとも1つの固体物質を、機械的微粉化、粉砕、噴射粉砕、摩砕又はこれらの混合に付す工程;
(b)工程(a)で得られた前記固体物質を、前記固体物質の非溶媒で処理する工程;
(c)工程(b)で得られた前記固体物質に、前記非溶媒と接触したときに超音波を適用する工程;及び
(d)任意に、工程(c)で得られた前記固体物質を、分離及び/又は乾燥する工程
を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 本発明の方法に使用される超音波の周波数が、好ましくは10〜100kHzの範囲である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体物質が、抗アレルギー薬、気管支拡張薬、抗炎症性ステロイド及びこれらの混合物からなる群より選択される製薬学的に活性な成分である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記非溶媒が、1つの以上の添加剤を0.01%w/w〜10%w/wの量で含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体物質が、吸入製剤における使用に適した製薬学的に活性な成分、好ましくはブデソニド、サルブタモール、ホルモテロール又はこれらの2つ以上の混合物である、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体物質が、少なくとも1つの製薬学的に活性な成分又はその前駆体、及び、担体基材を含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 周囲及び長手軸方向の両方に延びている列のかたちで、容器の壁に取り付けられている複数の超音波変換器を使用して、超音波が前記容器内の前記過飽和溶液に提供される方法であって、前記変換器が3W/cm2以下で照射するように各変換器が単一の発生器に連結されており、前記変換器が互いに十分に近接しており、かつ、前記変換器の数が、前記容器内の電力損失が25〜150W/リットルであるように十分に多い、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 製薬学的な又は農芸化学的な化合物を含み、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得られる粒子。
- 前記粒子が、10μm未満、好ましくは0.05〜5μm、より好ましくは0.05〜2μmの平均中央空気力学的直径(MMAD)を有する、請求項17に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子が、ナノメートル規模の表面波形を有し、好ましくはRqの値が10〜100nmである、請求項17又は18に記載の粒子。
- 最大直径と最小直径との平均比が1.3〜1:1である、請求項17〜19のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子の表面積が6〜22m2/gである、請求項17〜20のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子を含む、医薬組成物又は農芸化学的組成物。
- 好ましくはラクトース、グルコース及びこれらの水和物から選択される、担体粒子を更に含む、請求項21に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記粒子と前記担体粒子との凝集−接着平衡比が0.8〜1.3である、請求項23に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、カルモテロール、並びに、その生理学的に許容される塩及び溶媒和物である、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 好ましくは、コルチコステロイドが、ブデソニド、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、シクレソニド又はモメタゾンである時に、前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、カルモテロール並びにその生理学的に許容される塩及び溶媒和物と、前記コルチコステロイドとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21及び25のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、グリコピロニウム臭化物である、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、フェノテロールである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 好ましくは、コルチコステロイドが、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、シクレソニド又はモメタゾンである時に、前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、ホルモテロールと前記コルチコステロイドとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、インダカテロールとモメタゾンとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、グリコピロニウム臭化物とインダカテロールとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、チオトロピウム臭化物とホルモテロールとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、ベクロメタゾンとサルメテロールとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、イプラトロピウム臭化物とアルブテロールとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、イプラトロピウム、好ましくはイプラトロピウム臭化物である、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、ダロトロピウム又はアクリジニウムである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、フェノテロールとイプラトロピウムとの組み合わせである、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22〜24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記製薬学的に活性な成分が、クロモグリク酸塩(例えば、そのナトリウム塩)、サルブタモール(例えば、その遊離塩基若しくはその硫酸塩)、サルメテロール(例えば、そのキシナホ酸塩)、チオトロピウム(例えば、その臭化物塩)、テオフィリン、テルブタリン(例えば、その硫酸塩)、レプロテロール(例えば、その塩酸塩)、ジプロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン(例えば、その一水和物)、(−)−4−アミノ−3,5−ジクロロ−α−[[[6−[2−(2−ピリジニル)エトキシ]ヘキシル]アミノ]−メチル]ベンゼンメタノール、並びにその生理学的に許容される塩及び溶媒和物、又はこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項17〜21のいずれか1項に記載の粒子、又は、請求項22又は24のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項22〜38のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を含有する乾燥粉末吸入器。
- 請求項22〜38のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を含有する加圧式定量噴霧吸入器(pMDI)。
- 請求項22〜38のいずれか1項に記載の医薬組成物を含有する呼吸作動式鼻吸入器。
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