JP2011513257A - アルツハイマー病の治療用医薬品の調製のためのs−アデノシルメチオニン(sam)およびスーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(sod)の使用 - Google Patents
アルツハイマー病の治療用医薬品の調製のためのs−アデノシルメチオニン(sam)およびスーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(sod)の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
アルツハイマー病(AD)は、男性と女性との比が1:2で70歳を超える世界の人口の高い割合を冒す、非常に広範な神経変性形態の認知症である。より一般的な非遺伝性の形態が70〜75歳あたりで始まり、より高い生活水準と医学および薬学の進歩があいまって期待寿命が増加しているので、ADの発生率は常に増加している。この疾患は、第14、19および21染色体のいくつかの遺伝子座における突然変異を伴う、遺伝により伝達される形態としても存在する(ダウン症候群に罹患している者に特有)。ADの家族性の形態の早期の発症は50歳あたりで起こり、脳の変性を引き起こし、その後2〜3年で死亡する。この疾患の晩発形態も、10年以上の期間であるが脳の変性および死亡をもたらす。
Fuso A.、Nicolia V.、Cavallaro R.A.、Ricceri L.、D'Anselmi F.、Coluccia P.、Calamandrei G.およびScarpa S. 2008. B-Vitamin Deprivation Induces Hyperhomocysteinemia and Brain S-adenosylhomocsyteine, Depletes Brain S-adenosylmethionine, and Enhances PS1 and BACE Expression and Amyloid-β Deposition in Mice. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 37: 731〜746。
Fuso A.、Cavallaro R.A.、Zampelli A.、D'Anselmi F.、Piscopo P.、Confaloni A.およびScarpa S. 2007. γ-secretase is differentially modulated by alterations of Homocysteine cycle in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells. J. Alz. Dis. 11: 275〜290。
Cavallaro R.A.、Fuso A.、D'Anselmi F.およびScarpa S. 2006. The effect of S-adenosylmethyonine on CNS gene expression studied by cDNA mycroarrays analysis. J. Alz. Disease. 9: 415〜419。
Scarpa S.、Cavallaro R.A.、D'Anselmi F.およびFuso A. 2006. Gene silencing through methylation: an epigenetic intervention on Alzheimer Disease. J. Alz. Disease. 9: 407〜414。
Fuso A.、Seminara L.、Cavallaro R.A.、D'Anselmi F.およびScarpa S. 2004. Homocysteine/S-adenosylmethionine Cycle Alterations Unbalance DNA Methylation Status with Consequent Up-regulation of Beta-amyloid Production. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 28(1):195〜204。
Scarpa S.、Fuso A.、D'Anselmi F.、Cavallaro R.A. 2003. Presenilin 1 gene silencing by S-adenosylmethionine: a treatment for Alzheimer disease? FEBS Letters 541 (1〜3):145〜148。
Fuso A.、Cavallaro R. A.、Orru L.、Buttarelli F.R.およびScarpa S. 2001. Gene silencing by S-adenosylmethionine in muscle differentiation. FEBS Letters 508 (3): 337〜340。
S−アデノシルメチオニンの活性が、これをスーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(SOD)と組み合わせて投与した場合に、驚くべきことに改善できることが、今回、見出された。この酵素は、血液脳関門を通るS−アデノシルメチオニンの通過を促進できることが示されているだけでなく、ビタミンB不足の結果として過剰発現されたPS1およびBACE遺伝子の発現の低減においてSAMと相乗的に相互作用する。
図面の説明
図1aおよび1bは、ビタミンB欠乏食餌により誘導されるPS1およびBACEの過剰発現に対するマウスにおけるSAMおよびSODの影響を示す。
例1−遺伝子発現
特に、SAMの影響を、薬理学的濃度(400μg/日)にて、TgCRND8マウスおよび対応する野生型の対照に対して試験した。
遺伝子発現チャネル
RNAを、細胞培養物およびホモジナイズした脳から抽出し、cDNAを合成した。0.5μgのトータルcDNAを、SYBR−Green試薬を用いるOpticon2 DNA Engine(MJ Research)でのそれぞれのリアルタイム反応のために用いた。それぞれのプライマー対についての増幅効率は、線形標準曲線の増幅により予め決定した。実験試料を、特定の遺伝子の標準曲線と比較して、標準反応に存在する特定のcDNAの量を決定した。標準物質は、陽性対照により増幅した高度に精製されたPCR産物から得た。トータルcDNAレベルを、β−アクチン対照(ハウスキーピング遺伝子)に対して標準化した。
例2−SAM取り込み
細胞およびマウスで実験を行って、SAMが脳血液関門を通過することを示した。
例3−神経芽腫細胞系統におけるアミロイド産生
方法:培地および細胞培養
神経芽腫SK−N−BEヒト細胞系統を、10% FCSを含むF14培地で維持し、完全分化培地(対照培地、1% FCSと10μMレチノイン酸を含む)または葉酸、ビタミンB12およびビタミンB6を欠く分化培地(B不足)に移行した。培養物に、2日ごとに再供給し、96の後に停止した。
動物および食餌
およそ3週齢でマウスを対照食餌群または不足食餌群のいずれかに系統的に割り当て、食物および水を自由に与えた。対照(AIN−93M;食餌A:葉酸mg 1.98;ビタミンB12 mg 0.025;ビタミンB6 mg 7)および実験食餌(AIN−93M B;食餌B、葉酸、ビタミンB12およびビタミンB6不足)を、Mucedola(Italy)から購入した。これらの食餌はともに、腸細菌による葉酸形成を阻害し、葉酸の唯一の供給源が食餌であることを確実にするために、1%スルファチアゾールを含有した。さらに、動物のその他の3群には、SAM(800μg/日)またはSOD(10U/日)または両方の薬物の組み合わせ(SAM 400μg/日およびSOD 5U/日)を与えた。処置1週間後に、マウスに麻酔をかけ、屠殺して脳および血液を得た。血液を心臓穿刺により、EDTA 2g/dlを含有する試験管に回収し、直ちに遠心分離して血漿と赤血球を分離し、−80℃にて貯蔵した。脳はPBSで潅流して取り出した。
アミロイド分析
ホモジナイズした脳を50mM TRIS−HCl pH7.4、150mM NaCl、0.2% Nonidet P−40、1% CHAPS、2mM EDTA、PMSF(200μM)、ロイペプチン(1μM)、ペプスタチンA(1μM)およびカルパイン阻害剤I(5μM)を用いて溶解した。タンパク質抽出物を、Aβ1−42イムノアッセイキット(BioSource International、Belgium)を用いるELISA試験のために用いた;ELISAキットは、10pg/mL(1−42)までの良好な線形感度を保証する。全ての実験は、3重で行った。
統計解析
一元配置ANOVAを算定し、ボンフェローニポスト検定を用いて、報告される任意の有意な(p<0.05)差を評価した。
結果
図4に報告するデータから、SAMとSODとの相乗効果が明らかに示され、図4を常に参照しつつ以下に報告する統計解析により確認された。
B def.対Ctrl:p<0.001
B def.+SAMおよびB def.+SOD対B def.:p<0.001
B def.+SAM+SOD対B def.:p<0.001
B def.+SAM+SOD対B def.+SAMおよびB def.+SOD:p<0.001
Claims (5)
- アルツハイマー病の治療用医薬品の調製のための、スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ(SOD)と組み合わせたS−アデノシルメチオニン(SAM)の使用。
- 前記医薬品がPS1およびBACEの過剰発現を阻害する、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬品が経口投与される、請求項1または2に記載の使用。
- アルツハイマー病の治療で同時に、別々にまたは順次投与するための組み合わせ調製物の形態で、単独の有効成分として(i)S−アデノシルメチオニンまたはその誘導体、および(ii)スーパーオキシドジスムターゼを含有する製品。
- SAMが、トシレート、ブタンジスルホネート、ジサルフェートトシレート、ジサルフェートジトシレートまたはジサルフェートモノトシレートの形態をとるか、またはSAMに富むサッカロミセス・セレビシエ細胞中に含有されている、請求項4に記載の製品。
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EP08425123A EP2095828A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2008-02-29 | Use of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment of Alzeimer's disease |
PCT/EP2009/001323 WO2009106302A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-25 | Use of s-adenosylmethionine (sam) and superoxide dismutase (sod) for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment of alzheimer's disease |
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