JP2011507544A - 勃起不全を処置するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
勃起不全を処置するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、Department of Industrial Property of Chileと共に、2007年12月31日に提出された出願番号3884/2007に対する優先権を主張する。
本発明は、チリのクモであるクロゴケグモ(Latrodectus mactans)から最初に得られた治療的に活性のあるポリペプチド、その精製法、および勃起不全(ED)の処置における使用に関するものである。
勃起不全(ED)では、性交の際に勃起を起こすことおよび維持することができない。この状態は、患者の勃起反応を変化させる心因性または器質性原因で生じる場合がある。度合いのばらつきが、勃起不全およびその集団における発生を定義することを難しくする。用いられる定義に応じて、世界中で罹患男性の見積もりは1500万人〜3000万人まで変化する。1985年のNational Ambulatory Medical Care Survey(NAMCS)によれば、医師の診察を受けた米国における男性の1000人に約8人が勃起不全について相談した。1999年では、おそらく処置が発表され始めて勃起不全について話すことがより受け入れられるようになったことから、その数はほぼ3倍(男性1000人あたり約22人)となった。最もよく知られている処置は、経口薬であるクエン酸シルデナフィル(Viagra(登録商標))である(たとえば、米国特許第6,204,383号(特許文献1)を参照されたい)。NAMCSデータは、1999年に診察の際にViagra(登録商標)が約260万回言及されたこと、その診察の3分の1がEDとは無関係な診断的理由のためであったことを示している。
本発明は、特に勃起不全を処置するために用いることができる組成物および方法を特徴とする。組成物には、クロゴケグモであるラトロデクタス・マクタンスの毒から単離されたポリペプチド、およびその生物活性断片または他の変種が含まれる。このように、本発明のポリペプチドは、たとえばラトロトキシン前駆体タンパク質、成熟ラトロトキシン、ラトロトキシン関連タンパク質、またはその生物活性断片、他の変種、もしくは相同体であってもよい、ラトロトキシン(たとえば、α-ラトロトキシン)に由来しうる。ラトロトキシン前駆体タンパク質には、成熟ラトロトキシン配列が含まれ、本発明のポリペプチドの1つまたは複数は、成熟ラトロトキシン(たとえば、α-ラトロトキシン)配列内に部分的または完全に存在してもよい。本発明に包含される生物活性断片および他のポリペプチド変種は、一定の限定的程度まで、天然に存在するラトロトキシンまたは参照配列(たとえば、SEQ ID NO:1)とは異なる配列を有するが、機能する能力を保持する(たとえば、本明細書において記述される目的の1つまたは複数のために用いられる十分な活性を保持する)と考えられる。
と少なくとも80%同一であるポリペプチドが含まれる。いくつかの態様において、本発明のポリペプチドは具体的には、α-ラトロトキシン関連タンパク質2(Genbank番号AAY33774;GI63109347)としても知られ、かつアミノ酸配列:
(SEQ ID NO:2;本明細書において近接配列はアミノ酸10個のブロックで示される)を有するSEQ ID NO:2によって表される配列からなるポリペプチド、または該SEQ ID NO:2によって表される配列を含むポリペプチドを除外する。
a)勃起不全を経験しているかまたは経験する可能性がある被験者を同定する段階;および
b)ラトロトキシンポリペプチドまたはラトロトキシンポリペプチドの生物活性変種(たとえば、SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む実質的に純粋なポリペプチド)が含まれる組成物を被験者に提供する段階
が含まれうる。
本発明は、チリのクモであるクロゴケグモから単離されたポリペプチドの本発明者らの発見に部分的に基づいている。該ポリペプチドおよびその生物活性断片および他の変種は、勃起不全などの状態の処置において有用である。以下に記述される実験において「f40/7481」として明示される該ポリペプチドは、分子量約7.5 kDa、内部ジスルフィド結合3個を形成する可能性があるシステイン残基6個、およびアミノ酸配列:
(SEQ ID NO:1;本明細書において近接配列をアミノ酸10個のブロックで示す)を有する。
いくつかの毒または毒素が勃起を誘発しうることは、当技術分野において公知である。たとえば、サソリのタイタス・セルラツス(Tytus serrulatus)(Teixeira et al., 2003)から単離されたアルファトキシン(分子量7,427 Da)は、ウサギの海綿体に対するNOの放出に関与するようであり、陰茎の弛緩および勃起を誘導する。加えて、ラトロデクタス・マクタンス・トレデシムグッタタス(Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus)(Grasso A., 1976;Krasnoperov VG. et al., 1990;Kovalevskaia Gl. et al., 1990, WO9529235)から、脊椎動物に対して特異的な高分子量α-ラトロトキシン(α-LTX)の3つの画分(Knipper M. et al., 1986;同様にMeldolesi J. et al., 1983;Magazanik LG. et al., 1992(昆虫)、Henkel et al., 1999;Ichtchenko et al., 1998, Krasnoperov et al., 1999;Dulubova et al., 1996も参照されたい);昆虫に対して特異的なα-205昆虫毒素(α-LIT)(Kiyatkin, N. et al., 1993)および甲殻類に対して特異的なα-125ラトロクルストトキシン(α-LCTX)(Krasnoperov VG. et al., 1990)が、同定され、シークエンシングされて、クローニングされた。哺乳動物組織に対して特異的活性を有する毒素がクモ試料から単離されている(Rach et al. 2002)。
「核酸」および「ポリヌクレオチド」という用語は、cDNA、ゲノムDNA、合成DNAおよび核酸類似体を含有するDNA(またはRNA)が含まれるRNAまたはDNAのいずれかを指すために互換的に用いられる。ポリヌクレオチドは、任意の三次元構造を有しうる。核酸は二本鎖または一本鎖(すなわち、センス鎖またはアンチセンス鎖)でありうる。ポリヌクレオチドの非制限的な例には、遺伝子、遺伝子断片、エキソン、イントロン、メッセンジャーRNA(mRNA)およびその一部、トランスファーRNA、リボソームRNA、siRNA、マイクロ-RNA、リボザイム、cDNA、組換え型ポリヌクレオチド、分枝ポリヌクレオチド、プラスミド、ベクター、任意の配列の単離されたDNA、任意の配列の単離されたRNA、核酸プローブ、およびプライマーのみならず、核酸類似体が含まれる。本発明の状況において、核酸はf40/7481ポリペプチドの断片をコードしうる。
本明細書において開示されるポリペプチドは一般的には、有害事象が過剰な平滑筋収縮によって引き起こされる状態の予防および処置において有用である。これらには、胃の運動性が高すぎる状態;過活動膀胱または骨盤床機能障害などの泌尿器科学的または婦人科学的状態;および勃起不全が含まれる。「予防」は、症状が問題となる前に状態の症状が改善されることを意味する。このように、予防的処置は、状態の症状の発症を遅らせてもよく、またはその後発症した症状の重症度を弱めてもよい。「処置」または「処置する」は、より通常、症状が顕著なまたは問題となった後に介入が起こることを示すために適用される。本明細書において用いられるように、「治療」は、状態の症状の消失、またはその発症後の状態の症状の頻度もしくは重症度の減少を意味しうる。
本発明のポリペプチドは、単剤療法としてまたは他の物質(たとえば、他のEDの処置)と共に、薬学的組成物において投与した場合に有用である。本発明者らは、PDE5阻害剤であるクエン酸シルデナフィル(Viagra(登録商標))に対する本発明のポリペプチドの相乗効果を見いだした。したがって、本発明の組成物には、PDE5阻害剤が含まれ得て、本発明の組成物によって相乗効果が得られる場合がある。すなわち、2つの物質を併用すると、単剤療法として与えられたいずれかの物質の1回用量によって達成された効果に等しいまたはそれより大きい治療効果、および/または単剤療法として与えられた単一の物質によって達成されるであろう効果より大きい治療効果が1つまたは複数の物質のより低用量で得られる可能性がある。
f40/7481ポリペプチドを、チリのクロゴケグモ種の雌性成体クモから得られた生毒から精製した。毒腺における毒素濃度を増加させるためにクモを20日間絶食させた後、低温環境(-20℃)に曝露した後採収した。鋏角(すなわち、毒腺を含有する口の部分)を鉗子で採取して、生理食塩液(PBS)(PBS:0.1 mM NaH2PO4、0.01 mM NaHPO4、1.35 mM NaCl、pH 7.4)を含有するエッペンドルフチューブに移して、温度-4℃で維持した。各組の腺は毒約2μlを含有した。試料を-80℃で保存した。粗抽出物を超音波撹拌によって得て、破片を-20℃で2000 rpmでの遠心分離によって除去した。この方法は、クモから生毒の粗抽出物を得る方法を例示するが、それらは本発明の範囲内である。
インビトロでポリペプチドの海綿体収縮活性に及ぼす効果を、Wistar成体雄性ラットから採収した海綿体組織において分析した。組織を単離臓器チャンバーの中で、下記の条件下で垂直に配置した。1.5〜2ヶ月齢で体重250〜350 gの成体雄性Wistarラットを断頭によって屠殺して、陰茎を基部から摘出して、単離された組織約2 cmを得た。陰茎組織をZeiss STEMI DV4立体顕微鏡拡大鏡下で解剖した。海綿体および海綿様体を保護する陰茎海綿体白膜をゆっくりと除去した。海綿体を中心位置から除去して等しい長さおよび直径の2つの断片を得て、次にこれを適切に酸素添加したタイロード液(95%O2と5%CO2の混合物)に37℃でpH 7.4で移した。タイロード溶液の組成を表1に示す。
f40/7841が平滑筋弛緩を誘導する能力を、平滑筋収縮を誘導するα-アドレナリン作動受容体の薬理学的アゴニストである50μMフェニレフリンの存在下で実施例2において記述される海綿体アッセイにおいてアッセイした。図7において示されるように、海綿体のフェニレフリンによる処置によって、1相性の収縮反応が起こり、その後、最初の20分間の間に徐々に維持された強直性反応が起こり、これは後の時点でわずかに減損した(○)。クロゴケグモ毒の総抽出物を、フェニレフリン(50μM)の存在下でチャンバーにおいて2μg/mlで添加すると、収縮力は添加後40分で約10%減少した。グラフは56回の測定結果を示す。
50μMフェニレフリンによって収縮させた海綿体断片の反応の典型的なアナログ記録を図9に示す。組織断片を実施例2において記述されるように収集して臓器チャンバーに入れて1時間安定化させた。pH 7.4の生理的環境で適用された開始張力0.5 gならびに95%O2および5%CO2のガス混合物によって、基礎の軌跡を1時間後に得た。フェニレフリンを最終濃度50μMで添加後、急速な相性の収縮が起こり、この後に強直性成分が起こり、これは一定時間維持された。機器の較正は0.5 gであった。
f40/7841弛緩活性における酸化窒素の役割を、酸化窒素シンターゼ阻害剤N-ニトロ-L-アルギニンメチルエステル(L-NAME)によって海綿体試料を処置することによって調べた。海綿体断片の収縮を、実施例4におけるようにフェニレフリンによって10分間誘導した後、L-NAMEを最終濃度10 mMで添加することによって誘導した。さらに10分後、f40/7481ポリペプチドを添加した。アナログ軌跡を図11に示す。CH-1=フェニレフリン5 μM+L-NAME 10 mM+F40/7841 0.2 μg/ml;CH-2=フェニレフリン5 μM+L-NAME 10 mM+F40/7841 0.02 μg/ml;およびCH-3=フェニレフリン5 μM+L-NAME 10 mM+F40/7841 2 μg/ml。実施例4の場合と同様に、フェニレフリンを添加すると、海綿体組織の急速な収縮が起こった。酸化窒素阻害剤の存在下では、f40/7481ポリペプチドは、収縮の減少を誘導しなかった、すなわちL-NAMEは、f40/7481の収縮組織弛緩能を遮断した。機器の較正は0.5 gである。
f40/7841弛緩活性におけるアセチルコリン受容体の役割を、海綿体試料をムスカリン作動性アセチルコリン受容体アンタゴニストであるアトロピンによって処置することによって調べた。この実験の結果を図13に示す。CH-1=フェニレフリン5μM+アトロピン1μM+f40/7841 1μg/ml;CH-2=フェニレフリン5μM+f40/7841 1μg/ml+アトロピン1μM。海綿体断片の収縮を実施例4において記述されるようにフェニレフリンによって40分間誘導した後、アトロピンを最終濃度1μMで添加することによって誘導した(上の軌跡)。強直性反応はアトロピンの存在下で経時的に徐々に低減した。下の軌跡における試料にも同様にf40/7481ポリペプチドを添加した。f40/7481ポリペプチドの弛緩誘導能は、アトロピンの存在下で減弱された。
f40/7841ポリペプチドのニコチン性アセチルコリン受容体(nAChR)の活性化能を、α7ニコチン作動性アセチルコリン受容体(α7nAch)を発現するように操作されたPC12細胞の全細胞パッチクランプ分析によってアッセイした。PC12細胞を、以下を含有する80%MEM溶液においてトランスフェクトして、37℃で48時間培養した:150 mM NaCl、5.4 mM KCl、2.0 mM CaCl2、1.0 mM MgCl2、10 mMグルコースおよび10 mM Hepes(7.4)、2 mMおよび10%ウシ胎児血清(Trifaro et al. In vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 1990)。細胞を22℃で1時間インキュベートした後、実験を開始した。Warner PC-501a増幅器および倒立Olympus 9°70顕微鏡を通して全細胞パッチクランプシステムを通して、電流の変化を検出した。膜電位を-60 mVに調節した。電流を5μsの間隔で記録して、取得カードDigidata 9.0(Axon Instrument, Inc)を通して記録システムに接続されたコンピューターおよびソフトウェアPC 9(Axon Instrument, Inc)を用いて2 Khで濾過した。ペプチドを有するアッセイに関する保存溶液を4℃で冷蔵保存して、マイクロピペットは、以下の内部溶液を含有した:140 mM NaCl、5 mM KCl、2 mM CaCl2、1.5 mM MgCl2、および10 mM HEPES、pH 7.4。
f40/7841ポリペプチドがカルシウム流入に対して効果を有しないことを確認するために、C2C12筋芽細胞をf40/7841ポリペプチドによって処置して、細胞内カルシウムレベルをカルシウム感受性蛍光体であるFluo-3AMを用いてアッセイした。細胞内Ca2+測定に関して、488 nmのレージングライン励起を有するConfocal LSM 510 Meta Confocal(Zeiss, Jena, Alemania)顕微鏡を用いた。C2C12細胞を60 mm培養皿(Nalge Nunc International, Rochester, NY)に播種して、48時間培養し、その時点で各プレートは細胞約250,000個を含有した。細胞に蛍光体を、0.5%Me2SOおよび0.1%プルロン酸F-127において4μM fluo-3AM(Sigma)の濃度で37℃で30分間負荷して、10%ウシ胎児血清を有する改変ダルベッコ溶液によって3回洗浄して、インキュベータに戻した。
海綿体断片の収縮を、実施例2において記述される方法に従って50μMフェニレフリンによって誘導した。図1において示されるように、続いてクエン酸シルデナフィル(▲)を最終濃度1μMとなるように加えると、25〜30分間にわたって収縮反応の遅い減少が起こった。f40/7841(■)を最終濃度2μg/mlで同時に添加すると、クエン酸シルデナフィル単独と比較して収縮反応の有意な減少が起こった。その上、典型的に、f40/7841ポリペプチドおよびわずか1μMクエン酸シルデナフィルについて認められた弛緩速度と同等の弛緩速度を観察するためにはクエン酸シルデナフィル単独の100μM濃度が必要であり、f40/7841ポリペプチドがシルデナフィルの作用を有意に増強しうることを示唆している。
チリのクロゴケグモ種からf40/7481ポリペプチドをコードする核酸を単離するために、ヨーロッパアジア亜種であるジュウサンボシゴケグモ(Latrodectus tredecimguttatus)のラトロトキシンの配列に基づいて、プライマーを設計した。DNAプライマーはLOCUS DQ011856における保存領域に基づいて選ばれた。プライマー配列は以下に示されるとおりであった。
EDのインビボアッセイ:
齧歯類および実験的研究において典型的に用いられる他の哺乳動物を用いて本発明の組成物を評価することができる。たとえば、SEQ ID NO:1の配列を有するまたはSEQ ID NO:1の配列が含まれるポリペプチドが含まれる薬学的に許容される組成物を調製して、雄性Fisher 344ラットに投与(たとえば、皮下または腹腔内注射)することができる。望ましければ、Musicki et al.(J. Urology 174: 1493-1496, 2003)において記述されるように若い(〜4ヶ月齢)および高齢(〜19ヶ月齢)のラットについて平行な試験を行うことができる。生理食塩液または「ビヒクル単独」の対照実験を平行して行うことができる。勃起は肉眼的に評価することができ、不応性をさらに評価するように試験を適応させることができる。たとえば、組成物を一定期間(たとえば、2〜4週間)日常的に投与して(たとえば、1〜3回/日)、海綿体神経の電気刺激を行って、洗浄期間後の陰茎勃起を評価することができる。
クロゴケグモからのα-ラトロトキシンcDNAクローンを、標準的な分子生物学法を用いて得る(たとえば、Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Third Edition) J. Sambrook, P. MacCallum, D. Russell, CSHL Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NYを参照されたい)。簡単に説明すると、実施例10において記述された実験において得られたPCR産物をクローニングしてシークエンシングし、DNA配列をヨーロッパアジア亜種であるジュウサンボシゴケグモのα-ラトロトキシンのみならず、他のα-ラトロトキシンのDNA配列と整列させて、プライマーがα-ラトロトキシンmRNAにアニールしたことを確認する。配列がジュウサンボシゴケグモと相同または同一であれば、完全長のcDNAクローンが2つの方法のいずれかで得られる。重なり合うプライマーの追加の組を、たとえば逆PCR、RACEが含まれる多様なPCRに基づく方法を用いてより長いPCR産物を生成するために設計した後、PCR断片を単離して、たとえばQIAgen PCRクローニングキットなどの市販のシステムを用いて直接クローニングする。または、クロゴケグモcDNAライブラリーを構築して、クローニングされた配列を用いてライブラリーをプロービングする。同定されたクローンをシークエンシングして、その同一性を確認する。用いられる方法によらず、クローンをシークエンシングして、完全長のcDNA配列が単離されていることを確認する。
Claims (29)
- SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む、実質的に純粋なポリペプチドであって、
該ポリペプチドの該アミノ酸配列がSEQ ID NO:2ではないことを条件とする、ポリペプチド。 - 前記アミノ酸配列が、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸置換を含有することからSEQ ID NO:1とは異なる、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記1つまたは複数のアミノ酸置換が、1つまたは複数の保存的アミノ酸置換を含む、請求項2に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記ポリペプチドの前記アミノ酸配列が、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸欠失または挿入を含有することからSEQ ID NO:1とは異なる、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記アミノ酸配列が、SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、または少なくとも98%同一である、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 前記アミノ酸配列がSEQ ID NO:1からなる、請求項1に記載のポリペプチド。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドをコードする、単離された核酸。
- 請求項7に記載の核酸を含む、発現ベクター。
- 請求項8に記載の発現ベクターを含む、宿主細胞。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを含む、薬学的に許容される組成物。
- SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含むポリペプチドを含む、薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記ポリペプチドの前記アミノ酸配列が、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸置換を含有することからSEQ ID NO:1とは異なる、請求項11に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記1つまたは複数のアミノ酸置換が1つまたは複数の保存的アミノ酸置換を含む、請求項12に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記ポリペプチドの前記アミノ酸配列が、1つまたは複数のアミノ酸欠失または挿入を含有することからSEQ ID NO:1とは異なる、請求項11に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記ポリペプチドの前記アミノ酸配列が、SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも85%、少なくとも90%、少なくとも95%、または少なくとも98%同一である、請求項11に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記アミノ酸配列が異種配列を含む、請求項11に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 第二の薬学的活性成分をさらに含む、請求項10または11〜16のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 経口投与のために調合される、請求項10または11〜16のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 非経口投与のために調合される、請求項10または11〜16のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記第二の薬学的活性成分がクエン酸シルデナフィルである、請求項17に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 前記非経口投与が静脈内投与、筋肉内投与、皮下投与、経皮投与、または経粘膜投与である、請求項19に記載の薬学的に許容される組成物。
- 請求項10〜21のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物の治療的有効量を被験者に投与する段階を含む、勃起不全を有する被験者を処置する方法。
- 勃起不全を有する被験者を同定する段階をさらに含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 医薬の調製における、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたポリペプチドの使用。
- 勃起機能障害の処置のための医薬の調製における、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の単離されたポリペプチドの使用。
- 医薬の調製における、SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む単離されたポリペプチドの使用。
- 勃起機能障害の処置のための医薬の調製における、SEQ ID NO:1と少なくとも80%同一であるアミノ酸配列を含む単離されたポリペプチドの使用。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかのポリペプチドの発現に適切な時間および条件下で、請求項9に記載の宿主細胞を培養する段階を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のポリペプチドを作製する方法。
- 前記宿主細胞または該宿主細胞を培養した培地から前記ポリペプチドを単離する段階をさらに含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
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KR102103715B1 (ko) | 2012-08-20 | 2020-04-23 | 유니버시다드 페드럴 데 미나스 게라이스-유에프엠지 | 합성 PnTx(19) 펩타이드, 약학 조성물 및 용도 |
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