JP2011230077A - Uniaxial crusher and biaxial crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a uniaxial crusher capable of efficiently crushing a large object to be crushed including bulky household refuse and a cylindrical object to be crushed such as a PET bottle by allowing a rotary blade to bite the object by a large biting amount (biting depth).SOLUTION: The uniaxial crusher 11 includes: a rotor 13 to be rotated; a plurality of rotary blades 14 provided on a surface of the rotor 13; and the first and second stationary blades 16, 17 provided at a casing 15 and crushing the object to be crushed by shearing between the stationary blades and the plurality of rotary blades 14. The surface of the rotor 13 includes: a crushing region 23 in which the plurality of rotary blades 14 are unevenly distributed in a prescribed range of about 180° in a circumferential direction of the rotor 13 and provided over the entire range in an axial direction of the rotor 13; and a non-crushing region 24 in which no rotary blade 14 is provided over a prescribed range of about 180° in the circumferential direction of the rotor 13 and in the entire range in the axial direction of the rotor 13.

Description

  In the present invention, for example, a rotary blade can bite a large crushed object including coarse household garbage or a cylindrical crushed object such as a plastic bottle with a large biting amount (biting depth). The present invention relates to a uniaxial crusher and a biaxial crusher that can be efficiently crushed.

  An example of a conventional uniaxial crusher is shown in FIGS. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). In the uniaxial crusher 1 shown in FIG. 10, when the object to be crushed 3 is supplied from the hopper 2, the object to be crushed 3 is placed on the rotating rotor 4. At this time, when the pusher 5 is moved in the forward direction and the object to be crushed 3 is pressed against the surface of the rotor 4, the plurality of rotary blades 6 provided on the surface of the rotor 4 causes the object to be crushed 3 to be 7 and can be crushed powerfully. Then, the crushed pieces q fall below the rotor 4 and are discharged.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the rotary blades 6 are arranged on the concentric circumference of the rotor 4 at about 90 ° intervals, and a total of four rotary blades 6 are provided. As shown in FIG. 11, a large number of rotary blades 6 are arranged in a zigzag shape on the surface of the rotor 4, whereby the rotary blades 6 are fixed to the fixed blades 7 formed at the front end edge of the plate-like body. When the object to be crushed 3 is bitten in between, a large crushing load is not applied. In FIG. 11, only one rotary blade 6 appears on the concentric circumference of the rotor 4, but the other three rotary blades 6 are omitted.

JP-A-9-57138

  However, in the conventional uniaxial crusher 1 shown in FIG. 10, when a large crushed object 3 such as coarse trash is pressed against the rotor 4 by the pusher 5, the crushed object 3 is 90 on the same circumference. It may be in a state where it rides on the adjacent rotary blades 6 provided every other degree. Even if the rotary blade 6 rotates in this state, the depth at which the rotary blade 6 can bite the large object to be crushed 3 is small, so that the cutting edge of the rotary blade 6 rubs the surface of the object to be crushed 3. In such a case, the material to be crushed 3 cannot be efficiently crushed.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. For example, a rotary blade is used for a large object to be crushed including bulky household garbage or a cylindrical object to be crushed such as a plastic bottle. It is an object of the present invention to provide a uniaxial crusher and a biaxial crusher that can be efficiently crushed so that they can be bitten with a large biting amount (biting depth).

  The uniaxial crusher according to the present invention includes a rotor that rotates about a rotation axis, a plurality of rotary blades provided on a surface of the rotor, and a plurality of rotary blades provided on a fixed portion. In the uniaxial crusher provided with a fixed blade for shearing and crushing an object to be crushed, the surface of the rotor has the plurality of rotating blades unevenly distributed in a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and in the axial direction of the rotor. A crushing region provided over a range, and a non-crushing region where the rotary blade extends over a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of the rotor and is not provided over a range in the axial direction of the rotor. It is characterized by this.

  According to the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, the object to be crushed can be sandwiched between a plurality of rotary blades and fixed blades by rotating the rotor, and the object to be crushed can be sequentially sheared and crushed. And since the rotary blade has the non-crushing area | region which is not provided over the range of the axial direction of a rotor on the surface of a rotor over the predetermined range of the circumferential direction of a rotor, for example, large sized When a crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a plastic bottle is supplied, the crushed object can be received in a non-crushing region on the rotor surface. In other words, it is possible to prevent the object to be crushed from being maintained on the rotating blades adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor. As a result, the biting amount (biting depth) of the rotary blade and the fixed blade with respect to a large-scale crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle can be increased. The object to be crushed can be reliably bitten and crushed.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, the crushing region is provided with three to five rotating blades on the same circumference of the rotor, and the non-crushing region is 120 on the same circumference of the rotor. It can be formed over a range of ° to 220 °.

  In this way, in the crushing region, by providing three to five rotary blades on the same circumference of the rotor, it is possible to increase the interval between the rotary blades provided on the same circumference, Such a large object to be crushed can be efficiently crushed by making the rotary blade easy to bite deeply. Here, if there are two or less rotary blades, the required crushing capacity cannot be obtained. If the number of rotating blades is six or more, it is difficult for the rotating blades to deeply bite into a large object to be crushed, and it cannot be efficiently crushed, leading to an increase in the cost of the rotating blades.

  And a non-crushing area is formed over the same circumference of the rotor over a range of 120 ° to 220 °, thereby reliably receiving a large object to be crushed in the non-crushing area on the surface of approximately half of the rotor. Can do.

  In addition, when three rotary blades are provided on the same circumference of the rotor at intervals of about 90 ° (at positions corresponding to four equal parts of the circumference), the non-crushing region is about 180 ° on the same circumference of the rotor. If three are provided at intervals of about 72 ° (each at a position corresponding to five equal parts of the circumference), the non-crushing region is set to a range of about 220 ° on the same circumference of the rotor. Can be formed. When five are provided at intervals of about 60 ° (at six positions on the circumference), the non-crushing region can be formed over a range of about 120 ° on the same circumference of the rotor.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, a guide passage that guides an object to be crushed is formed above a position where the rotary blade and the fixed blade mesh with each other, and the guide passage has an arc-shaped cross section of the rotor. The inclined surface and the inclined blade surface of the fixed blade may be formed in a shape that tapers downward.

  In this way, the object to be crushed supplied to the guide passage can be guided downward by the inclined surface having an arcuate cross section of the rotor and the inclined blade surface of the fixed blade. Since the position where the fixed blade meshes with the fixed blade is set, the object to be crushed can be reliably and efficiently crushed.

  The uniaxial crusher which concerns on this invention WHEREIN: The pusher which can press the to-be-crushed object which has approached the said guide path or its vicinity to a casing can be provided.

  In this way, the object to be crushed by the rotating blade and the fixed blade can be pressed against the casing by the pusher, so that the object to be crushed does not escape from the biting of the rotating blade and the fixed blade. Thus, the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, a portion of the casing to which an object to be crushed is pressed by the pusher is provided with a ridge extending in a direction toward the fixed blade, and at least a part of the top portion of the ridge is the rotation. It can be arranged to face the tip of the blade.

  If it does in this way, a to-be-crushed object can be pinched | interposed and held between the pusher which moves to the direction which presses a to-be-crushed object, and a protruding item | line. And since this protruding item | line is extended in the direction which goes to a fixed blade, while being able to guide a to-be-crushed object to the direction which goes to a fixed blade, it can prevent that a to-be-crushed object moves to a horizontal direction. This can ensure that the object to be crushed is crushed.

  And since it arrange | positions so that a part of top part of a protruding item | line may oppose the front-end | tip part of a rotating blade, the part pressed by the rotating blade of the to-be-crushed object is formed between a protruding item | line and a protruding item | line. It is possible to reduce entry into the groove. As a result, the object to be crushed can be smoothly guided to the fixed blade side.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, a portion of the casing to which the object to be crushed is pressed by the pusher is formed by a gate, and the gate opens and closes a discharge port through which foreign matter supplied together with the object to be crushed can be discharged. Can be.

  In this case, for example, when a material to be crushed is supplied and foreign matter mixed in the material to be crushed enters the guide passage or the vicinity thereof, the gate is opened and the pusher is moved in a direction to press the gate. Thus, the foreign matter can be automatically discharged from the discharge port to the outside.

  For example, if a hard foreign substance enters the guide passage or the vicinity thereof, it stays in the guide passage or the vicinity without being crushed, so that the next object to be crushed cannot be crushed and the crushing operation cannot be performed. In addition, when the foreign matter is discharged to the outside, the crushing operation can be performed.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, a plate-shaped rotary blade body in which a plurality of the rotary blades are provided in the outer peripheral portion and a groove portion is formed in the outer peripheral portion, and an outer diameter smaller than the rotary blade body The plate-like spacers are alternately arranged in the axial direction, and the bottom of the groove formed in the rotary blade body is formed so as to substantially coincide with the outer peripheral surface of the spacer. .

  In this way, for example, when the object to be crushed is sandwiched between the tip of the fixed blade and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating spacer (for example, the guide passage), the groove is formed in the portion where the fixed blade is attached. When rotating, the object to be crushed is pushed out of the groove by the fixed blade and falls off. As a result, the next object to be crushed can be moved sequentially to a position where the rotary blade and the fixed blade mesh with each other, and the object to be crushed can be crushed continuously. Further, when such a groove is formed, the object to be crushed around the spacer can be removed from the groove using a rod-like body having a sharp tip.

  The outer diameter (basic circle) that passes through the root of the rotary blade in the rotary blade is formed larger than the outer diameter of the spacer on the outer side in the radial direction than the spacer of the basic circle of the rotary blade. This is because the projecting annular portion exerts a function capable of shearing and crushing the object to be crushed by the fixed blade.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, each of the plurality of rotary blades has first and second edge portions on both sides meshing with the fixed blade, and the one first edge portion and the fixed blade The first gap between the second edge and the fixed blade is made smaller than the other, and the object to be crushed is crushed by the first edge and the fixed blade. The crushed pieces of the object to be crushed can be discharged from the second gap.

  In this way, the object to be crushed can be crushed by the first edge portion of the rotary blade and the fixed blade, and the second edge formed between the other second edge portion of the rotary blade and the fixed blade. From the gap, crushed pieces of the material to be crushed can be discharged. As a result, the crushing load can be reduced, the size of the rotary drive device of the rotor can be reduced, and the cost of the single-shaft crusher can be reduced. And since a crushing piece can be discharged | emitted from a 2nd clearance gap, the improvement of crushing efficiency can be aimed at.

  In the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, the fixed blade is constituted by a plurality of fixed blades arranged side by side in the axial direction of the rotor, and each of the plurality of fixed blades can be separately attached to and detached from the casing with bolts. It can be attached to.

  In this way, for example, it is possible to remove only the fixed blade that needs to be replaced from the casing and to attach the replacement fixed blade in a very simple and short time.

  The two-axis crusher according to the present invention includes a first rotor and a second rotor that are rotated about different rotation axes, respectively, and a plurality of rotary blades are provided on each surface of the first and second rotors. In a biaxial crusher for shearing and crushing an object to be crushed between a plurality of rotary blades provided on the first rotor and a plurality of rotary blades provided on the second rotor, Each of the surfaces of the first and second rotors has a crushing region in which the plurality of rotary blades are unevenly distributed in a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of the rotors and are provided over an axial range of the rotors. And the rotary blade has a non-crushing region that is not provided over a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of each rotor and in a range in the axial direction of each rotor. .

  According to the biaxial crusher according to the present invention, by rotating the first and second rotors, an object to be crushed is sandwiched between the rotary blades of the first rotor and the rotary blades of the second rotor. The crushed material can be sequentially sheared and crushed. Each surface of the first and second rotors has a non-crushing region in which the rotary blades are not provided over the predetermined range in the circumferential direction of each rotor and the axial range of each rotor. Therefore, for example, when a large crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle is supplied, the crushed object is removed in the non-crushed area on the surface of the first and / or second rotor. I can take it. That is, it is possible to prevent the object to be crushed from being maintained on the rotating blades adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the first and / or second rotor. This makes it possible to increase the amount of biting (biting depth) of the rotary blade and fixed blade with respect to a large object to be crushed and a cylindrical object to be crushed such as a PET bottle. It is possible to reliably bite and crush the object to be crushed.

  According to the uniaxial crusher according to the present invention, for example, when a large crushed object including coarse trash or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle is supplied, the crushed object is removed from the non-crushing region on the rotor surface. The amount of biting (biting depth) of the rotary blade and the fixed blade with respect to these objects to be crushed can be increased. Therefore, such a large crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle can be reliably crushed using an inexpensive and small uniaxial crusher.

  According to the biaxial crusher according to the present invention, similarly to the above, the rotary blades of the first and second rotors ensure large crushed objects and cylindrical crushed objects such as PET bottles. Can be crushed. Moreover, it is possible to exhibit a greater crushing capacity than a uniaxial crusher.

It is a longitudinal section showing a uniaxial crusher concerning one embodiment of this invention. It is an expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the principal part of the uniaxial crusher of the same embodiment shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the uniaxial crusher which concerns on the same embodiment. It is an expanded cross-sectional view which shows the principal part of the uniaxial crusher of the embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing meshing between the rotary blade and the second fixed blade of the uniaxial crusher shown in FIG. 3. The rotary blade body with which the embodiment is provided is shown, (a) is a front view of the rotary blade body, (b) is a side view of the rotary blade body. The state which piled up the rotary blade and spacer with which the embodiment is equipped is shown, (a) is the front view, (b) is the side view. The 1st fixed blade with which the embodiment is provided is shown, (a) is the top view, (b) is the front view, and (c) is the side view. The 2nd fixed blade with which the embodiment is provided is shown, (a) is the top view, (b) is the front view, and (c) is the side view. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the conventional uniaxial crusher. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the rotary blade provided in the same conventional uniaxial crusher shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a uniaxial crusher according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the uniaxial crusher 11 includes a rotor 13 that rotates about a rotary shaft 12, a plurality of rotary blades 14 provided on the surface of the rotor 13, and a casing 15 (fixed portion). ), And includes a first fixed blade 16 and a second fixed blade 17 that shear and crush the object to be crushed with the plurality of rotary blades 14. The uniaxial crusher 11 has a large biting amount (biting depth) with respect to a large crushed object including, for example, household coarse garbage or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle. ) And can be crushed. The crushed object is crushed by the uniaxial crusher 11 so that the crushed object such as waste can be recycled as boiler fuel or agricultural material.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the uniaxial crusher 11 is provided in a casing 15, a rotor 13 disposed inside the casing 15, a plurality of rotary blades 14 provided on the surface of the rotor 13, and the casing 15. The first fixed blade 16 and the second fixed blade 17 disposed along the surface of the rotor 13, a hopper 18 attached to the upper part of the casing 15, and a pusher 19 attached to the side portion of the casing 15. ing.

  The hopper 18 forms a supply port for supplying the object to be crushed into the accommodation space S.

  The casing 15 is a portion that serves as a base for supporting each of the above components. In addition, a housing space S having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view for housing a material to be crushed is formed inside the casing 15, and the rotor 13, the hopper 18, the pusher 19, and the like surround the housing space S. It is fixed and provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rotor 13 having a plurality of rotary blades 14 provided on the outer peripheral surface includes a plurality of rotary blade bodies 20, a plurality of spacers 21, a rotary shaft 12, and the like.

  As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the rotary blade body 20 has a substantially disc-shaped rotary blade body 22, and a total of, for example, three rotations are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotary blade body 22. The blade 14 is provided so as to protrude outward in the radial direction.

  Each of these three rotary blades 14 is provided at intervals of about 90 ° in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary blade main body 22, and a blade surface 14 a that is a rake face is formed in a substantially rectangular shape. This rake face is formed to have a positive rake angle.

  As shown in the front view of FIG. 6A, the region where the three rotary blades 14 are unevenly distributed over the range of about 180 ° on the left half of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary blade body 20 is a crushing region. 23, and a region where the rotary blade 14 is not provided over a range of about 180 ° on the right half of the outer peripheral portion of the rotary blade body 20 is a non-crushing region 24.

  As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the plurality of rotary blades 20 formed in this way are alternately overlapped with a plurality of spacers 21 formed in a disk shape, and formed at the respective centers. The rotary shaft 12 is inserted into the substantially rectangular insertion hole 25, and the plurality of rotary blades 20, the plurality of spacers 21, and the rotary shaft 12 are integrally coupled. In this way, as shown in FIG. 4, the rotor 13 having a plurality of rotary blades 14 provided on the outer peripheral surface is completed. Therefore, the rotor 13 includes a plurality of rotary blade bodies 20, a plurality of spacers 21, and the rotation shaft 12.

  The surface of the rotor 13 configured in this way is provided over the entire range in the axial direction of the rotor 13 in which the plurality of rotary blades 14 are unevenly distributed in a predetermined range of approximately 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the rotor 13. The crushing region 23 and the non-crushing region 24 where the rotary blade 14 is not provided over a predetermined range of approximately 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the rotor 13 and the entire range in the axial direction of the rotor 13. Have.

  On the surface of the rotor 13, for example, a plurality of rotary blades 14 are provided so as to be arranged in a plurality of spirals or zigzags, whereby the crushing region 23 is formed in a spiral or zigzag. In this way, the number of rotary blades 14 aligned in a straight line in the axial direction of the rotor 13 is reduced, and each rotary blade 14 is connected between the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17. When the object to be crushed is sandwiched and sheared and crushed, it is possible to prevent the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 and the rotor 13 from being overloaded.

  Further, the rotating shaft 12 inserted through the central portion of the rotor 13 is rotatably supported by bearings 26 and 26 attached to the casing 15. In this way, the rotor 13 is rotatably supported by the bearings 26 and 26. A drive motor (not shown) is connected to the rotating shaft 12 of the rotor 13 via a gear unit or the like. With this drive motor, the rotor 13 can be rotated in a predetermined direction. The rotational speed of the rotor 13 is set to a low speed of 30 rpm or less, for example.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a rotor 13 is rotatably supported inside the casing 15, and the rotor 13 is disposed so that a part of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 13 faces the accommodation space S. Yes. And a part of outer peripheral surface of the lower part of the rotor 13 is covered with the screen 27 at intervals. A large number of holes are formed in the screen 27, and the plurality of rotary blades 14 and the first and second fixed blades until the object to be crushed becomes smaller than the size of the large numbers of holes formed in the screen 27. 16 and 17 are repeatedly sheared. Therefore, the size of the finally obtained crushed pieces q can be adjusted by replacing the screens with different hole diameters.

  A conveying device (not shown) such as a belt conveyor is disposed below the screen 27, and the crushed pieces q that have dropped through the holes in the screen 27 are conveyed to the next step by the conveying device. The

  Next, the first fixed blade 16 and the second fixed blade 17 will be described. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, a large number of first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 are alternately arranged on the inner surface of the casing 15 in a straight line. As described above, the direction in which the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 are alternately arranged on a straight line is a direction parallel to the rotation axis 12 of the rotor 13, and the plurality of the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 are arranged on these straight lines. The first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 are formed to have substantially the same length as the rotor 13.

  And these many 1st and 2nd fixed blades 16 and 17 are arrange | positioned facing the outer surface of the rotor 13, and to-be-crushed objects between many rotary blades 14 provided in the outer surface of the rotor 13. It can be crushed by a shearing force and is formed into a plate shape by a hard metal material or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 is separately attached to the casing 15 with bolts 28 so as to be detachable.

  Each of the first fixed blades 16 has the same shape, and as shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, it is a plate-like block, and the upper surface (the inclined blade surface 16a) is The concave curved surface is formed, and two female screw portions 29 and 29 to which the bolts 28 are screwed are formed at the lower portion. As shown in FIG. 2, when the rotor 13 rotates and the rotary blade 14 rotates with the first fixed blade 16 attached to the casing 15, the first fixed blade 16 has a cutting edge of the rotary blade 14. The inclined blade surface 16a formed on the upper surface of the first fixed blade 16 is formed to be able to rotate and move with a gap.

  Each of the second fixed blades 17 has the same shape, and is a plate-shaped block having an upper surface (inclined blade surface) as shown in FIGS. 17a) is formed with a trapezoidal central convex portion 17b having a low height, a central flat surface is formed on the upper surface of the central convex portion 17b, and gently inclined surfaces 17c, 17c on both sides of the central flat surface. Is formed. And the side part flat surface 17d is formed in the outer side of each gentle inclined surface 17c, 17c. And in the lower part of each 2nd fixed blade 17, the two internal thread parts by which a volt | bolt is screwed are formed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, when the rotary blade 14 rotates with the rotor 13 with the second fixed blade 17 attached to the casing 15, the second fixed blade 17 has a cutting edge of the rotary blade 14. (2) The side position of one gentle inclined surface 17c formed on the inclined blade surface 17a (upper surface) of the fixed blade 17 is formed so as to be able to rotate and move from the blade edge with a slight gap therebetween. ing.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, each of the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 is separately attached to the casing 15 with a bolt 28 so as to be detachable separately. The removal of only the 16 or the second fixed blade 17 from the casing 15 and the attachment of the first fixed blade 16 or the second fixed blade 17 for replacement can be performed very simply and in a short time.

  Next, the guide passage 30 for guiding the object to be crushed will be described with reference to FIG. The guide passage 30 is a passage for guiding the object to be crushed supplied to the accommodation space S to a position where the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 mesh with each other. It is formed above the position where the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 mesh.

  The guide passage 30 is formed in a tapered shape as it goes downward by the inclined surface 13 a having an arcuate cross section of the rotor 13 and the inclined blade surfaces 16 a (upper surfaces) of the plurality of first fixed blades 16.

  According to the guide passage 30 formed as shown in FIG. 1, the object to be crushed supplied into the accommodation space S is divided into an inclined surface 13 a having an arcuate cross section of the rotor 13 and the inclinations of the plurality of first fixed blades 16. The blade surface 16a can be guided downward, and the position where the plurality of rotary blades 14 and the plurality of first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 are engaged is set below the blade surface 16a. The crushed material can be reliably and efficiently crushed.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 7 (a), (b), the groove part 31 currently formed in the approximate center of the non-crushing area | region 24 of the rotary blade 20 is demonstrated. For example, one groove portion 31 is formed at the outer peripheral portion of the rotary blade main body 22 constituting the rotary blade body 20 and at the approximate center of the non-crushing region 24. And the bottom of this groove part 31 is formed in the depth substantially corresponded with the outer peripheral surface of the disk-shaped spacer 21 of an outer diameter smaller than this rotary blade main body 22. FIG.

  According to this groove 31, when the object to be crushed is sandwiched between the inclined blade surface 17 a of the second fixed blade 17 shown in FIG. 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating spacer 21 (guide passage 30), this groove When 31 is rotated to the position where the second fixed blade 17 is attached, the object to be crushed is pushed out of the groove 31 by the second fixed blade 17 and falls off. As a result, the next object to be crushed can be moved to the part (guide passage 30) where the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 are sequentially engaged, and the object to be crushed is continuously crushed. can do. In addition, when such a groove 31 is formed, the object to be crushed around the spacer 21 can be removed from the groove 31 using a rod-like body having a sharp tip.

  Note that the outer diameter of the rotary blade body 22 constituting the rotary blade body 20 (the basic circle passing through the root portion of the rotary blade 14) is formed larger than the outer diameter of the spacer 21. This is because the annular portion protruding outward in the radial direction from the base circle spacer 21 exerts the function of shearing and crushing the object to be crushed by the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the pusher 19 is provided in the casing 15 so that the object to be crushed that is supplied from the hopper 18 to the inside of the accommodation space S and enters the guide passage 30 or its vicinity is swingably provided in the casing 15. The pressing portion 19a that presses against the inner surface of the gate 32, and that drives the reciprocating movement of the pressing portion 19a toward and away from the inner surface of the gate 32. Part 19b.

  According to this pusher 19, the object to be crushed which is bitten by the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 can be pressed against the gate 32 by the pressing portion 19a. Can be retained so as not to escape from the biting of the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17, whereby the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the inner surface of the gate 32 to which the object to be crushed is pressed by the pusher 19 has a plurality of protrusions extending in the direction (vertical direction) toward the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17. Article 33 is provided. And at least one part of the top part of the rectangular cross section of each each protruding item | line 33 is arrange | positioned so that the front-end | tip part of the rectangular cross section of each rotary blade 14 may be opposed (refer FIG. 4).

  According to the plurality of ridges 33, the object to be crushed can be sandwiched and held between the pressing portion 19 a of the pusher 19 that moves in the direction of pressing the object to be crushed and the ridge 33. And since this protruding item | line 33 is extended in the direction which goes to the 1st and 2nd fixed blades 16 and 17, an object to be crushed can be guided to the direction which goes to the 1st and 2nd fixed blades 16 and 17. At the same time, the object to be crushed can be prevented from moving in the horizontal direction, so that the object to be crushed can be reliably crushed.

  And as shown in FIG. 4, since at least one part of the top part of the rectangular cross section of the protrusion 33 is arrange | positioned so as to oppose the front-end | tip part of the rectangular cross section of each rotary blade 14, the rotary blade of a to-be-crushed object It can reduce that the part pressed by 14 enters into the groove | channel formed between the protruding item | line 33 and the protruding item | line 33. FIG. As a result, the object to be crushed can be smoothly guided to the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 side.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of ridges 33 are formed in a shape that guides the object to be crushed supplied to the accommodation space S to the guide passage 30 below the object to be crushed. The plurality of ridges 33 form a tapered space as it goes downward by the inclined surface 13 a having an arcuate cross section of the rotor 13 and the inclined blade surface 16 a (upper surface) of each of the plurality of first fixed blades 16. is doing.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a portion of the casing 15 to which the object to be crushed is pressed by the pusher 19 is formed by a gate 32. This gate 32 is a drain for discharging the foreign matter supplied together with the object to be crushed. The outlet 34 can be opened and closed. As shown in FIG. 2, the gate 32 is swingable about a pivotal support portion 32 a and swings toward the outside of the casing 15 to open the discharge port 34. The discharge port 34 is formed in the casing 15. The gate 32 is driven to open and close by a gate drive unit 35.

  According to the gate 32, for example, when a material to be crushed is supplied and foreign matter mixed in the material to be crushed enters the guide passage 30 or the vicinity thereof, the gate 32 is opened and the pressing portion 19a of the pusher 19 is moved. By moving in the direction of pressing against the gate 32, foreign matter can be automatically discharged from the discharge port 34 to the outside.

  For example, when a hard foreign substance enters the guide passage 30 or the vicinity thereof, it stays in the guide passage 30 or the vicinity thereof without being crushed, so that the next object to be crushed cannot be crushed and the crushing operation cannot be performed. Thus, when the foreign matter is discharged to the outside, the crushing operation can be performed.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 5, the meshing between each of the plurality of rotary blades 14 and the second fixed blade 17 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, each of the plurality of rotary blades 14 has a first edge portion 36 and a second edge portion 37 on both sides that mesh with two adjacent second fixed blades 17. Then, the first gap 38 between the first edge 36 of the rotary blade 14 and one of the second fixed blades 17 is used, and the second gap 39 between the second edge 37 and the other second fixed blade 17 is used. The crushed object is crushed by the first edge 36 and the second fixed blade 17 so that the crushed piece q of the crushed object can be discharged from the second gap 39.

  In this way, the object to be crushed can be crushed by the first edge 36 of the rotary blade 14 and the one second fixed blade 17, and the second edge 37 of the rotary blade 14 and the other second fixed blade. The crushed pieces q of the object to be crushed can be discharged from the second gap 39 formed between the two pieces. As a result, the crushing load can be reduced, the size of the rotary drive motor of the rotor 13 can be reduced, and the cost of the uniaxial crusher 11 can be reduced. And since the crushing piece q can be discharged | emitted from the 2nd clearance gap 39, the improvement of crushing efficiency can be aimed at.

  However, in the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the first gap 38 is made smaller than the second gap 39, but instead, the thickness of the second fixed blade 17 is increased to make the first gap 38. And the second gap 39 are the same size gap (the same size as the first gap 38), both the edge portions of the first and second edge portions 36 and 37, and the second fixed blades 17 of both. The material to be crushed may be crushed.

  If it does in this way, compared with the case where it crushes only in the 1st edge part 36 of one side, an object to be crushed can be crushed smaller.

  In addition, 40 shown in FIG. 2 is a scraper. A plurality of scrapers 40 are provided in the casing 15 and are used to remove objects to be crushed between the rotary blades 20 arranged adjacent to each other or wound around the spacers 21.

  Next, the operation and action of the uniaxial crusher 11 configured as described above will be described. When the object to be crushed is crushed using the uniaxial crusher 11 shown in FIG. 2, the drive motor is driven to rotate the rotor 13 in a predetermined direction, and the object to be crushed is accommodated from the supply port of the hopper 18. To S. Then, the supplied object to be crushed is transferred to the gate 32 side and drawn into the guide passage 30 by the multiple rotary blades 14 provided on the surface of the rotating rotor 13.

  Thus, the object to be crushed is sandwiched between the plurality of rotary blades 14 provided on the surface of the rotor 13 and the plurality of first and second fixed blades 16, 17, and the object to be crushed is sequentially sheared and crushed. be able to. At this time, for example, when the operator operates the pusher 19 to press the object to be crushed against the gate 32, the object to be crushed escapes from the biting of the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16, 17. The object to be crushed can be reliably crushed by this.

  The crushed pieces q of the crushed object are rotationally transferred by the blade portions of the plurality of rotary blades 14 and fall on the screen 27. When the crushed pieces q are smaller than the numerous holes formed in the screen 27, the crushed pieces q fall through the numerous holes and onto the conveying device, and are conveyed to the next step by the conveying device. The

  However, when the crushed piece q is larger than each hole formed in the screen 27, the crushed piece q stays between the rotor 13 and the screen 27, so that it is pushed by each rotary blade 14 into the accommodation space S. Returned.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 6A, the rotary blade 14 extends over a predetermined range of approximately 180 ° in the circumferential direction of the rotor 13 on the surface of the rotor 13 and is within the entire length of the rotor 13. Since the non-crushing region 24 that is not provided is provided, for example, when a large crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle is supplied from the hopper 18, the crushed object It can be received in the non-breaking region 24 on the surface of the rotor 13. That is, it is possible to prevent the object to be crushed from being maintained on the rotating blades 14 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 13. Accordingly, the amount of biting (biting depth) of the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 with respect to a large-scale crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle can be increased. In addition, the rotary blade 14 and the first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 can reliably bite into these objects to be crushed.

  Therefore, such a large crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle can be reliably crushed using an inexpensive and small uniaxial crusher 11.

  Moreover, as shown to Fig.6 (a), (b), in the crushing area | region 23, the three rotary blades 14 (it is good also as 3-5) are provided on the same periphery of the rotor 13, The non-crushing region 24 is formed on the same circumference of the rotor 13 over a range of approximately 180 ° (may be 120 ° to 220 °).

  Thus, in the crushing region 23, by providing three (three to five) rotary blades 14 on the same circumference of the rotor 13, the interval between the rotary blades 14 provided on the same circumference is increased. The rotary blade 14 can be easily bitten deeply into a large object to be crushed, such as coarse garbage, and can be efficiently crushed.

  Here, if the number of the rotary blades 14 is two or less, the required crushing capacity cannot be obtained. If the number of the rotary blades 14 is 6 or more, it is difficult for the rotary blades 14 to deeply bite into a large object to be crushed, and the rotary blades 14 cannot be efficiently crushed, leading to an increase in the cost of the rotary blades 14. .

  And the non-crushing area | region 24 is formed over the range of about 180 degrees (120 degrees-220 degrees) on the same periphery of the rotor 13, A large crushed object is made into the surface of the substantially half of the rotor 13. It can be reliably received in the non-crushing region 24.

  If three rotary blades 14 are provided on the same circumference of the rotor 13 at intervals of about 90 ° (at positions corresponding to four equal parts of the circumference), the non-crushing region 24 is provided on the same circumference of the rotor 13. It can be formed over a range of about 180 °, and when three are provided at intervals of about 72 ° (at each of the five equal parts of the circumference), the non-crushing region 24 is formed on the same circumference of the rotor 13. It can be formed over a range of about 220 °. Then, when five are provided at intervals of about 60 ° (at six positions on the circumference), the non-crushing region 24 can be formed on the same circumference of the rotor 13 over a range of about 120 °. it can. Except for each of the non-crushing regions 24, the crushing region 23 is formed.

  However, in the said embodiment, as shown to Fig.7 (a), (b), the rotary blade body 20 and the spacer 21 were piled up alternately, and the rotor 13 was formed, but it replaced with this and a hollow cylinder A rotor may be formed by a solid body or a solid cylindrical body, and a number of rotary blades 14 may be attached to the surface of the rotor with bolts.

  And in the said embodiment, although the 1st fixed blade 16 shown in FIG. 8 and the 2nd fixed blade 17 shown in FIG. 9 are alternately arrange | positioned, each was attached to the casing 15 with the volt | bolt 28 detachably, Instead of this, these first and second fixed blades 16 and 17 may be formed as an integrated object, or formed as a split-type object obtained by dividing the integrated object into a plurality of parts, You may attach to the casing 15 with a detachable bolt.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, although the groove part 31 was provided in the non-crushing area | region 24 of the outer peripheral part of the rotary blade body 20, it replaces with this and the crush area | region 23 of the outer peripheral part of the rotary blade body 20 is provided. The groove portion 31 may be provided in each region, or may be provided in each of both regions. And although one groove part 31 was provided, you may provide two or more.

  Furthermore, although the example which applied this invention to the uniaxial crusher 11 was given in the said embodiment, instead of this, although not shown in a figure, this invention can be applied to a biaxial crusher.

  This two-axis crusher includes a first rotor and a second rotor that are rotated about separate rotation axes, respectively, and a plurality of rotary blades are provided on the respective surfaces of the first and second rotors, The object to be crushed is sheared and crushed between a plurality of rotary blades provided on the first rotor and a plurality of rotary blades provided on the second rotor.

  The first rotor is equivalent to the rotor 13 of the above-described embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and a plurality of rotary blades 14 are provided on the surface as in the above-described embodiment, and the surface is crushed. A region 23 and a non-crushing region 24 are provided. The second rotor is symmetrical to the first rotor.

  According to this biaxial crusher, the first and second rotors are rotated in the direction in which the object to be crushed is drawn between the two rotors, whereby the rotary blade of the first rotor and the rotary blade of the second rotor The object to be crushed can be sandwiched between them, and the object to be crushed can be sequentially sheared and crushed. Each surface of the first and second rotors has a non-crushing region in which the rotary blades are not provided over the predetermined range in the circumferential direction of each rotor and the axial range of each rotor. Therefore, similarly to the above-described embodiment, when a large crushed object or a cylindrical crushed object such as a PET bottle is supplied, the crushed object is first and / or second. It can be received in the non-crushing region of the rotor surface. That is, it is possible to prevent the object to be crushed from being maintained on the rotating blades adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the first and / or second rotor. This makes it possible to increase the amount of biting (depth of biting) of the rotary blade with respect to a large object to be crushed and a cylindrical object to be crushed such as a PET bottle. And can be crushed. Moreover, it is possible to exhibit a greater crushing capacity than a uniaxial crusher.

  As described above, the uniaxial crusher and the biaxial crusher according to the present invention have, for example, a rotary blade for a large crushed object including large household garbage or a cylindrical crushed object such as a plastic bottle. It has the excellent effect that it can be crushed efficiently by being able to bite with a large biting amount (biting depth), and is applied to such a uniaxial crusher and biaxial crusher. Suitable for

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Uniaxial crusher 12 Rotating shaft 13 Rotor 13a Inclined surface 14 Rotary blade 14a Blade surface 15 Casing 16 1st fixed blade 16a Inclined blade surface 17 2nd fixed blade 17a Inclined blade surface 17b Central convex part 17c Slightly inclined surface 17d Side part flat Surface 18 Hopper 19 Pusher 19a Pressing portion 19b Driving portion 20 Rotating blade body 21 Spacer 22 Rotating blade body 23 Crushing region 24 Non-crushing region 25 Insertion hole 26 Bearing 27 Screen 28 Bolt 29 Female thread portion 30 Guide passage 31 Groove portion 32 Gate 32a Pivoting portion 33 ridge 34 discharge port 35 gate drive part 36 first edge part 37 second edge part 38 first gap 39 second gap 40 scraper S accommodation space q fragment

Claims (10)

A rotor that rotates about a rotation axis, a plurality of rotary blades provided on the surface of the rotor, and a fixed blade that shears and crushes an object to be crushed between the plurality of rotary blades provided in a fixed portion In a uniaxial crusher comprising:
The surface of the rotor includes the crushing region in which the plurality of rotary blades are unevenly distributed in a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the rotary blades are provided over the range in the axial direction of the rotor. A uniaxial crusher characterized by having a non-crushing region that is not provided over a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of the rotor and in a range in the axial direction of the rotor. In the crushing region, three to five rotary blades are provided on the same circumference of the rotor,
The uniaxial crusher according to claim 1, wherein the non-crushing region is formed over a range of 120 ° to 220 ° on the same circumference of the rotor. Above the position where the rotary blade and the fixed blade mesh with each other, a guide passage for guiding the object to be crushed is formed,
3. The guide passage according to claim 1, wherein the guide passage is formed in a tapered shape as it goes downward by an inclined surface having an arcuate cross section of the rotor and an inclined blade surface of the fixed blade. Uniaxial crusher.   The uniaxial crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a pusher capable of pressing the object to be crushed entering the guide passage or the vicinity thereof against a casing.   A portion of the casing to which the object to be crushed is pressed by the pusher is provided with a ridge extending in a direction toward the fixed blade, and at least a part of the top of the ridge faces the tip of the rotary blade. It arrange | positions, The uniaxial crusher in any one of the Claims 1 thru | or 4 characterized by the above-mentioned.   A portion of the casing to which the object to be crushed is pressed by the pusher is formed by a gate, and this gate can open and close a discharge port through which foreign matter supplied together with the object to be crushed can be discharged. A uniaxial crusher according to claim 4 or 5. A plate-like rotary blade body in which a plurality of the rotary blades are provided on the outer peripheral portion and a groove portion is formed in the outer peripheral portion, and a plate-like spacer having an outer diameter smaller than the rotary blade body are axially provided. Alternately arranged
The uniaxial crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a bottom of a groove formed in the rotary blade body is formed so as to substantially coincide with an outer peripheral surface of the spacer.   Each of the plurality of rotary blades has a first edge and a second edge on both sides meshing with the fixed blade, and a first gap between one of the first edge and the fixed blade is the other. Less than the second gap between the second edge and the fixed blade, and crush the object to be crushed by the first edge and the fixed blade. The uniaxial crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the crushed pieces can be discharged.   The fixed blade is composed of a plurality of fixed blades arranged side by side in the axial direction of the rotor, and each of the plurality of fixed blades is separately attached to the casing with a bolt so as to be detachable. The uniaxial crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 8. Each of the first and second rotors includes a first rotor and a second rotor that are rotated about different rotation axes, and a plurality of rotary blades are provided on the respective surfaces of the first rotor and the second rotor. In a biaxial crusher for shearing and crushing a material to be crushed between a plurality of rotating blades and a plurality of rotating blades provided in the second rotor,
Each of the surfaces of the first and second rotors is provided with the plurality of rotary blades unevenly distributed in a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of each rotor and over the range in the axial direction of each rotor. The crushing region and the rotary blade has a predetermined range in the circumferential direction of each rotor and a non-crushing region that is not provided over the axial range of each rotor. Shaft crusher.

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