JP3195524B2 - Single shaft crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improvement of a single-shaft crusher for efficiently crushing various kinds of waste such as household waste and industrial waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A single-shaft crusher is a type in which a fixed blade and a rotary blade are combined, and the waste input from a hopper is pressed by a pusher and crushed by a crushing mechanism. Machines are known from various documents.

On the other hand, a twin-screw crusher is provided with a plurality of rotary blades arranged close to each other on a rotary drum disposed in parallel with each other so that the blades facing each other overlap with each other. It is of a type in which it is crushed by being bitten between opposed rotating blades that rotate.

Accordingly, although a mechanism for pressing the waste with a pusher is not required, waste having a volume larger than the diameter of the rotary blade cannot be directly treated, and is once crushed to a predetermined size or less by another method or apparatus. It is necessary to keep. On the other hand, a single-shaft crusher requires a mechanism for pressing with a pusher, but has an advantage that various wastes can be crushed without being limited by the size of the waste.

[0005] Among such single-shaft crushers, those having a basic structure particularly suitable for treating bulky wastes are disclosed in Japanese Utility Model 5-1.
No. 3410. The uniaxial crusher according to this publication has an opening between the end of the base plate and the side wall as a discharge port, a fixed blade fixed to the end of the base plate, and a rotary blade attached to a rotary rotor at the opening position. A pusher that slides on the base plate is configured to be able to press the waste input from a hopper provided above the pusher against the rotary blade. A screen provided with a number of small holes is provided below the rotary blade.

The above-mentioned rotary blade is composed of a plurality of flat blades which are slightly oblique in the radial direction of the rotary rotor and slightly protrude from the recess at the mounting position. A number of V-grooves are provided, and square chips are provided as rotary blades via mounting members provided at appropriate positions in the V-grooves.

[0007]

As described above, in the single-shaft crusher, the fixed blade is provided only at one end of the base plate. Generally, a screen is provided below the rotary blade so that crushed dust and the like crushed by the crushing action with the rotary blade are passed through, and only those having a size equal to or less than a predetermined size are discharged.

However, since there is only one fixed blade, the rotary blade acts only once with the fixed blade, and when the crushing is not sufficient, coarse dust is lifted to the upper part of the rotary blade or rotated. Stays between the blade and the screen. For this reason, it has been desired to further increase the number of times of shearing with the rotary blade to improve the crushing force and the processing ability.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems in the conventional single-shaft crusher, and the conventional single-shaft crusher has only one fixed blade, whereas a plurality of rotary blades are provided on a rotary rotor; Uniaxial crushing with two fixed blades for primary and secondary crushing to ensure primary crushing and to be able to re-crush with the fixed blades for secondary crushing to enhance crushing power and improve performance To provide machines.

[0010]

According to the present invention, as a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a base plate is provided below a hopper for introducing waste, a primary crushing fixed blade is provided at an end of the base plate, and a base plate is provided. A circular rotary rotor having a plurality of square-shaped chip-shaped rotary blades on the same circumference and in the width direction is provided between the end and the side wall, and a pusher for pressing waste against the rotary blade is provided on the base plate. with slidably and move forward and backward freely provided above, provided the discharge screen having a large number of small holes below the rotating blade, said plurality
Of the rotating blade has a predetermined retreat angle with respect to the radial direction of the rotating rotor.
Each blade just before the rotating blade meshes with the fixed blade.
The angles are set so that the faces are parallel to each other.
In other words, a single-shaft crusher is provided in which a fixed blade for secondary crushing is provided at a position where the rotary blade has moved a predetermined angle on the inner periphery of the screen.

[0011] In the crushing machine having the above-mentioned structure, the waste put in from the hopper is pushed into the rotary blade by the pushing pusher to perform primary crushing. Since a plurality of rotary blades are provided, even if one rotary blade cannot sufficiently crush the waste, primary crushing is performed by the next rotary blade, and the waste crushed by the primary crushing is sufficiently narrowed. In this case, it is dropped from the small holes of the discharge screen and discharged.

The waste which has been subjected to primary crushing but has not been crushed sufficiently fine is moved by the rotary blade and re-crushed by the action of the secondary crushing fixed blade and the rotary blade provided at a position shifted by a predetermined angle. Is done. In this case, the primary crushed material that is sufficiently fine is discharged from the discharge screen.
Secondary break in which only the remaining waste meshes with the rotating blade forming the parallel blade surface
It is secondly crushed by the fixed blade for crushing, and is discharged from the discharge screen when crushed sufficiently finely. Therefore, the crushing force is strengthened by many times of shear crushing, and the processing capacity is improved.

In the uniaxial crusher according to the first aspect of the present invention, the fixed blade for secondary crushing may be provided at a symmetrical position with respect to the center point of the fixed blade for primary crushing and the rotating rotor. In this method, the waste that has been sufficiently finely crushed by the primary crushing is first discharged from the discharge screen, and the remaining waste is further crushed finely by the secondary crushing. Can be processed efficiently.

In the crusher of the present invention, packaging materials, plastics, films, sheets, glass fiber products, personal computer exteriors, refrigerators, leathers, papers, straws / woods, galvanized sheets, cables / cords, etc. , Light metal boxes, rubbers, electronic component waste, etc. are targeted for crushing.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view (including a partial cross-sectional portion) of a single-shaft crusher according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view as viewed from an arrow II-II in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a supply hopper, 2 is a main body frame, 3 is a push pusher, and 4 is a base plate. As shown in FIG. 2, the push-in pusher 3 is slidably provided on the base plate 4 and is capable of moving forward and backward. It is guided so that it does not float.

A rotary rotor 5 having a plurality of (four in the illustrated example) rotary blades 5a is installed between one end of the base plate 4 and the side wall of the main body frame 2, and the rotary plate 5 is sandwiched therebetween. Is provided with a first crushing fixed blade 6 and a second crushing fixed blade 7 symmetrically with respect to the rotor center point on the opposite side. A discharge screen 8 provided with a number of small holes is provided below the rotating rotor 5.

9 is a screw conveyor for sending the crushed material dropped from the discharge screen 8 in the lateral direction, 10 is a speed reducer connected to a protruding shaft on one side of the rotating rotor 5, 11
Is a motor for belt driving the speed reducer, and 12 is a hydraulic pump.

The hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump 12 is sent to a hydraulic cylinder 13 shown in FIG. 2, and a protruding piston 13a of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear end of the pusher 3 via a connecting arm 14, whereby the pusher is pushed. Numeral 3 is movable forward and backward.

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the rotating rotor 5.
A large number of V-shaped grooves 5c are provided on the outer periphery of the rotary rotor 5 at a predetermined pitch in parallel with each other, and a plurality of rotary blades 5a are provided in the V-shaped groove 5c via a mounting seat 5b. . The rotary blades 5a are arranged such that those provided in the adjacent V-shaped grooves 5c form a zigzag shape when their vertexes are connected to each other.

As shown in FIG. 4, the rotary blade 5a is formed in the shape of a quadrangular prism chip, and has a mounting screw hole at the center. (B) As shown in the figure, the rotary blade 5a is mounted on the mounting seat 5c arranged and fixed in the above-mentioned predetermined form by the screw bolt 5d. Therefore, the vertex P of the rotary blade 5a is provided so as to be slightly more protruding than the top of the V-shaped groove 5c of the rotary rotor 5.

Both the first crushing fixed blade 6 and the second crushing fixed blade 7 have a large number of V-shaped blades facing the V-shaped groove 5c of the rotary rotor 5 over a width substantially equal to the width of the rotary rotor 5. The fixed blades 6, 7 are formed so that a substantially square (or rhombic) space is formed when the V-shaped groove 5c of the rotary rotor 5 and the V-shaped blades of the fixed blades 6, 7 face each other. V-shaped blade is formed.

Therefore, the rotary blade 5a passes through the above-described substantially rectangular space, and shears and crushes the waste caught between the two ridges facing obliquely upward and the V-shaped blades of the fixed blades 6 and 7. Crush with Also, since the front and back surfaces of the rotary blade 5a are formed in parallel, when the edge ridge of the front surface is worn, it is remounted on the opposite surface and used repeatedly. For this reason, eight ridges of the rotary blade are used for shear crushing.

As shown in FIG. 4, the tip of the rotary blade 5a is attached to the rotary seat 5 at a receding angle α by providing the mounting seat 5c at an angle α with respect to the radial direction of the rotary rotor 5. . The inclined receding angle α is an angle selected so that the upper surface of the fixed blade 6 and the lower surface of the rotary blade 5a are parallel to each other immediately before the rotary blade 5a meshes with the fixed blade 6, as shown in FIG.

The fixed blade 7 is provided at a symmetrical position so that the angle relationship is exactly the same for the fixed blade 7 for the second crushing.

In the uniaxial crusher of the embodiment constructed as described above, waste is repeatedly subjected to primary crushing and secondary crushing by fixed blades 6 and 7 and a plurality of rotary blades 5a provided in two stages. Crush.

When waste is supplied from the supply hopper 1,
Before that, the pushing pusher 3 that has been retracted is advanced to push the waste material against the rotating rotor 5. The plurality of rotary blades 5a of the rotary rotor 5 rotate and bite between the stationary blades 6 for primary crushing so as to bite waste, and are finely crushed by shear crushing.

The waste crushed sufficiently finely by the primary crushing is extruded onto a discharge screen 8, falls through a number of small holes of the screen, and is discharged laterally by a screw conveyor 9.

[0028] However, there is always included a material that is not fine enough to be able to pass through the mesh of the screen 8 in the primary crushing, and these wastes cannot pass through the screen 8 and are pushed by the rotary blade 5a to be screened. Moves on the inner peripheral surface of.

In the crushing machine of this embodiment, the waste moved by the rotary blade 5a is re-engaged by the secondary crushing fixed blade 7 to be crushed secondarily and crushed sufficiently finely. Therefore, these secondary crushed wastes fall downward and pass through the mesh of the discharge screen 8 and are discharged. Therefore,
In this crusher, the crushing of waste is finer than before, and the crushing power and the processing capacity are improved by increasing the number of shear crushing.

Further, as described above, the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blades 6 and 7 are attached with the rotary blade 5a inclined at a receding angle of α so that the lower surface and the upper surface of the rotary blade 5a are in the same parallel plane immediately before the lower surface and the upper surface of the rotary blade 5a mesh with each other. Have been. Therefore, since the rotary blade 5a and the fixed blade 6 are meshed with each other so as to accurately crush the waste by shear crushing, the cutting force is enhanced by complete shearing.
Performance improvement is obtained.

[0031]

As described in detail above, the single-shaft crusher of the present invention is for primary crushing in which a rotary blade having a parallel blade surface meshes with a rotary rotor having a rotary blade provided between a base plate and a side wall. The fixed blade for secondary crushing and the fixed blade for secondary crushing are provided in two stages, so when the waste is pushed into the rotary blade with a pushing pusher, the waste is reduced to a predetermined size by the fixed blade for primary crushing and the rotary blade. Crushed,
The waste which has not been sufficiently finely crushed is further crushed again by the secondary crushing fixed blade and the rotary blade, so that the number of shearing increases and the crushing power and the processing ability are improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an external perspective view including a partial cross section of a uniaxial crusher according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view near a rotating rotor.

FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of a rotary blade and a sectional view thereof.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an operation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Supply hopper 2 Main body frame 3 Pushing pusher 4 Base plate 5 Rotating rotor 5a Rotating blade 6 First crushing fixed blade 7 Second crushing fixed blade 8 Discharge screen 9 Screw conveyor 10 Reduction gear 11 Motor 12 Hydraulic pump 13 Hydraulic cylinder 14 Connecting arm

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-8-299831 (JP, A) JP-A 54-18780 (JP, U) JP-A-5-13410 (JP, Y2) German patent application published 4242740 (DE, A1) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B02C 18/00-18/44

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A base plate below a hopper for charging waste, a fixed blade for primary crushing at an end of the base plate, and a plurality of chip-shaped square pillars between an end of the base plate and a side wall. of the rotary blade to provide a circular rotary rotor having the same circumference and on the width direction, waste with a provided push pusher for pressing the rotary blade freely slidably and move forward and backward on the base plate, the rotary blade the discharge screen having a large number of small holes downwardly disposed, rotation of the plurality
The blade is inclined at a predetermined retreat angle with respect to the radial direction of the rotating rotor
Just before the rotating blade meshes with the fixed blade,
A uniaxial crusher comprising a fixed blade for secondary crushing provided at a position where a rotary blade has moved a predetermined angle on the inner periphery of the screen. 2. The uniaxial crusher according to claim 1, wherein the fixed blade for secondary crushing is provided at a position symmetrical to the fixed blade for primary crushing at the end of the base plate with respect to the center point of the rotating rotor. .