JP5279118B2 - Unpacking machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention flops la stick system relates unpacking machine for dismantling the bale body was packed compacted waste material such as paper square again, more particularly, rotary dismantling means bale member inserted from above It relates to a small and economical unpacking machine that dismantles more efficiently.

  A large amount of baggage waste discharged from ordinary households, business establishments, and public facilities is first transported to the primary treatment facility, where it is put into a bag breaker and plastics such as garbage bags and plastic bottles, and others. Are sorted into garbage, paper, fibers, etc. Since the recovered plastics are bulky, they are formed into a rectangular compressed package that is convenient for transportation by a compression packaging machine. This increases the specific gravity from about 0.02 to 0.2 or more. A general compressed package is 1000 mm square (weight is about 350 kg).

  Since the waste plastic compression package is a high-calorie combustible material, it may be transported to the secondary treatment facility and put into the incinerator as it is, or it may be dismantled for more detailed sorting. An unpacking machine is used to disassemble the compressed package, and is also called a crusher. Further, the waste plastic compression package is also called a bale.

  A general unpacking machine is a horizontal conveyance two-stage unpacking machine shown in Non-Patent Document 1. In this unpacking machine, a compressed package that is conveyed in a horizontal direction by a belt conveyor is sequentially scraped from the front by a plurality of horizontal scraping rollers (doughing rollers) arranged in the vertical direction on the delivery side of the conveyor. The compressed package is finely disassembled by finely shearing the harvested material between small and large horizontal rolls called lower decimators.

http://oharacorp.co.jp/kankyo/san/bbu/bbu.html

  In this unpacking machine, it is necessary to adjust the disassembly speed (processing speed) by the belt conveyor, and it is difficult to continuously discharge the disassembled articles having the same size. In other words, it is difficult to adjust the amount of discharge according to the workpiece. For this reason, processing on the downstream side becomes difficult. Since a horizontal transfer conveyor is required, the apparatus becomes large and requires a large installation space. In addition, since three main components, that is, a belt conveyor, a doffing roller, and a declum bar are required, the structure is complicated, and the weight is bulky and expensive.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an unpacking machine that enables a highly efficient and stable dismantling operation, is small in size, has a simple structure, and is inexpensive.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the unpacking machine of the present invention is an unpacking machine that again dismantles the compressed packing body that has been packed by pressing the waste material into a square shape. A casing that discharges the waste material from the bottom, a rotary dismantling means that rotates around the horizontal axis in the casing and dismantles the compressed packing body, and is arranged along the rotating shaft on both sides of the rotary dismantling means. Is provided with a plurality of fixed blades attached to the casing toward the rotary demolition means, the rotary demolition means has a plurality of triangular blade portions that exhibit a tearing function when rotating in one direction, There are a plurality of first rotary blades provided on the outer peripheral portion eccentrically so as to be farther away from the center of rotation toward the rear in the cutting rotation direction, and a plurality of triangular blade portions that exhibit a tearing function when rotating in the other direction. , Cutting rotation direction backward A plurality of second rotary blades eccentrically provided on the outer peripheral portion so as to be separated from the rotation center are arranged in a mixed manner in the rotation axis direction, and rotary dismantling between the fixed blades on both sides By repeating the forward and reverse rotation of the means, the compressed package is disassembled on the disassembling means.

  In the unpacking machine of the present invention, the compressed package is put on the disassembly means from above the rotary disassembly means. The rotary dismantling means has two types of rotary blades arranged in a mixed manner in the rotation axis direction. One rotary blade is a circular saw blade-shaped first rotary blade that exhibits a tearing function when rotated in one direction, and the other is a circular saw blade-shaped first rotary blade that exhibits a tearing function when rotated in the opposite direction. 2 rotary blades. In any of the rotary blades, the triangular blade portion is eccentrically provided on the outer peripheral portion so as to be farther away from the rotation center toward the rear in the cutting rotation direction.

  In order to increase the disassembly efficiency of the compressed package, the casing preferably has an inclined guide at the top for feeding the compressed package in an inclined state from above one side of the rotary disassembly means onto the disassembly means. By inserting the compressed package from an oblique direction, the master-slave relationship in the rotational direction of the rotary disassembly means becomes clear, and the disassembly efficiency increases.

  When the rotary dismantling means rotates in the direction toward the compressed packing body that is thrown from the upper side of the rotary disassembling means, and the reverse rotation is when it rotates in the opposite direction, When the rotary dismantling means is pressed by its own weight and the rotating dismantling means rotates in the forward direction in this state, the compressed package is disassembled from below by the first rotating blade, and further, by the fixed blade existing on the rotating side, It is dismantled finely. The inclined compressed package is pressed and fixed to the inclined side, so that the disassembly efficiency is increased. In addition, since the plurality of triangular blade portions in the first rotary blade are farther away from the center of rotation as they are rearward in the cutting rotation direction, they deeply bite into the compression package as the first rotary blade rotates. Therefore, dismantling efficiency improves.

  When rotation of the rotary dismantling means in the forward direction is continued a predetermined number of times, the rotating dismantling means is rotated in the reverse direction. The rotation in the reverse direction may be about one rotation. That is, several forward rotations and one reverse rotation are repeated. By rotating in the reverse direction, the compressed package is disassembled and its position changes. When the position of the compressed package is changed, the disassembly efficiency is further improved by the rotation-type disassembly means rotating in the forward direction. By repeating this, due to the mutual relationship between the rotary dismantling means and the fixed blades on both sides, not only the compressed package is dismantled, but also the efficient and stable image of peeling and loosening the adhering waste materials Demolition takes place. Incidentally, in the unpacking machine shown in Non-Patent Document 1, a heavy load dismantling operation of an image of breaking and cutting is performed.

  The inclination angle of the inclination guide in the casing is preferably in the range of 35 to 45 degrees with respect to the vertical line. When the inclination angle is small, the master-slave relationship in the rotation direction of the rotary dismantling means is not clarified, and the dismantling efficiency does not increase. Conversely, if it is too large, the weight of the compressed package is not sufficiently added to the rotary dismantling means, and the disassembling efficiency is lowered.

  As for the first rotary blade and the second rotary blade in the rotary dismantling means, disposing efficiency is such that all the rotary blades are arranged so that the circumferential phase of the blade portion changes stepwise in the same direction in the axial direction. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improvement and stabilization of dismantling work. Similarly, it is preferable to alternately arrange the first rotary blades and the second rotary blades in the rotation axis direction from the viewpoint of improving the dismantling efficiency and stabilizing the rotation work. Moreover, it is preferable that the rotary blades and the fixed blades in the rotary dismantling means are arranged alternately displaced in the rotation axis direction.

  The unpacking machine of the present invention cuts by a combination of forward and reverse rotation of a rotary disassembly means combining a first rotary blade in the forward direction and a second rotary blade in the reverse direction and fixed blades arranged on both sides thereof. Without cutting or cutting, the image is efficiently and stably dismantled by catching and tearing away the waste material. In addition, the forward / reverse rotation pattern can be easily changed along with the number of rotations, and it can be applied to workpieces of various dimensions and properties, and can be discharged quantitatively according to the workpiece, facilitating downstream work. . Furthermore, since the structure is simple and small, the installation space is small, and it is lightweight, so it is easy to transport and inexpensive.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an unpacking machine showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view of the unpacking machine, FIG. 3 is a transverse plan view of the unpacking machine, and FIG. FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 are schematic side views showing stepwise the dismantling operation of the compression package in the unpacking machine.

  The unpacking machine according to the present embodiment is used for re-disassembling the compressed package 10 in which the plastic waste material generated by breaking bag-filled garbage is pressed into a square shape and packed as shown in FIGS. Is done. The unpacking machine includes a casing 20 into which the compressed packing body 10 is charged, and a rotary dismantling means 30 provided in the casing 20. The casing 20 includes a rectangular hopper 21 whose upper and lower surfaces are completely open, and a rectangular inclined guide 22 connected to the upper side of the hopper 21. The hopper 21 includes side walls 23, 23 on both sides whose upper part is inclined outward, and end plates 24, 24 that close both ends between the side walls 23, 23. The upper portions of the side walls 23 are inclined outward.

  The inclined guide 22 of the casing 20 has a rectangular tube-shaped inclined inlet 25 for introducing the compressed package 10 into the hopper 21 from obliquely above. The lower guide surface 26 of the inclined inlet 25 is continuous with the inclined portion of the side wall 23 on one side of the hopper 21, and the upper guide surface 27 is parallel to the lower guide surface 26. The lateral width of the inclined inlet 25 and the distance between the guide surfaces 26 and 27 correspond to the compressed package 10 having a maximum width of 1400 mm and a maximum depth of 1300 mm. By the way, the size of the illustrated compressed package 10 is 1000 mm square. The tilt angle of the tilt inlet 15 with respect to the vertical line is 35 degrees here. On the inclined side (packaging body input side) of the casing 20, a gantry 40 for temporarily placing the compressed packaging body 10 is provided.

  A plurality of fixed blades 50 are mounted side by side below the inclined portions of the side walls 23, 23 on both sides of the hopper 21. Details of the fixed blade 50 will be described after the rotary disassembly means 30 is described.

  The rotary dismantling means 30 is a first rotating shaft 31 provided in parallel between the side walls 23, 23 on both sides of the hopper 21, and the first rotating shaft 31 mounted alternately at a predetermined interval in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 31. A rotating body 32 and a second rotating body 33 are provided. The rotary shaft 31 is rotationally driven at an arbitrary speed and pattern in both forward and reverse directions by an electric motor 34 with a speed reducer attached to one outer side of the end plates 24 and 24. The first rotating body 32 and the second rotating body 33 are attached in the same manner, but are the same. The shape will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 taking the first rotating body 32 as an example.

  The first rotating body 32 has a plurality of triangular blade portions 35 that are connected in the outer circumferential surface circumferential direction over about a half circumference. Each of the triangular blade portions 35 is formed of a vertical surface 36 in the radial direction and an inclined surface 37 whose distance from the center of the shape gradually decreases from the top of the vertical surface toward the rear in the positive direction. Here, the positive direction is the direction of rotation of the rotating shaft 31 indicated by an arrow in FIGS. The first rotating body 32 is eccentrically attached to the rotating shaft 31 so that the plurality of triangular blade portions 35 arranged in the circumferential direction are arranged such that the distance from the center of rotation increases toward the rear in the positive direction. The Thereby, the 1st rotary body 32 exhibits a tearing function, when the rotating shaft 31 rotates to a positive direction.

  The second rotating body 33 is the same as the first rotating body 32, and is attached to the rotating shaft 31 with the first rotating body 32 facing down. Thereby, the 2nd rotary body 33 exhibits a tearing function, when the rotating shaft 31 rotates to a reverse direction. Next, the attachment form of the 1st rotary body 32 and the 2nd rotary body 33 is demonstrated with FIG.3 and FIG.4.

  The first rotating body 32 and the second rotating body 33 are alternately arranged at equal intervals in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 31. More specifically, the first rotating body 32, the second rotating body 33, the first rotating body 32, the second rotating body 33, and the first rotating body 32 are arranged in this order from the electric motor 34 side. The four first rotating bodies 32 that exhibit the tearing function when the rotating shaft 31 rotates in the forward direction are arranged so that the phases in the circumferential direction are shifted by 90 degrees in order. The three second rotating bodies 33 that exhibit a tearing function when the rotating shaft 31 rotates in the opposite direction are also arranged in such a manner that the phases in the circumferential direction are shifted in order.

  Further, the level connecting the lower ends of the inclined portions on both sides of the hopper 21 is above the rotation center of the rotary dismantling means 20. The offset and the offset amount are important from the viewpoint of disassembly efficiency, and are set to 110 mm here.

  The fixed blade 50 is disposed between each of the first rotating body 32 and the second rotating body 33 that are alternately attached to the rotating shaft 31. Each of the fixed blades 50 is inserted into the hopper with its tip portion passing through the side wall 23 of the hopper 21 horizontally, and the tip portion is a blade portion whose upper edge is inclined downward toward the tip. The insertion amount and height of the plurality of fixed blades 50 arranged on each side can be adjusted. Here, the insertion amount is set so as to overlap with the triangular blade portion 35 away from the center of the rotary blades 32 and 33. Has been. The position in the height direction is an upper and lower two-stage arrangement with alternately different heights.

  Next, operation | movement of the unpacking machine of this embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIGS.

  First, as shown in FIG. 5A, the compressed package 10 is loaded into the inclined guide 22 of the casing 20 from the gantry 40 by forklift, belt conveyor, or direct loading. At this time, the rotary dismantling means 30 in the hopper 21 is rotating in the forward direction. The charged compressed package 10 is guided by the lower guide surface 26 of the inclined guide 22 and comes into contact with the rotary disassembling means 30 in the hopper 21 with its own weight while being inclined at an angle corresponding to the lower guide surface 26. .

  Then, as shown in FIGS. 5B and 6A, the compressed package 10 is disassembled from the lower surface by scraping with the four first rotary blades 32 in the rotary disassembly means 30. At the same time, as the triangular blade portions 35 of the first rotary blade 32 pass through both sides of the fixed blade 50 attached to the inclined side wall 23 of the casing 20, the scraped waste plastic material is further finely divided. During this time, the compressed package 10 is pressed against the lower guide surface 26 and is not exposed in the inclined guide 22, so that the disassembly efficiency is high also in this respect. The offset described above affects the dismantling function here, and if it is too large or too small, it causes a decrease in dismantling efficiency.

  When the forward rotation driving of the rotary dismantling means 30 continues several times, as shown in FIG. 6B, the rotating dismantling means 30 rotates once or twice in the reverse direction. Then, the compressed package 10 is disassembled by the fixed blade 50 on the side opposite to the second rotary blade 33. At this time, the movement of the compressed package 10 is restricted by the upper guide surface 27. This reverse rotation operation is important in terms of changing the position of the compressed package 10, particularly the position in the direction of the rotation axis, and separating the material entangled with the rotary disassembly means 30, and dismantling is continued during this time.

  When the reverse rotation operation of the rotary demolition means 30 is completed, the rotary demolition means 30 returns to the normal rotation operation again as shown in FIG. Thereby, the disassembly of the compressed package 10 is continued again with the first rotary blade 32 and the fixed blade 50 on the rotation side. Since the position of the compressed package 10 has changed, the disassembly efficiency increases. If only the rotary dismantling means 30 is rotated forward, the first rotating blade 32 scrapes the same portion, so that the disassembling efficiency does not increase. By performing several forward rotation operations with one or two reverse rotation operations in between, the compressed package 10 is efficiently disassembled with the image of being loosened. The material made fine by dismantling is quantitatively discharged under the hopper 21 at a constant speed.

The diameter of each of the first rotary blade 32 and the second rotary blade 33 is about 1000 mm, the arrangement pitch thereof is about 200 mm, the rotation pattern and the rotation speed can be changed, and the rotation pattern is one reverse rotation with respect to two normal rotations. When a 1000 mm square compressed package is disassembled under the condition of a rotation speed of 30 Hz, a quantitative process of 4.5 tons / hour is possible. Moreover, due to the simple structure, the installation area is within 3 m × 3 m (9 m ² ), the height is 3 m, the weight is about 3 tons, the transportation is easy, and the manufacturing cost is very low. In addition, one motor is as small as 7.5 kW, and it is inverter controlled, so it is energy saving.

It is a perspective view of the unpacking machine which shows one Embodiment of this invention. It is a vertical side view of the unpacking machine. It is a cross-sectional plan view of the unpacking machine. It is a perspective view of the rotary dismantling means currently used for the unpacking machine. (A) (b) is a schematic side view which shows stepwise the disassembly operation | movement of the compression package body in the same unpacking machine. (A) (b) is a schematic side view which shows stepwise the disassembly operation | movement of the compression package body in the same unpacking machine. It is a model side view which shows the disassembly operation | movement of the compression package body in the same unpacking machine in steps.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Compression package 20 Casing 21 Hopper 22 Inclination guide 25 Inclination slot 26 Lower guide surface 27 Upper guide surface 30 Rotary dismantling means 31 Rotating shaft 32 1st rotation blade 33 2nd rotation blade 35 Triangular blade part 40 Mounting frame 50 Fixed blade

Claims (6)

An unpacking machine that dismantles a compressed package that has been packed by pressing the waste material into a square,
A casing that introduces the compressed package from the top and discharges the scrap material after disassembly from the bottom, a rotary disassembly means that rotates around the horizontal axis in the casing and disassembles the compressed package, and both sides sandwiching the rotary disassembly means And a plurality of fixed blades each mounted along the rotation axis and attached to the casing toward the rotary dismantling means,
The rotary dismantling means includes a plurality of triangular blades that are provided on the outer peripheral portion so that a plurality of triangular blade portions that exhibit a tearing function when rotating in one direction are eccentric from the rotation center toward the rear in the cutting rotation direction. The first rotary blade and a plurality of triangular blade portions that exhibit a tearing function when rotating in the other direction are provided eccentrically on the outer peripheral portion so as to be farther away from the rotation center toward the rear in the cutting rotation direction. A configuration in which a plurality of second rotary blades are mixedly arranged in the rotation axis direction,
An unpacking machine characterized in that a rotary packing disassembly means repeats forward and reverse rotation between fixed blades on both sides to dismantle a compressed packing body on the disassembling means. 2. The unpacking machine according to claim 1, wherein the casing has an inclined guide at an upper portion for feeding the compressed package in an inclined state from above one side of the rotary disassembling means onto the disassembling means.   The unpacking machine of Claim 2 WHEREIN: The unpacking machine whose inclination | tilt angle of the inclination guide in a casing exists in the range of 35-45 degree | times with respect to a perpendicular line.   The unpacking machine according to claim 1, wherein the first rotary blade and the second rotary blade in the rotary dismantling means are arranged so that the circumferential phase of the blade portion changes stepwise in the same direction in the axial direction. Unpacking machine.   The unpacking machine according to claim 1, wherein the first rotary blade and the second rotary blade in the rotary dismantling means are alternately arranged in the rotation axis direction.   The unpacking machine of Claim 1 WHEREIN: The unpacking machine by which the rotary blade and fixed blade in a rotary type | formula disassembly means are arrange | positioned by being displaced alternately in the rotating shaft direction.

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