CN110252482B - Spiral crusher - Google Patents
Spiral crusher Download PDFInfo
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- CN110252482B CN110252482B CN201910541496.6A CN201910541496A CN110252482B CN 110252482 B CN110252482 B CN 110252482B CN 201910541496 A CN201910541496 A CN 201910541496A CN 110252482 B CN110252482 B CN 110252482B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 56
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002306 biochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011197 physicochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C2018/162—Shape or inner surface of shredder-housings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a spiral crusher, which comprises a frame, a crushing cylinder, a crushing mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein a first sealing gate and a second sealing gate are detachably arranged in the crushing cylinder, the first sealing gate and the second sealing gate divide the space in the crushing cylinder into a sealing bin and a crushing bin, the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin in a penetrating way, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity and a crushing shaft horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity, the crushing shaft and a discharge hole are coaxially arranged, the problem that the conventional crusher can only crush general garbage but cannot be suitable for dangerous solid waste treatment is solved, and the spiral crusher is not only suitable for dangerous solid waste treatment, but also realizes mixing and material conveying of solid waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a spiral crusher.
Background
Solid waste treatment, which generally refers to the process of converting solid waste into suitable transportation, storage, utilization or disposal by physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical and biochemical methods, aims at harmlessness, reduction and recycling. In order to reduce the appearance of the waste entering the incinerator, landfill site, composting system and the like, the solid waste is required to be crushed in advance, and the crushed waste is uniform in size and texture due to the elimination of large gaps, so that the solid waste is beneficial to compaction in the landfill process.
The crushing methods of solid wastes are many, and mainly include impact crushing, shearing crushing, extrusion crushing, friction crushing, low-temperature crushing, mixing crushing and the like. The most effective solid waste crushers are shear crushers, and for landfill and compost waste, screw roller crushers are more effective.
Aiming at various solid waste crushing requirements, the solid waste crushing equipment industry develops spiral roller solid waste crushers with single shaft, double shaft, four shafts and the like. CN205182844U discloses a spiral crusher, which comprises a frame, fixedly mounted with smashes the barrel in the frame, rotate in the frame and install by power device driven rotor, be equipped with feed section, tear section and shearing section in proper order along the axial in the crushing barrel, offered the feed inlet on the crushing barrel that is located the feed section, offered the discharge gate at the tail end of smashing the barrel, be equipped with the pay-off spiral on the rotor that is located the feed section, can realize the breakage of soft or stronger object of toughness, improved domestic waste's throughput. CN104353531a discloses a conical spiral crusher, the crusher comprises a conical shell and a main rotating shaft installed in the conical shell, spiral fan blades are fixed on the main rotating shaft, a connecting gear is installed at one end of the main rotating shaft extending out of the conical shell, the connecting gear is meshed with a gear on an output shaft of a motor, the crusher occupies small space, crushed particles are uniform, dust generated during crushing can be prevented from drifting into air due to measures taken by a feeding hole and a discharging hole, a certain environmental protection effect is achieved, a window is further arranged on the shell, the machine can be periodically checked and cleaned, and the service life of the machine is prolonged. The crusher can crush general garbage, but is not suitable for dangerous solid waste treatment. In the process of realizing the embodiment of the application, the inventor finds that the current crusher is single in function, generally has only a crushing function, cannot realize mixing and conveying materials, and cannot be suitable for dangerous solid waste treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a spiral crusher, which comprises a frame, a crushing cylinder, a crushing mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein a first sealing gate and a second sealing gate are detachably arranged in the crushing cylinder, the first sealing gate and the second sealing gate divide the space in the crushing cylinder into a sealing bin and a crushing bin, the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin in a penetrating way, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity and a crushing shaft horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity, and the crushing shaft and a discharge hole are coaxially arranged.
A gyratory crusher, comprising:
a frame;
the crushing cylinder body is fixedly arranged on the frame; the top of the crushing cylinder body is provided with a feed hopper; a first sealing gate and a second sealing gate are detachably arranged in the crushing cylinder; the first sealing gate and the second sealing gate divide the space in the crushing cylinder into a sealing bin and a crushing bin; the side wall of the crushing cylinder body is provided with a first air inlet, a first air outlet and a first explosion venting port, and the first air inlet, the first air outlet and the first explosion venting port are communicated with the sealing bin; the side wall of the crushing cylinder body is provided with a discharge hole which is communicated with the crushing bin, and a discharge gate is arranged in the discharge hole;
the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin in a penetrating mode, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity and a crushing shaft horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity, and the crushing shaft and the discharge hole are coaxially arranged;
the driving mechanism is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body and drives the crushing shaft to rotate.
The existing all kinds of single-shaft and double-shaft solid waste crushers only have the crushing function and single function. The materials pass through the crusher from top to bottom, and are cut and crushed through the cutter teeth, so that the two-stage crushing is required to be designed for obtaining the materials with smaller granularity, and the cost is high. The spiral crusher provided by the embodiment of the invention can crush, mix, compress and discharge solid wastes, is suitable for crushing building wastes, crushing wood supporting plates, extruding and volume-reducing corrugated paper wastes and the like, is also suitable for crushing dangerous solid wastes such as packaged dangerous wastes loaded in 200L standard steel barrels and IBC ton barrels, and can be also applied to a crushing system of a dangerous waste rotary kiln pretreatment system. Wherein, the frame plays the supporting role, and sealed storehouse and crushing storehouse form airtight space through first sealed gate and second sealed gate, can prevent waste gas waste liquid's seepage. Before solid waste enters the sealed bin from the feed hopper, the sealed bin is filled with nitrogen through the first air inlet, and after the nitrogen filled reaches the standard, the first sealing gate is opened, so that the solid waste to be treated falls into the sealed bin. Simultaneously, the first air inlet continuously fills nitrogen into the sealed bin. After the nitrogen filling reaches the standard, the second sealing gate is opened to enable the solid waste to fall into the crushing bin. And continuously charging nitrogen in the whole crushing process of the solid waste in the crushing bin, wherein the crushing process is protected by nitrogen. The crushing mechanism can repeatedly crush and mix materials. After the crushing is finished, the discharging gate is opened, the crushing shaft extrudes the crushed solid waste into the discharging hole pipeline through the spiral compression effect, the crushed solid waste is conveyed to the next process, and the whole process is completely sealed, so that secondary pollution is avoided. It should be noted that, before solid waste gets into sealed storehouse from the feeder hopper, sealed storehouse fills nitrogen through first air inlet, waits to fill after nitrogen up to standard, and first sealing gate opens, and when opening, sealed storehouse has the malleation, and nitrogen gas can leak, and the nitrogen filling before getting into sealed storehouse is in order to ensure that the material in the sealed storehouse can be in inert gas's protection all the time, waits that the below breaker is broken the back of finishing the material of previous batch, and the material of sealed storehouse just falls into the crushing room down. The first explosion venting port can prevent the explosion of the sealed cabin. The driving mechanism can be a hydraulic station, a motor and other power sources in various forms, and the common technology in the field can be adopted. The material can be put into the feeding hopper by arranging a lifting machine, a belt conveyor and the like, and the feeding hopper can be designed in a modified mode according to actual requirements, such as a side inclination angle, an opening size and the like. The discharging gate has the function of cutting off materials, can prevent the gate from being blocked and can be driven by a hydraulic cylinder.
Preferably, the crushing blades are spirally and circumferentially arranged on the outer surface of the crushing shaft.
The size of the crushing blade can be designed according to the requirement, so that the crushing performance is improved while the manufacturing cost is saved. The blade diameter can be gradual change, and the crushing blade of gradual change can prevent dangerous solid waste's barreled material from skidding or the frame material on the spiral, can effectively carry out the interlock of different size openings to the steel drum.
Further preferably, the crushing blade is provided with a movable cutter tooth.
The design of moving the sword tooth can increase the interlock to the material, promotes crushing effect. The movable cutter teeth are regularly distributed in the axial direction, so that materials can be frequently meshed with the movable cutter teeth, and the crushing effect is improved.
Preferably, the surface of the crushing cavity body is provided with fixed cutter teeth.
The fixed cutter teeth are matched with the movable cutter teeth, so that materials can be hooked for cutting and extrusion, the crushing effect is improved, the fixed cutter teeth and the movable cutter teeth are made of high-strength wear-resistant materials, and welding repair can be performed after abrasion.
Preferably, the crushing cavity comprises a first crushing cavity and a second crushing cavity, and the first crushing cavity and the second crushing cavity are horizontally and adjacently arranged; the crushing shaft comprises a first crushing shaft and a second crushing shaft; the first crushing shaft is arranged in the first crushing cavity and is rotationally connected with the first crushing cavity; the second crushing shaft is arranged in the second crushing cavity and is rotationally connected with the second crushing cavity; the first crushing shaft and the second crushing shaft relatively rotate; the first crushing shaft or the second crushing shaft is coaxially arranged with the discharge hole.
The crushing path of solid waste is prolonged by the arrangement of the first crushing shaft and the second crushing shaft, and the crushing effect is improved.
During normal operation, the first crushing shaft and the second crushing shaft rotate relatively, namely rotate towards the center of the crusher at the same time, the extrusion direction extrudes along the small-diameter end from the large-diameter end, and the crushing blades bite and extrude materials through the design of reducing and changing the pitch. When the crushing blade extrudes the material, the passive cutter teeth always catch the material, namely the material is subjected to radial shearing action in the axial extrusion process. The hooked material moves to the fixed cutter teeth along with the movable cutter teeth, the movable cutter teeth and the fixed cutter teeth further cut off the material at the moment, and the cut material moves forwards again under the extrusion action of the crushing blades until the next time of being hooked by the movable cutter teeth.
Further preferably, the first pulverizing shaft is a tapered shaft.
Further preferably, the second pulverizing shaft is a tapered shaft.
The conical shaft is designed to move the extruded material in the crushing cavity from the larger diameter end to the smaller diameter end.
Still further preferably, the first crushing shaft has a length greater than that of the second crushing shaft, and this design can save manufacturing costs.
Further preferably, the first crushing cavity is a conical crushing cavity, the second crushing cavity is a conical crushing cavity, and the vertex direction of the first crushing cavity is opposite to the vertex direction of the second crushing cavity. The conical crushing cavity can guide the materials in the conical crushing cavity to move from the large diameter direction to the small diameter direction. The first crushing cavity is communicated with the second crushing cavity, and materials in the first crushing cavity and the second crushing cavity can be crushed in a circulating and reciprocating mode through the arrangement. Specifically, when the material is extruded from the large diameter end of the conical shaft to the small diameter end, the first crushing shaft and the discharge hole are coaxially arranged, the material cannot be extruded out of the crushing bin due to the closing of the discharge gate, so that the material is accumulated in the crushing cavity and is continuously crushed, when the accumulation is excessive, the movement of the spiral shaft can throw the material to the large diameter end of the second crushing shaft, and on the second crushing shaft, the material is directly thrown to the large diameter end of the first crushing shaft by the crushing blades, the material in the crushing cavity forms a fixed flow, and the flow direction is the large diameter end of the first crushing shaft, the small diameter end of the second crushing shaft and the large diameter end of the first crushing shaft.
Preferably, the spiral crusher further comprises a shifting mechanism, wherein the shifting mechanism is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body and below the crushing shaft, and the shifting mechanism is detachably connected with the crushing shaft.
The shifting mechanism is a shifting vehicle and is used for maintaining the crushing shaft, the shifting vehicle can be driven by a motor or a hydraulic cylinder and other driving modes, and the shifting vehicle is arranged below crushing, so that a guide rail can be arranged below the shifting vehicle according to requirements, the whole crushing shaft can be pushed out from the crushing mechanism, and the crushing shaft can be conveniently maintained. The shifting vehicle can be provided with a hydraulic cylinder or a jack for ejecting the crushing shaft from the crushing mechanism, has the function of adjusting the radial installation position of the shaft, and is convenient for the accurate butt joint of the shaft and the crusher main body. The displacement carriage may be provided as one or two, i.e. below each axle.
Preferably, a second air inlet and a second explosion venting port are formed in the side wall of the crushing cylinder body, and the second air inlet and the second explosion venting port are communicated with the crushing bin. The second air inlet is used for introducing nitrogen into the crushing bin. The second explosion venting port is used for preventing explosion of the crushing bin possibly caused by the pressure rise of the crushing bin due to unexpected reasons.
Advantageous effects of the embodiment of the invention
1. The screw crusher provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a frame, a crushing cylinder, a crushing mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein a first sealing gate and a second sealing gate are detachably arranged in the crushing cylinder, the first sealing gate and the second sealing gate divide the space in the crushing cylinder into a sealing bin and a crushing bin, the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin in a penetrating way, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity and a crushing shaft horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity, and the crushing shaft and a discharge hole are coaxially arranged, so that the problem that the conventional crusher can only crush general garbage but cannot be suitable for dangerous solid waste treatment is solved;
2. the spiral crusher provided by the embodiment of the invention is not only suitable for the treatment of dangerous solid wastes, but also realizes the mixing and material conveying of solid wastes;
3. the spiral crusher provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high safety performance, low matched manufacturing cost and compact structure, and can reduce the occupied area of a crushing system;
4. the design of the conical crushing cavity, the conical crushing shaft and the crushing blades can prevent materials such as steel barrels from slipping and being supported on the spiral, and the production efficiency can be further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a screw crusher according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pulverizing mechanism B-B.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the comminution mechanism A-A.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a pulverizing shaft.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the displacement mechanism.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a spiral crusher, which comprises a frame, a crushing cylinder, a crushing mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein a first sealing gate and a second sealing gate are detachably arranged in the crushing cylinder, the first sealing gate and the second sealing gate divide the space in the crushing cylinder into a sealing bin and a crushing bin, the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin in a penetrating way, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity and a crushing shaft horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity, and the crushing shaft and a discharge hole are coaxially arranged.
In order to better understand the above technical solution, the following describes the above technical solution in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A gyratory crusher, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
a frame 10;
a crushing cylinder fixedly arranged on the frame 10; a feed hopper 210 is arranged at the top of the crushing cylinder; the crushing cylinder is detachably provided with a first sealing gate 220 and a second sealing gate 230; the first and second sealing gates 220 and 230 divide the space inside the pulverizing cylinder into a sealing bin 240 and a pulverizing bin 250; the side wall of the crushing cylinder is provided with a first air inlet 260, a first air outlet 270 and a first explosion venting port 280, and the first air inlet 260, the first air outlet 270 and the first explosion venting port 280 are communicated with the sealing bin 240; a discharge port 290 is formed in the side wall of the crushing cylinder, the discharge port 290 is communicated with the crushing bin 250, and a discharge gate 310 is arranged in the discharge port 290;
the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin 250 in a penetrating way, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity 330 and a crushing shaft 320 horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity 330, and the crushing shaft 320 and the discharge hole 290 are coaxially arranged;
the driving mechanism is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body and drives the crushing shaft 320 to rotate.
The existing all kinds of single-shaft and double-shaft solid waste crushers only have the crushing function and single function. The materials pass through the crusher from top to bottom, and are cut and crushed through the cutter teeth, so that the two-stage crushing is required to be designed for obtaining the materials with smaller granularity, and the cost is high. The spiral crusher provided by the embodiment of the invention can crush, mix, compress and discharge solid wastes, is suitable for crushing building wastes, crushing wood supporting plates, extruding and volume-reducing corrugated paper wastes and the like, is also suitable for crushing dangerous solid wastes such as packaged dangerous wastes loaded in 200L standard steel barrels and IBC ton barrels, and can be also applied to a crushing system of a dangerous waste rotary kiln pretreatment system. Wherein, the frame 10 plays a supporting role, the sealing bin 240 and the crushing bin 250 form a closed space through the first sealing gate 220 and the second sealing gate 230, and leakage of waste gas and waste liquid can be prevented. Before the solid waste enters the sealed bin 240 from the feed hopper 210, the sealed bin 240 is filled with nitrogen through the first air inlet 260, and after the nitrogen is filled up to the standard, the first sealing gate 220 is opened, so that the solid waste to be treated falls into the sealed bin 240. At the same time, the first air inlet 260 continues to charge nitrogen into the sealed compartment 240. After the nitrogen filling reaches the standard, the second sealing gate 230 is opened to enable the solid waste to fall into the crushing bin 250. The whole crushing process of the solid waste in the crushing bin 250 is continuously filled with nitrogen, and the crushing process is protected by the nitrogen. The crushing mechanism can repeatedly crush and mix materials. After crushing, the discharging gate 310 is opened, the crushing shaft 320 extrudes the crushed solid waste into the pipeline of the discharging port 290 through the spiral compression effect, and the crushed solid waste is conveyed to the next process, so that the whole process is completely sealed, and secondary pollution is avoided. It should be noted that, before solid waste enters the sealed bin 240 from the feed hopper 210, the sealed bin 240 charges nitrogen through the first air inlet 260, after the charging nitrogen reaches the standard, the first sealing gate 220 is opened, when the sealed bin 240 is opened, positive pressure exists, nitrogen leaks, the charging nitrogen before entering the sealed bin 240 is in order to ensure that the material in the sealed bin 240 is always under the protection of inert gas, and after the crusher below breaks the material in the previous batch, the material in the sealed bin 240 falls down into the breaking chamber. The first explosion vent 280 may prevent the seal cartridge 240 from exploding.
Example 2
A gyratory crusher, comprising:
a frame 10;
a crushing cylinder fixedly arranged on the frame 10; a feed hopper 210 is arranged at the top of the crushing cylinder; the crushing cylinder is detachably provided with a first sealing gate 220 and a second sealing gate 230; the first and second sealing gates 220 and 230 divide the space inside the pulverizing cylinder into a sealing bin 240 and a pulverizing bin 250; the side wall of the crushing cylinder is provided with a first air inlet 260, a first air outlet 270 and a first explosion venting port 280, and the first air inlet 260, the first air outlet 270 and the first explosion venting port 280 are communicated with the sealing bin 240; a discharge port 290 is formed in the side wall of the crushing cylinder, the discharge port 290 is communicated with the crushing bin 250, and a discharge gate 310 is arranged in the discharge port 290;
the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin 250 in a penetrating way, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity 330 and a crushing shaft 320 horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity 330, and the crushing shaft 320 and the discharge hole 290 are coaxially arranged;
the driving mechanism is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body and drives the crushing shaft 320 to rotate.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the outer surface of the pulverizing shaft 320 is spirally provided with pulverizing blades 3201. The size of the pulverizing blade 3201 may be designed as needed, and the pulverizing performance is improved while the manufacturing cost is saved. The crushing blade 3201 is provided with the movable cutter teeth 3202, and the design of the movable cutter teeth 3202 can increase the occlusion of materials and improve the crushing effect.
The surface of the cavity of the crushing cavity 330 is provided with fixed cutter teeth 3203, the fixed cutter teeth 3203 are matched with movable cutter teeth 3202, the crushing effect is improved, and the fixed cutter teeth 3203 and the movable cutter teeth 3202 are made of high-strength wear-resistant materials and can be welded and repaired after being worn.
The crushing cavity 330 comprises a first crushing cavity 3301 and a second crushing cavity 3302, and the first crushing cavity 3301 and the second crushing cavity 3302 are horizontally arranged adjacently; the pulverizing shaft 320 includes a first pulverizing shaft 3204 and a second pulverizing shaft 3205; the first crushing shaft 3204 is disposed in the first crushing cavity 3301, and the first crushing shaft 3204 is rotatably connected with the first crushing cavity 3301; the second crushing shaft 3205 is disposed in the second crushing cavity 3302, and the second crushing shaft 3205 is rotatably connected with the second crushing cavity 3302; the first pulverizing shaft 3204 and the second pulverizing shaft 3205 relatively rotate; the first crushing shaft 3204 or the second crushing shaft 3205 is coaxially arranged with the discharge port 290. The arrangement of the first crushing shaft 3204 and the second crushing shaft 3205 prolongs the crushing path of the solid waste, and improves the crushing effect.
The first pulverizing shaft 3204 is a tapered shaft. The second pulverizing shaft 3205 is a tapered shaft. The tapered shaft is designed to move the material being crushed in the crushing chamber 330 from the larger diameter end to the smaller diameter end. During normal operation, the first crushing shaft 3204 and the second crushing shaft 3205 rotate relatively, namely rotate towards the center of the crusher at the same time, the extrusion direction extrudes along the small-diameter end from the large-diameter end, and the crushing blades 3201 bite and extrude materials through the design of reducing and changing pitches. The movable cutter teeth 3202 on the crushing blade 3201 only do radial movement relative to the shaft, and when the crushing blade 3201 extrudes the material, the condition that the movable cutter teeth 3202 are hooked always exists, namely the material can be subjected to radial shearing action in the axial extrusion process. The hooked material moves to the fixed cutter teeth 3203 along with the cutter teeth 3202, at this time, the material is further cut off by the movable cutter teeth 3202 and the fixed cutter teeth 3203, and the cut material moves forward again under the extrusion action of the crushing blades 3201 until the next time of being hooked by the driven cutter teeth 3202.
The first pulverizing shaft 3204 has a length longer than that of the second pulverizing shaft 3205, and this design can save manufacturing costs.
The first crushing cavity 3301 is a conical crushing cavity, the second crushing cavity 3302 is a conical crushing cavity, and the vertex direction of the first crushing cavity 3301 is opposite to the vertex direction of the second crushing cavity 3302. The first crushing cavity 3301 and the second crushing cavity 3302 are communicated, and the arrangement can enable materials in the first crushing cavity 3301 and the second crushing cavity 3302 to be crushed in a circulating and reciprocating mode. Specifically, when the material is extruded from the large diameter end of the tapered shaft to the small diameter end, the first crushing shaft 3204 is coaxially arranged with the discharge port 290, the material cannot be extruded out of the crushing bin 250 due to the closing of the discharge gate 310, so that the material is accumulated in the crushing cavity 330 and is continuously crushed, when the accumulation is excessive, the material is thrown to the large diameter end of the second crushing shaft 3205 by the movement of the screw shaft, and on the second crushing shaft 3205, the material is directly thrown to the large diameter end of the first crushing shaft 3204 by the crushing blades 3201, and the material in the crushing cavity 330 forms a fixed flow to the large diameter end of the first crushing shaft 3204, the small diameter end of the first crushing shaft 3204, the large diameter end of the second crushing shaft 3205, and the small diameter end of the second crushing shaft 3205.
The screw crusher further comprises a displacement mechanism 40, which is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body below the crushing shaft 320, and the displacement mechanism 40 is detachably connected with the crushing shaft 320. The displacement mechanism 40 is a displacement truck for maintaining the crushing shaft 320, and the displacement truck can be driven by a motor or a hydraulic cylinder or the like, and by arranging the displacement truck below crushing, a guide rail can be arranged below the displacement truck according to the need, and the crushing shaft 320 can be integrally pushed out from the crushing mechanism, so that the crushing maintenance can be facilitated. A hydraulic cylinder or jack 401 may be provided on the displacement cart, as shown in fig. 5, for ejecting the crushing shaft 320 from the crushing mechanism, and has a function of adjusting the radial mounting position of the shaft, so as to facilitate precise butt joint of the shaft and the crusher body.
The side wall of the crushing cylinder is provided with a second air inlet and a second explosion venting port, and the second air inlet and the second explosion venting port are communicated with the crushing bin 250. The second air inlet is for introducing nitrogen into the pulverizing bin 250. The second explosion venting port is used to prevent explosion of the crushing bin 250 that may result from an unexpected pressure rise.
Claims (2)
1. A gyratory crusher, characterized by comprising:
a frame (10);
the crushing cylinder body is fixedly arranged on the frame (10); a feed hopper (210) is arranged at the top of the crushing cylinder; a first sealing gate (220) and a second sealing gate (230) are detachably arranged in the crushing cylinder; the first sealing gate (220) and the second sealing gate (230) divide the space in the crushing cylinder into a sealing bin (240) and a crushing bin (250); the side wall of the crushing cylinder body is provided with a first air inlet (260), a first air outlet (270) and a first explosion venting port (280), and the first air inlet (260), the first air outlet (270) and the first explosion venting port (280) are communicated with the sealing bin (240); a discharge hole (290) is formed in the side wall of the crushing cylinder body, the discharge hole (290) is communicated with the crushing bin (250), and a discharge gate (310) is arranged in the discharge hole (290);
the crushing mechanism is arranged in the crushing bin (250) in a penetrating mode, the crushing mechanism comprises a crushing cavity (330) and a crushing shaft (320) horizontally arranged in the crushing cavity (330), and the crushing shaft (320) and the discharge port (290) are coaxially arranged;
the driving mechanism is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body and drives the crushing shaft (320) to rotate;
the outer surface of the crushing shaft (320) is spirally and circumferentially provided with crushing blades (3201);
the crushing blade (3201) is provided with a movable cutter tooth (3202);
the surface of the crushing cavity (330) is provided with fixed cutter teeth (3203);
the crushing cavity (330) comprises a first crushing cavity (3301) and a second crushing cavity (3302), and the first crushing cavity (3301) and the second crushing cavity (3302) are horizontally and adjacently arranged; the pulverizing shaft (320) includes a first pulverizing shaft (3204) and a second pulverizing shaft (3205); the first crushing shaft (3204) is arranged in the first crushing cavity (3301), and the first crushing shaft (3204) is rotationally connected with the first crushing cavity (3301); the second crushing shaft (3205) is arranged in the second crushing cavity (3302), and the second crushing shaft (3205) is rotationally connected with the second crushing cavity (3302); the first crushing shaft (3204) and the second crushing shaft (3205) rotate relatively; the first crushing shaft (3204) or the second crushing shaft (3205) is coaxially arranged with the discharge port (290);
the first crushing shaft (3204) is a conical shaft;
the second crushing shaft (3205) is a conical shaft;
the first crushing cavity (3301) is a conical crushing cavity, the second crushing cavity (3302) is a conical crushing cavity, and the vertex direction of the first crushing cavity (3301) is opposite to the vertex direction of the second crushing cavity (3302);
the screw crusher further comprises a shifting mechanism (40), wherein the shifting mechanism (40) is arranged outside the crushing cylinder body and below the crushing shaft (320), and the shifting mechanism (40) is detachably connected with the crushing shaft (320).
2. The screw crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that a second air inlet and a second explosion venting port are provided in the crushing cylinder side wall, which second air inlet and second explosion venting port are in communication with the crushing bin (250).
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| CN201910541496.6A CN110252482B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Spiral crusher |
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| CN201910541496.6A CN110252482B (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Spiral crusher |
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| CN110252482B true CN110252482B (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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| CN114887737B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-08-29 | 安徽珍昊环保科技有限公司 | Multistage crushing device and method for solid waste treatment raw materials |
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| CN110252482A (en) | 2019-09-20 |
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