JP2010520447A - 光子検出器 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/107—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4413—Type
- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4446—Type of detector
- G01J2001/446—Photodiode
- G01J2001/4466—Avalanche
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Abstract
Description
ii)アリスの短アーム221/ボブの長アーム239(短/長)、
iii)アリスの長アーム219/ボブの短アーム245(長/短)、および
iv)アリスの短アーム221/ボブの短アーム245(短/短)。
Claims (20)
- 単一光子を検出するように構成された光子検出器と、前記光子検出器の出力信号を、第1の部分が第2の部分と実質的に同一である前記第1の部分と前記第2の部分とに分周する信号分周器と、前記第2の部分を前記第1の部分に対して遅延させる遅延手段と、前記信号の前記第1の部分と遅延させた第2の部分とを、前記遅延させた第2の部分が前記出力信号の前記第1の部分における周期的変動を打ち消すために使用されるように合成する合成器とを備える光子検出システム。
- 前記光子検出器はアバランシェフォトダイオードである請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出器に周期的ゲート信号を印加する手段をさらに備える請求項1または請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記遅延手段は、前記信号の前記第2の部分を前記周期の整数倍だけ遅延させるように構成されている請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号は方形波信号である請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号は50MHzを上回る周波数を有する請求項4または請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記ゲート信号の前記周期を変動させる請求項4から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記合成器に到達する前記2つの信号の振幅を平衡化する手段をさらに備える請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記信号の一方の部分を前記信号の他方の部分に対して反転させる手段をさらに備える請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- パルス放射の発生源および前記放射パルスに関する情報を符号化する符号器を備える送信機と、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の検出システムを備える受信機とを備える量子通信システム。
- 前記符号化手段は、2つ以上の非直交基底から無作為に選択される符号化基底を使用してパルスを符号化する請求項10に記載の量子通信システム。
- 前記送信機はコヒーレント源を備え、前記符号器は、1光子未満の平均強度を有するパルスを選択的に送信することによって情報を符号化し、空のパルスには光子がない請求項10に記載の量子通信システム。
- 前記送信機はコヒーレント源を備え、前記符号化手段は第1の位相または第2の位相で光子を符号化するように構成されており、前記第1の位相と前記第2の位相の差は180°であり、前記受信機はあるパルスからの光子と後続のパルスの光子とを干渉させるように構成されている請求項10に記載の量子通信システム。
- 光子検出器の出力を調整する調整回路であって、光子検出器の出力信号を、第1の部分が第2の部分と実質的に同一である前記第1の部分と前記第2の部分とに分周する信号分周器と、前記第2の部分を前記第1の部分に対して遅延させる遅延手段と、前記信号の前記第1の部分と遅延させた第2の部分とを、前記遅延させた第2の部分が前記出力信号の前記第1の部分における周期的変動を打ち消すために使用されるように合成する合成器とを備える回路。
- 周期的発生源と、請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の検出システムであり、前記検出器をゲート制御して前記発生源からの最高強度信号の到達時に検出を行うように構成されたゲート信号をさらに備える前記検出システムとを備えるシステム。
- 単一光子を検出するように構成された光子検出器を設けることと、
前記光子検出器の出力信号を、第1の部分が第2の部分と実質的に同一である前記第1の部分と前記第2の部分とに分周することと、
前記第2の部分を前記第1の部分に対して遅延させることと、
前記信号の前記第1の部分と遅延させた第2の部分とを、前記遅延させた第2の部分が前記出力信号の前記第1の部分における周期的変動を打ち消すために使用されるように合成することと
を備える光子検出方法。 - 前記検出器に周期的ゲート信号を印加することをさらに備える請求項16に記載の光子検出方法。
- 前記遅延手段は、前記信号の前記第2の部分を前記周期の整数倍だけ遅延させるように構成されている請求項17に記載の光子検出方法。
- 前記ゲート信号の前記周期を変動させる請求項17または18に記載の光子検出方法。
- 前記信号の前記2つの部分を合成する前に、前記信号の一方の部分を前記信号の他方の部分に対して反転させることをさらに備える請求項16から19のいずれか1項に記載の光子検出方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB0704007A GB2447254B (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2007-03-01 | A photon detector |
GB0704007.4 | 2007-03-01 | ||
PCT/GB2008/000722 WO2008104799A1 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-02-29 | A photon detector |
Related Child Applications (2)
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JP2011162998A Division JP5492152B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2011-07-26 | 光子検出器 |
JP2011288028A Division JP5591788B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2011-12-28 | 光子検出器 |
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JP2010520447A true JP2010520447A (ja) | 2010-06-10 |
JP2010520447A5 JP2010520447A5 (ja) | 2011-09-08 |
JP4977213B2 JP4977213B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
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JP2009551272A Active JP4977213B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-02-29 | 光子検出器 |
JP2011162998A Active JP5492152B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2011-07-26 | 光子検出器 |
JP2011288028A Active JP5591788B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2011-12-28 | 光子検出器 |
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JP2011162998A Active JP5492152B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2011-07-26 | 光子検出器 |
JP2011288028A Active JP5591788B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2011-12-28 | 光子検出器 |
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US (3) | US8891979B2 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4977213B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2447254B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008104799A1 (ja) |
Cited By (13)
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JP2011508869A (ja) * | 2008-01-03 | 2011-03-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 光子検出の光子検出システムおよび方法 |
JP2012013600A (ja) * | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 単一光子検出器 |
JP2012069944A (ja) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-04-05 | Toshiba Corp | 光子検出器 |
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US20100111305A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
JP5591788B2 (ja) | 2014-09-17 |
JP2012098299A (ja) | 2012-05-24 |
US20150034808A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
GB0704007D0 (en) | 2007-04-11 |
GB2447254B (en) | 2009-10-14 |
US20120230702A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
US9377356B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
US8811829B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
WO2008104799A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
US8891979B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 |
JP2011252919A (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
GB2447254A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
JP5492152B2 (ja) | 2014-05-14 |
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