JP2010517742A - Dmc触媒、その製造方法と利用 - Google Patents
Dmc触媒、その製造方法と利用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010517742A JP2010517742A JP2009547691A JP2009547691A JP2010517742A JP 2010517742 A JP2010517742 A JP 2010517742A JP 2009547691 A JP2009547691 A JP 2009547691A JP 2009547691 A JP2009547691 A JP 2009547691A JP 2010517742 A JP2010517742 A JP 2010517742A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ion
- methyl
- butyl
- cation
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 oxonium cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 504
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical group OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical group [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical group N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical group [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical group OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical group ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Oxalate Chemical group [O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical group [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical group [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 58
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 39
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 37
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 25
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 12
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229940063013 borate ion Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2,3-dimethylimidazolium ion Chemical compound CC1=[NH+]C=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- KCUGPPHNMASOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C KCUGPPHNMASOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ILQHIGIKULUQFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 ILQHIGIKULUQFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RVEJOWGVUQQIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 RVEJOWGVUQQIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- WXMVWUBWIHZLMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WXMVWUBWIHZLMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical class OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- UMZDENILBZKMFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=[N+]1C UMZDENILBZKMFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NOBVKAMFUBMCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=C(C)[N+](C)=CN1C NOBVKAMFUBMCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUAXVBUVQVRIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C XUAXVBUVQVRIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JYARJXBHOOZQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 JYARJXBHOOZQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C IRGDPGYNHSIIJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DCLKMMFVIGOXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 DCLKMMFVIGOXQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SWWLEHMBKPSRSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C SWWLEHMBKPSRSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AMKUSFIBHAUBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 AMKUSFIBHAUBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BMKLRPQTYXVGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-tetradecylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMKLRPQTYXVGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDEQOBPALZZTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 XDEQOBPALZZTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004918 2-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004922 2-methyl-3-pentyl group Chemical group CC(C)C(CC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 3
- WHLZPGRDRYCVRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-2-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1C WHLZPGRDRYCVRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 125000004917 3-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)C 0.000 description 3
- 125000004919 3-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(C(C)*)CC 0.000 description 3
- 125000004921 3-methyl-3-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC)(CC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000006201 3-phenylpropyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004920 4-methyl-2-pentyl group Chemical group CC(CC(C)*)C 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOTYKVMVNCGYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2-butyl-1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCCC=1NC=C[N+]=1C GOTYKVMVNCGYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium ion Chemical compound C[NH+]=C(N(C)C)N(C)C ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- LEHULSCLOPRJSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylpentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN(CCCC)CCCC LEHULSCLOPRJSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FKTXDTWDCPTPHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical group FC(F)(F)[C](F)C(F)(F)F FKTXDTWDCPTPHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLNYRFBLEYSXHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=[N+]1CC KLNYRFBLEYSXHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXKFTCYRLIOPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-octylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1C JXKFTCYRLIOPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDIWYWUGTVLWJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=C[N+](C)=CN1C CDIWYWUGTVLWJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YAUDCIYPLNVQLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,5-trimethyl-3-octylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=[N+](C)C(C)=C1C YAUDCIYPLNVQLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CASWLBSPGZUOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethyl-3-octylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=[N+](C)C=C1C CASWLBSPGZUOFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZYWSJXQRTWKCSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diethyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C)[N+](CC)=C1 ZYWSJXQRTWKCSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYZXRPOUUZKBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1CC GYZXRPOUUZKBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHIGPVGNEXDQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C BHIGPVGNEXDQBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIDWYWYHKGNNOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3,4,5-trimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=[N+](C)C(C)=C1C RIDWYWYHKGNNOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDWXRMRQTAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-ethyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(CC)=C1C VZGDWXRMRQTAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylimidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1C=CN=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAGDLNCPPXLUJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2-ethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1CC UAGDLNCPPXLUJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMPLFUALYIEKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C OMPLFUALYIEKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKMZBNMOMCOCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-ethyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(CC)=C1C MKMZBNMOMCOCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFYRIXSGFSWFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 FFYRIXSGFSWFAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZQTBHDJAOMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C FUZQTBHDJAOMJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNCAFWKXQYNUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3,4,5-trimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=[N+](C)C(C)=C1C LNCAFWKXQYNUFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIDIRWZVUWCCCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 OIDIRWZVUWCCCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPVAFCQZNIZLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C OPVAFCQZNIZLRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OLRSYSUCJIKFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C OLRSYSUCJIKFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004343 1-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- SIHFYNZIBKOFFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 SIHFYNZIBKOFFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003456 2,6-dinitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C(*)C(=C1[H])[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000003006 2-dimethylaminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- YKZAWSIPYMCKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-hexadecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1CC YKZAWSIPYMCKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJMBCVIFMXOIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=[N+]1C BJMBCVIFMXOIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJTLATCJDPHVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-octylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1CC NJTLATCJDPHVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRDVJODPWYQQCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-tetradecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1CC HRDVJODPWYQQCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 2-ethyl-3-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCC1=[NH+]C=CN1C UINDRJHZBAGQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- UAAXLYUGYHRBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-octylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C UAAXLYUGYHRBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 description 2
- RDTIFYBSPQERAS-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3,4,5-trimethyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC=1NC=[N+](C)C=1C RDTIFYBSPQERAS-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- BLHTXORQJNCSII-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3,5-dimethyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC1=C[N+](C)=CN1 BLHTXORQJNCSII-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- AEMJJEJBDDKEPC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-5-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CNC(C)=C1 AEMJJEJBDDKEPC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- JMTFLSQHQSFNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-dodecyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 JMTFLSQHQSFNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KANKBJJYRFLSIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-1,4-dimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=[N+](C)C=C1C KANKBJJYRFLSIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVHIIOWNAUSAPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-1-hexadecyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(CC)=C1C GVHIIOWNAUSAPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLCGJBUWOXTQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-1-hexyl-2-methylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(CC)=C1C DLCGJBUWOXTQBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWDFHWZHHOSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-ethyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 IWDFHWZHHOSSGR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- SBMAVGCFVCQWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1-octylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(CC)=C1C SBMAVGCFVCQWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBQNFGJPJGULSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1-tetradecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC(CC)=C1C YBQNFGJPJGULSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ORIZJEOWAFVTGA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-hexadecyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 ORIZJEOWAFVTGA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLMZKZJCMDOKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-octyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 KLMZKZJCMDOKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- TZMGRMKTZVQDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-tetradecyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 TZMGRMKTZVQDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004042 4-aminobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 2
- 125000006283 4-chlorobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFKRYDUVJTWHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethyl-1,2-dimethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C)[N+](C)=C1 HSFKRYDUVJTWHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXBYFVGCMPJVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epoxybutene Chemical compound C=CC1CO1 GXBYFVGCMPJVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PQBAWAQIRZIWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylpyridinium Chemical compound C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 PQBAWAQIRZIWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- BNQRPLGZFADFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triphenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BNQRPLGZFADFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCPMOQKUPRKDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(dimethylamino)methylidene-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CN(C)C(N(C)C)=[N+](C)C FCPMOQKUPRKDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetylpyridinium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000068 chlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004188 dichlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaniline Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004212 difluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005805 dimethoxy phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(6-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-indazole-5-carboximidate dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C3=NNC4=CC=C(C=C43)C(=N)OCC)=CC=C21 CEIPQQODRKXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000006343 heptafluoro propyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- KLVOSHOFGYMCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C KLVOSHOFGYMCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTDCNKTXDLRMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C1CCCCC1 HTDCNKTXDLRMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPNQFYMXRSHQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)(C)C UPNQFYMXRSHQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005246 nonafluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003518 norbornenyl group Chemical group C12(C=CC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-P pyrimidine-1,3-diium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanic acid Chemical compound SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-SYDPRGILSA-N (1s,5r)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2O[C@H]21 GJEZBVHHZQAEDB-SYDPRGILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLHRGZGPVVFEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibutyl-2-methylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](CCCC)=C1C CLHRGZGPVVFEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWXVIUBYBJUOAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibutylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](CCCC)=C1 NWXVIUBYBJUOAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CC)=C1 XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQNBJNDMPLEUDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=CN=CN1C HQNBJNDMPLEUDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNCCGGMWVUBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1CC1OC1 ZNCCGGMWVUBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COSSPXYCRNRXRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=[N+](C)C=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 COSSPXYCRNRXRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARJRHPLYUDOSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butan-2-ylpiperidine Chemical compound CCC(C)N1CCCCC1 ARJRHPLYUDOSCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSOZFXKDKRMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butan-2-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CCC(C)N1CCCC1 YSOZFXKDKRMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMQMCSRLXDCRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3,4-dimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]=1C=C(C)N(C)C=1 UMQMCSRLXDCRNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQVWRENWRRGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-dodecylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCC)C=1 YQVWRENWRRGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEXHGTIIWVRNCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-hexadecylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCC)C=1 SEXHGTIIWVRNCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBYLUDUZJBTVKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-hexylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCC)C=1 FBYLUDUZJBTVKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFDHXQFDRRXIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-octylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCC)C=1 SFDHXQFDRRXIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDUANKMWNRSRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-tetradecylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCC)C=1 UDUANKMWNRSRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDVVBLGHGCHZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 LDVVBLGHGCHZBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXZFAXBXUMMDRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-ethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 SXZFAXBXUMMDRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMOWRYYEJQFKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecyl-3-octylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCCCCCC)C=1 LMOWRYYEJQFKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNVFUDQXHWCYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-hexadecylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 UNVFUDQXHWCYDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRJBDLCQPFFVAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-hexylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 KRJBDLCQPFFVAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKPTVNKULSLTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-octylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 JKPTVNKULSLTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXRBLBNHFRVPSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-tetradecylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CC)C=1 YXRBLBNHFRVPSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAFYUGJKLQQHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C OAFYUGJKLQQHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1C=CN=C1 STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCXKRHUGCUOJJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octyl-3-tetradecylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(CCCCCCCC)C=1 LCXKRHUGCUOJJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXIXHISTUVHOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylpiperidine Chemical compound CC(C)N1CCCCC1 KXIXHISTUVHOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSVIUCBJPRWLIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butylpiperidine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N1CCCCC1 RSVIUCBJPRWLIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNMQSIGDRWCJMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N1CCCC1 WNMQSIGDRWCJMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTQNKKSJPHTPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloroethanone Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)[C]=O UTQNKKSJPHTPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- KEQTWHPMSVAFDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound C1NNC=C1 KEQTWHPMSVAFDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001917 2,4-dinitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C(=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
- KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxyphenol Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1O KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSAGWVJHDZAMEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxirane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC1CO1 KSAGWVJHDZAMEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSONLRWFEVQLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)oxirane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)CC1CO1 RSONLRWFEVQLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGHZSTWONPNWHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(oxiran-2-yl)ethyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC1CO1 ZGHZSTWONPNWHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFDMLXYWGLECEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzyloxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1CO1 JFDMLXYWGLECEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCC1CO1 WHNBDXQTMPYBAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- MPGABYXKKCLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1CO1 MPGABYXKKCLIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJNQGWIMQCKPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine Chemical compound CCN=C(N(C)C)N(C)C LJNQGWIMQCKPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KACBWSJPLBIMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1C KACBWSJPLBIMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAZBQCSALWFNRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1-hexylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1CC LAZBQCSALWFNRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXOYTMXAKFMIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1CO1 GXOYTMXAKFMIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCC1CO1 NJWSNNWLBMSXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCPJQWAQQWCBII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-tetradecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C FCPJQWAQQWCBII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXVAZSIZYQIZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nonyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1CO1 LXVAZSIZYQIZCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAMHBRRZYSORSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1CO1 AAMHBRRZYSORSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOFYYYCFRVWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentyloxirane Chemical compound CCCCCC1CO1 NMOFYYYCFRVWBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SYURNNNQIFDVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propyloxirane Chemical compound CCCC1CO1 SYURNNNQIFDVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVTRXHPXQNZVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxiran-2-yl)propyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCCC1CO1 AVTRXHPXQNZVFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- FWEIDDZCICNFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-2-ethyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1CC FWEIDDZCICNFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BXKLAIZZZVWDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-2-ethyl-4-methyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C(C)=C[NH+]=C1CC BXKLAIZZZVWDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VAJZCFLYJRMBFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethylmorpholin-4-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCOCC1 VAJZCFLYJRMBFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKWQCCPQBCHJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1CC1CO1 KKWQCCPQBCHJBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDHGUCPWMSEFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-butan-2-ylmorpholine Chemical compound CCC(C)N1CCOCC1 FDHGUCPWMSEFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OILJIEKQCVHNMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylmorpholine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 OILJIEKQCVHNMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SEYKAHGNEWDPJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O Chemical compound B(O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O.S(=O)(=O)(O)O SEYKAHGNEWDPJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CNCC(CC)CCCC SAIKULLUBZKPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FNKZQACFQLWELP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCC)[N+]1=C(N(C=C1)C)C.C(C)[N+]1=C(N(C=C1)C)C Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+]1=C(N(C=C1)C)C.C(C)[N+]1=C(N(C=C1)C)C FNKZQACFQLWELP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKZNBTXRNKPGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCC)[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.C(CCCCC)[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.C(CCCCC)[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 WKZNBTXRNKPGCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005915 C6-C14 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UIOAQJNADLELPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[C]1OCCO1 Chemical group C[C]1OCCO1 UIOAQJNADLELPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWAADBZWQGAKMD-UHFFFAOYSA-K Cl[Zn](Cl)Cl Chemical compound Cl[Zn](Cl)Cl RWAADBZWQGAKMD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazolidine Chemical compound C1CNCN1 WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C1CCCCC1 SVYKKECYCPFKGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical class C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrazolium Chemical compound C1=CN[NH+]=C1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- UDHQWZLOKFJXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid 2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound B(O)(O)O.C(C=1C(O)=CC=CC1)(=O)O.C(C=1C(O)=CC=CC1)(=O)O UDHQWZLOKFJXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLANKNMPZSGGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(triethyl)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](CC)(CC)CC NLANKNMPZSGGEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKBAPHPQTADBIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;hexacyanide Chemical compound [Co].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] RKBAPHPQTADBIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004210 cyclohexylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004851 cyclopentylmethyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC1)C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003948 formamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229940079826 hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;1,3-oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=[NH+]1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002122 magnetic nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005525 methide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- YKNYRRVISWJDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl oxirane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1CO1 YKNYRRVISWJDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIUUTLHYFPFWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-tris(2-methylpropyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CC(C)C[P+](C)(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BIUUTLHYFPFWRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 GYVGXEWAOAAJEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENLNEZGRPNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)hexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C OENLNEZGRPNQDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXFXGJYVVIZSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C KXFXGJYVVIZSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNIMBAXJIKTYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)pentan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C HNIMBAXJIKTYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLMICMXXVVMDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(propan-2-yl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(C(C)C)C(C)C DLMICMXXVVMDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVDXVPFJGDNPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutyl-4-methylaniline Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 UVDXVPFJGDNPTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZPXKEPZZOEPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylaniline Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZPXKEPZZOEPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFOQAMWOIJJNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCN(CCCC)CCCC KFOQAMWOIJJNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORSUTASIQKBEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)CC ORSUTASIQKBEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIXSDMKDSYXUMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylcyclohexanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1CCCCC1 CIXSDMKDSYXUMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVUGARXRRGZONH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CC)CC BVUGARXRRGZONH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJIRBKSBSKOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipropylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCC)CCC VJIRBKSBSKOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFXHGBDFXUDEBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipropylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCN(CCC)CCC KFXHGBDFXUDEBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QISQZMBDDZCOTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dipropyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCC)CCC QISQZMBDDZCOTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSHKXFDHUIFHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-butylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MSHKXFDHUIFHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCJVZRHXPCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-ethylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HSZCJVZRHXPCIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWRDBWDXRLPESY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJKDJKUSLNKNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-propan-2-ylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OJKDJKUSLNKNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLFDIUNVGXCCPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-n-propylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YLFDIUNVGXCCPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBDGYADAMYMJNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-ethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)CCCC BBDGYADAMYMJNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEBPYKMCKZTFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-propylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCC)CCCC VEBPYKMCKZTFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYDFLVGVWMSQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-chloro-n-ethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(Cl)CC TYDFLVGVWMSQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDZOGLJOFWFVOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylaniline Chemical compound CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 CDZOGLJOFWFVOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940006477 nitrate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005654 nitrite ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOWBFZRMHSNYGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C(O)=O SOWBFZRMHSNYGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLNSNVGRSIOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC1CO1 YLNSNVGRSIOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003334 secondary amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003511 tertiary amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triallylamine Chemical compound C=CCN(CC=C)CC=C VPYJNCGUESNPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic acid Substances OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- PYVOHVLEZJMINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC PYVOHVLEZJMINC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C GBXQPDCOMJJCMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003799 water insoluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
- B01J27/26—Cyanides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/2606—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2642—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G65/2645—Metals or compounds thereof, e.g. salts
- C08G65/2663—Metal cyanide catalysts, i.e. DMC's
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
一般式(II)で表される混合塩(B):
一般式(III)で表される混合塩(C):
特に好ましいのは、一個、二個または三個の窒素原子と、一個の硫黄または酸素原子を持つ少なくとも一種の5員または6員の複素環を含む化合物であり、極めて好ましいのは、二個の窒素原子を持つものである。ピリジニウムやピリダジニウム、ピリミジニウム、ピラジニウム、イミダゾリウム、ピラゾリウム、ピラゾリニウム、イミダゾリウム、チアゾリウム、オキサゾリウム、ピロリジニウム、イミダゾリジニウムなどの芳香族複素環が好ましい。
500g/mol未満が極めて好ましく、特に250g/mol未満が好ましい。
−R基は、水素、または無置換であっても1〜5個のヘテロ原子または官能基で中断または置換されていてもよい、1〜20個の炭素原子を有する炭素を含有する有機の飽和又は不飽和の非環式または環状の脂肪族、芳香族または芳香脂肪族基であり、
−R1基〜R9基は、それぞれ相互に独立して、水素、スルホ基または無置換であっても1〜5個のヘテロ原子または官能基で中断または置換されていてもよい、合計で1〜20個の炭素原子を有する有機の飽和又は不飽和の非環式または環状の脂肪族、芳香族または芳香脂肪族基であり、なお、炭素原子(ヘテロ原子でない)に結合している上述の式(IV)で表されR1基〜R9基は、ハロゲンまたは官能基であってもよい;または隣接する二つのR1基〜R9基は、共になって、1〜30個の炭素原子を有し、無置換であっても1〜5個のヘテロ原子または官能基で中断または置換されていてもよい、二価の炭素を含有する有機の飽和又は不飽和の非環式または環状の脂肪族、芳香族または芳香脂肪族基を形成してもよい。
−非置換であっても、一種以上のヒドロキシ、ハロゲン、フェニル、シアノ、C1−C6−アルコキシカルボニル及び/又はスルホン酸基で置換されていてもよく、合計で1〜20個の炭素原子を有する、非分岐状または分岐状のC1−C18−アルキル基であり、例えば、メチル、エチル、1−プロピル、2−プロピル、1−ブチル、2−ブチル、2−メチル−1−プロピル(イソブチル)、2−メチル−2−プロピル(tert−ブチル)、1−ペンチル、2−ペンチル、3−ペンチル、2−メチル−1−ブチル、3−メチル−1−ブチル、2−メチル−2−ブチル、3−メチル−2−ブチル、2,2−ジメチル−1−プロピル、1−ヘキシル、2−ヘキシル、3−ヘキシル、2−メチル−1−ペンチル、3−メチル−1−ペンチル、4−メチル−1−ペンチル、2−メチル−2−ペンチル、3−メチル−2−ペンチル、4−メチル−2−ペンチル、2−メチル−3−ペンチル、3−メチル−3−ペンチル、2,2−ジメチル−1−ブチル、2,3−ジメチル−1−ブチル、3,3−ジメチル−1−ブチル、2−エチル−1−ブチル、2,3−ジメチル−2−ブチル、3,3−ジメチル−2−ブチル、1−ヘプチル、1−オクチル、1−ノニル、1−デシル、1−ウンデシル、1−ドデシル、1−テトラデシル、1−ヘキサデシル、1−オクタデシル、2−ヒドロキシエチル、ベンジル、3−フェニルプロピル、2−シアノエチル、2−(メトキシカルボニル)エチル、2−(エトキシカルボニル)エチル、2−(n−ブトキシカルボニル)エチル、トリフルオロメチル、ジフルオロメチル、フルオロメチル、ペンタフルオロエチル、ヘプタフルオロプロピル、ヘプタフルオロイソプロピル、ノナフルオロブチル、ノナフルオロイソブチル、ウンデシルフルオロペンチル、ウンデシルフルオロイソペンチル、6−ヒドロキシヘキシル、およびプロピルスルホン酸であり;
−グリコール類、ブチレングリコール類および単位数が1〜100で、水素またはC1−C8−アルキル基を末端基として有するこれらのオリゴマーに由来する基であり、
例えば、RAO−(CHRB−CH2−O)n−CHRB−CH2−またはRAO−(CH2CH2CH2CH2O)n−CH2CH2CH2CH2O−、(なお式中、RAとRBは、好ましくはそれぞれ、水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、nは好ましくは0〜3である)、特に3−オキサブチル、3−オキサペンチル、3,6−ジオキサヘプチル、3,6−ジオキサオクチル、3,6,9−トリオキサデシル、3,6,9−トリオキサウンデシル、3,6,9,12−テトラオキサトリデシル、および3,6,9,12−テトラオキサテトラデシルであり;
−ビニルであり;また
N,N−ジ−C1−C6−アルキルアミノ、例えばN,N−ジメチルアミノやN,N−ジエチルアミノである。
−水素;
−ハロゲン;
−官能基、特に上述の官能基;
二個の隣接する基が、
−非置換であっても、一種以上のヒドロキシ、ハロゲン、フェニル、シアノ、C1−C6−アルコキシカルボニル及び/又はスルホン酸基で置換されていてもよく、合計で1〜20個の炭素原子を有する、非分岐状または分岐状のC1−C18−アルキル、例えば、メチル、エチル、1−プロピル、2−プロピル、1−ブチル、2−ブチル、2−メチル−1−プロピル(イソブチル)、2−メチル−2−プロピル(tert−ブチル)、1−ペンチル、2−ペンチル、3−ペンチル、2−メチル−1−ブチル、3−メチル−1−ブチル、2−メチル−2−ブチル、3−メチル−2−ブチル、2,2−ジメチル−1−プロピル、1−ヘキシル、2−ヘキシル、3−ヘキシル、2−メチル−1−ペンチル、3−メチル−1−ペンチル、4−メチル−1−ペンチル、2−メチル−2−ペンチル、3−メチル−2−ペンチル、4−メチル−2−ペンチル、2−メチル−3−ペンチル、3−メチル−3−ペンチル、2,2−ジメチル−1−ブチル、2,3−ジメチル−1−ブチル、3,3−ジメチル−1−ブチル、2−エチル−1−ブチル、2,3−ジメチル−2−ブチル、3,3−ジメチル−2−ブチル、1−ヘプチル、1−オクチル、1−ノニル、1−デシル、1−ウンデシル、1−ドデシル、1−テトラデシル、1−ヘキサデシル、1−オクタデシル、2−ヒドロキシエチル、ベンジル、3−フェニルプロピル、2−シアノエチル、2−(メトキシカルボニル)エチル、2−(エトキシカルボニル)エチル、2−(n−ブトキシカルボニル)エチル、トリフルオロメチル、ジフルオロメチル、フルオロメチル、ペンタフルオロエチル、ヘプタフルオロプロピル、ヘプタフルオロイソプロピル、ノナフルオロブチル、ノナフルオロイソブチル、ウンデシルフルオロペンチル、ウンデシルフルオロイソペンチル、6−ヒドロキシヘキシル、及びプロピルスルホン酸;
−ビニル;および
−N,N−ジ−C1−C6−アルキルアミノ、例えばN,N−ジメチルアミノおよびN,N−ジエチルアミノ。
−R1基〜R5基の一つが、メチル、エチル、または塩素であり、
R1基〜R5基の他の基がそれぞれ水素であるもの;
−R3がジメチルアミノで、他の基R1とR2、R4、R5がそれぞれ水素であるもの;
−すべての基R1〜R5が水素であるもの;
−R2がカルボキシまたはカルボキサミドで、残る基R1とR2、R4、R5がそれぞれ水素であるもの;または
−R1とR2またはR2とR3が、一緒になって1,4−ブタ−1,3−ジエニレンであり、残る基R1とR2、R4、R5がそれぞれ水素であるもの;であり、
特に
−R1基〜R5基がそれぞれ水素であるもの;または
−R1基〜R5基の一つがメチルまたはエチルであり、残る基R1〜R5がそれぞれ水素であるものである。
−R1基〜R4基がそれぞれ水素であるもの;または
−R1基〜R4基の一つがメチルまたはエチルであり、残る基R1〜R4がそれぞれ水素であるものである。
−R1基が水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R2〜R4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して水素またはメチルであるもの;または
−R1が水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R2とR4がそれぞれメチルであり、R3が水素であるものである。
−R1が水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R2〜R4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して水素またはメチルであるもの;
−R1が水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R2〜R4がそれぞれメチルであり、R3が水素であるもの;
−R1〜R4がそれぞれメチルであるもの;または
−R1〜R4がそれぞれメチルまたは水素であるものである。
−R1が水素、メチル、エチル、1−プロピル、1−ブチル、1−ペンチル、1−ヘキシル、1−オクチル、2−ヒドロキシエチルまたは2−シアノエチルであり、R2〜R4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチルまたはエチルであるものである。
−R1が水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R2〜R4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1〜R4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1〜R6がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1が水素、メチル、エチルまたはフェニルであり、R2〜R6がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1とR2がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチルまたはフェニルであり、R3〜R6がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1とR2がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチル、1−ブチルまたはフェニルであり、R3とR4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R5とR6がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1とR2がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R3〜R6がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1〜R3がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R4〜R6がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1が水素、メチル、エチルまたはフェニルであり、R2とR3がそれぞれ、相互に独立して水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1とR2がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチルまたはフェニルであり、R3が水素、メチルまたはフェニルであるものである。
−R1が水素、メチルまたはエチルであり、R2とR3がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるか、R2とR3とが一緒になって1,4−ブタ−1,3−ジエニレンであるものである。
−R1が水素、メチル、エチルまたはフェニルであり、R2〜9がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1とR4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチルまたはフェニルであり、R2とR3、またR5〜R8がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素またはメチルであるものである。
−R1〜R3がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、C1−C18−アルキルであるもの;またはR1とR2が一緒になって1,5−ペンチレンまたは3−オキサ−1,5−ペンチレンであり、R3がC1−C18−アルキル、2−ヒドロキシエチルまたは2−シアノエチルであるものである。
−R1〜R5がそれぞれメチルであるものである。
−R1とR2がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、メチル、エチル、1−ブチルまたは1−オクチルであり、R3が水素、メチル、エチル、アセチル、−SO2OHまたは−PO(OH)2であるもの;
−R1がメチル、エチル、1−ブチルまたは1−オクチルであり、R2が、−CH2−CH2−OR4基であり、R3とR4がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチル、アセチル、−SO2OHまたは−PO(OH)2であるもの;または
−R1が、−CH2−CH2−OR4基であり、R2が、−CH2−CH2−OR5基であり、R3〜R5がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、水素、メチル、エチル、アセチル、−SO2OHまたは−PO(OH)2であるものである。
−R3が、水素、メチル、エチル、アセチル、5−メトキシ−3−オキサペンチル、8−メトキシ−3,6−ジオキサオクチル、11−メトキシ−3,6,9−トリオキサウンデシル、7−メトキシ−4−オキサヘプチル、11−メトキシ−4,8−ジオキサウンデシル、15−メトキシ−4,8,12−トリオキサペンタデシル、9−メトキシ−5−オキサノニル、14−メトキシ−5,10−オキサテトラデシル、5−エトキシ−3−オキサペンチル、8−エトキシ−3,6−ジオキサオクチル、11−エトキシ−3,6,9−トリオキサウンデシル、7−エトキシ−4−オキサヘプチル、11−エトキシ−4,8−ジオキサウンデシル、15−エトキシ−4,8,12−トリオキサペンタデシル、9−エトキシ−5−オキサノニルまたは14−エトキシ−5,10−オキサテトラデシルから選ばれるものである。
−R1〜R3がそれぞれ、相互に独立して、C1−C18−アルキル、特にブチル、イソブチル、1−ヘキシルまたは1−オクチルであるものである。
PO4 3-、HPO4 2-、H2PO4 -、RaPO4 2-、HRaPO4 -、RaRbPO4 -
RaHPO3 -、RaRbPO2 -、RaRbPO3 -
PO3 3-、HPO3 2-、H2PO3 -、RaPO3 2-、RaHPO3 -、RaRbPO3 -
RaRbPO2 -、RaHPO2 -、RaRbPO-、RaHPO-
RaCOO-
BO3 3-、HBO3 2-、H2BO3 -、RaRbBO3 -、RaHBO3 -、RaBO3 2-、B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc)(ORd)-、B(HSO4)-、B(RaSO4)、なお、テトラフルオロホウ酸は、アニオンから除かれる、
RaBO2 2-、RaRbBO-
HCO3 -、CO3 2-、RaCO3 -
SiO4 4-、HSiO4 3-、H2SiO4 2-、HaSiO4 -、RaSiO4 3-、RaRbSiO4 2-、RaRbRcSiO4 -、HRaSiO4 2-、H2RaSiO4 -、HRaRbSiO4 -
RaSiO3 3-、RaRbSiO2 2-、RaRbRcSiO-、RaRbRcSiO3 -、RaRbRcSiO2 -、RaRbSiO3 2-
RaO-;
[MqHalr]s-、
S2-、HS-、[Sv]2-、[HSv]-、[RaS]-、
M1は、Zn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Sn2+、Sn4+、Pb2+、Al3+、Sr2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Cu2+、La3+、Ce3+、Ce4+、Eu3+、Mg2+、Ti4+、Ag+、Rh2+、Ru2+、Ru3+、およびPd2+からなる群から選ばれる金属イオンである。
Xは、ハロゲンイオン、ヒドロキシド、硫酸イオン、硫酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、シアニドイオン、チオシアン酸イオン、イソシアン酸イオン、シアン酸イオン、カルボン酸イオン、シュウ酸イオン、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン(NO2-)、または上述のアニオンの二種以上の混合物、または上述のアニオンの一種以上と、COとH2OとNOとから選ばれる非電荷種との混合物からなる群から選ばれるアニオンである。
gとnは、化合物が電気的に中性となるように選ばれる。
M2は、Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Mn2+、Mn3+、Ni2+、Cr2+、Cr3+、Rh3+、Ru2+、Ir3+からなる群から選ばれる金属イオンであり、M1とM2は同じであるか異なっている。
実施例においては、用いるすべての溶媒をモレキュラーシーブ(3A)上で乾燥させた。
実施例1
5.5gのヘキサシアノコバルト酸を、50gのブチルメチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(BMIMOAc)中に90℃で溶解させた。9.0gのZnSO4−H2Oを、50gのBMIMOAc中に110℃で溶解し、加熱した滴下ロート(110℃)を経由して、ガラスビーカー中に入ったヘキサシアノコバルト酸溶液中に10分間かけて滴下した。反応混合物を90℃で90分間攪拌した。冷却及び1200gのメタノールの添加後に得られた懸濁液を5℃で一夜保存し、次いで遠心分離した。次いで、生成物を370gのメタノールに再懸濁し、もう一度遠心分離し、40℃大気下で48時間乾燥させた。元素分析によると、このようにして得られたDMC触媒は、9.6%のCo、20.7%のZn、および34.4%のCを含んでいた。
6.5gのヘキサシアノコバルト酸を、50gのメチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(HMIMCl)に90℃で溶解した。37.9gのステアリン酸亜鉛を120gのHMIMClに溶解し、ガラスビーカーに入れたヘキサシアノコバルト酸溶液中に、少しずつ10分間かけて添加した。反応混合物は、90℃で90分間攪拌した。冷却および1300gのメタノールの添加後、得られた懸濁液を5℃で一夜保存し、次いで濾過した。この生成物の、400mlのメタノール中への再懸濁と濾過を六回繰返し、次いで、60℃減圧下で16時間乾燥させた。元素分析によると、このようにして得られたDMC触媒は、6.5%のCoと、13.9%のZnと48.1%のCを含んでいた。
DMC法によりOH数が約142mg−KOH/gとなるまでプロポキシ化されたトリオール/ジオール混合物中に5.8%濃度で触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液で、そこからその触媒をザイツ深層フィルターで完全に除いたたものを、実施例1のDMC触媒の所要量を上記トリオール/ジオール混合物に添加して調整した。得られた懸濁液を、タラックス(型式:ウルトラタラックスT25、製造業者:IKA)を用いて、最も穏和な条件(11000rpm)で、10〜15分間均一に分散させた。得られた懸濁液から、80〜100℃、減圧下で、ロータリーエバポレーターで6〜12時間脱水した。
実施例3に記載のようにして、実施例2の触媒がトリオール/ジオール混合物中に入った5.18%濃度の触媒懸濁液を得た。この2.00gをオートクレーブに入れ、70.0gのトリオール/ジオール混合物と混合した。実施例3に記載のように、反応開始を確実にするため、反応混合物を、まず総量25mlのプロピレンオキシドで、流量が2.5mi/min、130℃で処理した。反応開始温度は約150℃であり、圧力は3.15Baraであった。第二段階では、安全上の理由のため、まず窒素で、130℃で圧力を3.7Barに調整した。次いで、132.0ml(117.05g)のエチレンオキシドを、流量が0.8ml/min〜1.5ml/minの範囲で添加した。すべてのエチレンオキシドの添加終了後、反応混合物を、さらに一定の最終圧力の4.46Baraとなるまで後反応(約11.5時間)させた。得られた最終生成物のOH数は、52.1mg−KOH/gであった。粘度は1783mPa・sであり、DMC含量は565ppmであった。1H−NMR分析の結果、生成物中の合計比率が、約46%のプロピレンオキシドと約54%のエチレンオキシドであり、第一級OH基の含量が88%であることがわかった(トリクロロアセチルイソシアネートとの反応、および1H−NMR)。
Claims (16)
- 溶媒または懸濁媒体としてのイオン性液体中でシアノメタラート化合物と金属塩とを反応させることを特徴とするDMC触媒の製造方法。
- 上記イオン性液体の融点が100℃未満である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記イオン性液体の融点が80℃未満である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記イオン性液体の融点が50℃未満である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記イオン性液体が少なくとも一種のカチオンと少なくとも一種のアニオンを有し、これらのイオンの一方が有機イオンである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記カチオンが有機カチオンである請求項2に記載の方法。
- 上記アニオンが有機アニオンである請求項2に記載の方法。
- 用いる金属塩が一般式(VI)の塩である、請求項1に記載の方法:
M1は、Zn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Sn2+、Sn4+、Pb2+、Al3+、Sr2+、Cr3+、Cd2+、Cu2+、La3+、Ce3+、Ce4+、Eu3+、Mg2+、Ti4+、Ag+、Rh2+、Ru2+、Ru3+、Pd2+からなる群から選ばれる金属イオンであり、
Xは、ハライドイオン、ヒドロキシド、硫酸イオン、硫酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、シアニドイオン、チオシアン酸イオン、イソシアン酸イオン、シアン酸イオン、カルボン酸イオン、シュウ酸イオン、硝酸イオン及び亜硝酸イオン(NO2 -)からなる群から選ばれるアニオンであるか、2種以上の上述のアニオンの混合物、または一種以上の上述のアニオンとCO、H2O及びNOから選ばれる一種の非電荷種との混合物とから選ばれるアニオンであり、
gとnは、この化合物が電気的に中性となるように選ばれる。 - 請求項13に記載のDMC触媒が触媒に使用されることを特徴とするH官能性出発物質にアルキレンオキシドを触媒作用下に付加させるポリエーテルアルコールの製造方法。
- 付加反応の少なくとも一部の期間に純粋なエチレンオキシドが付加される請求項14に記載の方法。
- 鎖の末端に純粋なエチレンオキシドが付加される請求項15に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07101738.8 | 2007-02-05 | ||
EP07101738 | 2007-02-05 | ||
PCT/EP2008/051190 WO2008095853A1 (de) | 2007-02-05 | 2008-01-31 | Dmc-katalysatoren, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verwendung davon |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010517742A true JP2010517742A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
JP5254254B2 JP5254254B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
Family
ID=39267759
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009547691A Expired - Fee Related JP5254254B2 (ja) | 2007-02-05 | 2008-01-31 | Dmc触媒、その製造方法と利用 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8354356B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2131955A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5254254B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20090108118A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101646492B (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2009008311A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008095853A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013198891A (ja) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-10-03 | Fujifilm Corp | カーボンアロイ材料とその製造方法、カーボンアロイ触媒および燃料電池 |
JP2015061820A (ja) * | 2009-01-15 | 2015-04-02 | ヴイティーユー ホールディング ゲーエムベーハーVtu Holding Gmbh | 水素貯蔵のためのイオン性液体を使用する方法 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2242744B1 (de) * | 2008-01-09 | 2014-06-25 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung ionischer Flüssigkeiten |
US8637082B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2014-01-28 | Life Technologies Corporation | Methods for preparation of ZnTe nanocrystals |
HUE044164T2 (hu) | 2009-10-19 | 2019-10-28 | Basf Se | Kettõs fém-cianid katalizátorok kondicionálása |
WO2011160296A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-29 | Basf Se | Modified double metal cyanide catalyst |
US9056945B2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2015-06-16 | Basf Se | Process for organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization |
US9156761B2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2015-10-13 | Basf Se | Process for preparing polyether polyols |
KR101482328B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-01-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | 디메틸카보네이트 제조용 이온성 액체-촉매 복합물 및 그 제조방법 |
CN105289730B (zh) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-02-27 | 兰州大学 | 普鲁士蓝类配合物在催化缩醛/酮反应中的应用 |
JP7316221B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-10 | 2023-07-27 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | ポリエーテル重合プロセス |
CN114133416B (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2024-06-25 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种dmc催化剂的制备方法及由其制备的dmc催化剂 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002536178A (ja) * | 1999-02-11 | 2002-10-29 | バイエル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | ポリエーテルポリオールを製造するための複金属シアン化物触媒 |
JP2003103177A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-08 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒及びその製造方法 |
JP2008540080A (ja) * | 2005-05-02 | 2008-11-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒の製造法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3278457A (en) * | 1963-02-14 | 1966-10-11 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Method of making a polyether using a double metal cyanide complex compound |
CA1155871A (en) * | 1980-10-16 | 1983-10-25 | Gencorp Inc. | Method for treating polypropylene ether and poly-1,2- butylene ether polyols |
US5783513A (en) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-07-21 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Process for making double metal cyanide catalysts |
ATE270148T1 (de) * | 2000-04-20 | 2004-07-15 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von dmc-katalysatoren |
US6429166B1 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2002-08-06 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Method for preparing metal cyanide catalyst/polyol initiator slurries |
DE10202838A1 (de) | 2002-01-24 | 2003-08-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Säuren aus chemischen Reaktionsgemischen mit Hilfe von ionischen Flüssigkeiten |
JP2004166384A (ja) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-06-10 | Sharp Corp | 非接触型給電システムにおける電磁結合特性調整方法、給電装置、および非接触型給電システム |
ES2280985T3 (es) | 2003-05-22 | 2007-09-16 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Particulas de catalizador dmc de escala nanometrica. |
US6869905B1 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2005-03-22 | Basf Corporation | Synthesis of double metal cyanides with non-aqueous solutions |
-
2008
- 2008-01-31 JP JP2009547691A patent/JP5254254B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-31 MX MX2009008311A patent/MX2009008311A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-01-31 CN CN2008800060772A patent/CN101646492B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-31 WO PCT/EP2008/051190 patent/WO2008095853A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-01-31 KR KR1020097018399A patent/KR20090108118A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-01-31 US US12/525,828 patent/US8354356B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-31 EP EP08708503A patent/EP2131955A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002536178A (ja) * | 1999-02-11 | 2002-10-29 | バイエル アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | ポリエーテルポリオールを製造するための複金属シアン化物触媒 |
JP2003103177A (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-08 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒及びその製造方法 |
JP2008540080A (ja) * | 2005-05-02 | 2008-11-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 複合金属シアン化物錯体触媒の製造法 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015061820A (ja) * | 2009-01-15 | 2015-04-02 | ヴイティーユー ホールディング ゲーエムベーハーVtu Holding Gmbh | 水素貯蔵のためのイオン性液体を使用する方法 |
JP2013198891A (ja) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-10-03 | Fujifilm Corp | カーボンアロイ材料とその製造方法、カーボンアロイ触媒および燃料電池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101646492A (zh) | 2010-02-10 |
KR20090108118A (ko) | 2009-10-14 |
US20100029961A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
WO2008095853A1 (de) | 2008-08-14 |
EP2131955A1 (de) | 2009-12-16 |
US8354356B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 |
JP5254254B2 (ja) | 2013-08-07 |
CN101646492B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
MX2009008311A (es) | 2009-08-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5254254B2 (ja) | Dmc触媒、その製造方法と利用 | |
KR101317069B1 (ko) | 아미노 염기가 첨가된 이온성 액체 중의 셀룰로오스의가용성 | |
US20080190321A1 (en) | Cellulose Solutions in Ionic Liquids | |
EP1753837B1 (de) | Verwendung von arbeitsstoffpaaren für absorptionswärmepumpen, absorptionskältemaschinen und wärmetransformatoren | |
AU2007222455B2 (en) | Method for breaking down cellulose in solution | |
WO2011069929A1 (de) | Verfahren zur isomerisierung eines gesättigten kohlenwasserstoffs | |
KR20080079271A (ko) | 이온성 액체의 제조 방법 | |
DE102006028165A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Acylierung von Cellulose | |
EP2038307A1 (de) | Verfahren zur acylierung von cellulose mit gezieltem durchschnittlichen polymerisationsgrad | |
DE102010028583B4 (de) | Abbau von Polyurethanen in Gegenwart spezieller ionischer Flüssigkeiten und einem geringen Wasseranteil | |
DE102005020347A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Doppelmetallcyanidkomplex-Katalysatoren | |
JP5758198B2 (ja) | タイヤ補強コード用のセルロース繊維紡糸用セルロース溶液の製造方法 | |
US8119822B2 (en) | Ionic liquids in the preparation of POMs | |
JP5758199B2 (ja) | タイヤ補強コード用のセルロース繊維紡糸用セルロース溶液の製造方法 | |
JP2013014652A (ja) | セルロース溶液およびその製造方法 | |
JP2013107935A (ja) | セルロース溶液の製造方法 | |
EP3106221A1 (en) | Process for preparing double metal cyanide catalysts and their use in polymerization reactions | |
JP2012005383A (ja) | セルロースの分解方法 | |
DE102006030696A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Acylierung von Cellulose mit gezieltem durchschnittlichen Polymerisationsgrad | |
MX2007012495A (en) | Cellulose solutions in ionic liquids | |
JP2012246418A (ja) | 溶液の評価方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110117 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20121106 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20130205 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20130319 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20130417 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160426 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |