JP2010511978A - 照明デバイスおよび照明方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本願は、「照明デバイスおよび照明方法」(発明者:アントニー・ポール・バン・ド・ベンおよびジェラルド・エイチ・ネグレー;代理人整理番号931 035PRO)を発明の名称とし、2006年12月1日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/868,134号の権利を請求するものであり、本願では、この特許出願全体を援用する。
本願は、「照明デバイスおよび照明方法」(発明者:アントニー・ポール・バン・ド・ベンおよびジェラルド・エイチ・ネグレー;代理人整理番号931 035NP)を発明の名称とし、2006年12月4日に出願された米国特許出願第11/566,440号の権利を請求するものであり、本願では、この特許出願全体を参考例として援用する。
(発明の分野)
本発明の要旨は照明デバイスに関し、特に1つ以上の固体発光体(例えば発光ダイオード)と、1つ以上の発光材料(例えば1つ以上の蛍光体)とを含むデバイスに関する。本発明の要旨は照明方法にも関する。
毎年、米国で発電されるかなりの比率(ある推定値では25%もの高い値)電気が照明に使用されている。したがって、よりエネルギー効率の高い照明をしたいというニーズが継続的に存在している。白熱光電球は極めてエネルギー効率の悪い光源であることが周知となっており、電球が消費する電気の約90%が光ではなく熱として放出される。蛍光灯は白熱電球よりも(約10倍)効率が高いが、固体の発光体、例えば発光ダイオードよりも効率はまだ低い。
比較的効率的であるが演色性が悪く、CRI Raが一般に75未満であり、特に赤色の演色性に欠陥があり、更に緑色の演色性においてもかなりの程度欠陥がある「白色」ランプ光源が存在する。このことは、典型的な人の肌色、食品アイテム、ラベル、ペイント、ポスター、サイン、アパレル、家の装飾、植物、花、自動車などを含む多くのものは、白熱ライトまたは自然昼光で照明された場合と比較して、変な、または違った色を呈することを意味する。一般に、かかる白色LEDランプは約5000Kの色温度を有し、この値は一般的な照明に視覚的に快適なものではないが、商業的な演出または広告および印刷物の照明に対して望ましい場合があり得る。
(1)前記第1グループの固体発光体、(2)前記第1グループのルミファーおよび(3)前記第2グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光の混合光は、1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内にあるポイントを定める1931CIE色度図上にx、y座標を有する混合光を発生し、
(1)前記第1グループの固体発光体、および(2)前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光の混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分(第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.32、0.40であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.48であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.43、0.45であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.42、0.42であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.38である)によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定めるx、y色座標を有するサブ混合光を発生するよう
(1)430nm〜480nmの領域内にピーク波長を有する光を発光する1つ以上の固体発光体を点灯し、
(2)555nm〜585nmの領域内に主要な波長を有する光を発光する1つ以上のルミファーを励起し、
(3)660nm〜630nmの領域内に主要な波長を有する光を発光する1つ以上の固体発光体を点灯すると、予期しないことに、驚くほど高い効力を得ながら、驚くほど高いCRI Raが得られることを発見した。
少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第1グループの固体発光体と、
少なくとも1つのルミファーを含む第1グループのルミファーと、
少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第2グループの固体発光体と、
少なくとも1つの第1電力線とを備え、前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々と前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々とは、前記第1電力線に電気的に接続されており、
前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に430nm〜480nmの領域内にピーク波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第1グループのルミファーの各々は、励起された場合に約550nm〜585nmの領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に600nm〜630nmの領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第1電力線に電流が供給された場合に、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)と、前記第2グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(3)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内にあるポイントを定める1931CIE色度図上にx、y座標を有する光の混合を発生し、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定めるx、y色座標を有するサブ混合光を発生し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.32、0.40であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.48であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.43、0.45であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.42、0.42であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.38である、照明デバイスが提供される。
すなわち第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定めるx、y色座標を有し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.4578、0.4101であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.4813、0.4319であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.4562、0.4260であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.4373、0.3893であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.4593、0.3944である(すなわち2700Kに近い)混合光、
または、
第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定めるx、y色座標を有し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.4338、0.4030であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.4562、0.4260であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.4299、0.4165であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.4257、0.3814であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.4373、0.3893である(すなわち3000Kに近い)混合光、
または、
第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定めるx、y色座標を有し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.4073、0.3930であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.4299、0.4165であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.3996、0.4015であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.3889、0.3690であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.4147、0.3814である(すなわち3500Kに近い)混合光に関する。
少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第1グループの固体発光体を点灯し、前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々が430nm〜480nmの領域内にピーク波長を有する光を発光するようにするステップと、
少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第2グループの固体発光体を点灯し、前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々が600nm〜630nmの領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光するようにするステップと、
少なくとも1つのルミファーを含む第1グループのルミファーを励起し、前記第1グループのルミファーの各々が555nm〜585nmの領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光するようにするステップとを備え、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)と、前記第2グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(3)との混合光は、1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内にあるポイントを定める1931CIE色度図上にx、y座標を有する混合光を発生し、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の第1領域内にあるポイントを定めるx、y色座標を有するサブ混合光を発生し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.32、0.40であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.48であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.43、0.45であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.42、0.42であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.38である、照明方法が提供される。
本発明の要旨に係わるある実施形態では、第1電力線に電流を供給した場合、第1グループの固体発光体と、第2グループのルミファーと、第2グループの固体発光体によって発光される光の強度は、照明デバイスによって発光される光の全強度のうちの少なくとも約75%(ある実施形態では少なくとも約85%であり、ある実施形態では少なくとも約90%、95%)である。
前記第1グループのルミファーの各々は、励起された場合に約560nm〜580nm(ある実施形態では565nm〜575nm)の領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光し、および/または
前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に605nm〜630nm(ある実施形態では610nm〜620nm)の領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光する。
で表記することができ、各々が特定の色合いからの共通距離にあるポイントの軌跡によって定められる色合いは、各々が特定の色合いから共通する程度異なって知覚される色合いから成る。
に従い、ここで、Eは発光強度であり、8は発光波長であり、Tは黒体の色温度であり、AおよびBは定数である。黒体の軌跡の上またはその近くにあるカラー座標は、人の観察者に対して快適な白色光を発生する。1976CIE色度図は、黒体軌跡に沿った色のリストを含む。これら色のリストは、かかる温度を高めるようにされた黒体輻射体のカラー軌跡を示す。加熱された物体が白熱状態になるにつれ、この物体は、まず赤みがかって発光し、次に黄色味がかり、次に白色、最後に青色味がかる。このような現象が生じる理由は、ウィーン変位則に従い、温度が高まるにつれ黒体輻射体のピーク輻射に関連する波長が次第に短くなるからである。したがって、黒体の軌跡上またはその近くにある光を発生する発光体を、その色温度で記述できる。
以下、本発明の要旨の実施形態を示した添付図面を参照し、本発明の要旨についてより全体的に説明する。しかしながら、この本発明の要旨は本明細書に記載する実施形態だけに限定されると見なすべきではない。それよりもこれら実施形態は本明細書の開示を完全にするように記載したものであり、当業者に対して本発明の要旨の範囲を完全に伝えるものである。図面において同様な番号は同様な要素を示す。本明細書に記載する「および/または」なる用語は、リストアップした関連するアイテムの1つ以上のすべての組み合わせを含むものである。
赤色LED16aの各々の両端における電圧降下は約2ボルトである。
Claims (21)
- 少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第1グループの固体発光体と、
少なくとも1つのルミファーを含む、第1グループのルミファーと、
少なくとも1つのソリッドステート発光体を含む、第2グループの固体発光体と、
少なくとも1つの第1電力線とを備え、前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々と前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々とは、前記第1電力線に電気的に接続されており、
前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に430nm〜480nmの領域内にピーク波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第1グループのルミファーの各々は、励起された場合に約550nm〜585nmの領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に600nm〜630nmの領域内に主要波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第1電力ラインに電流が供給された場合に、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)と、前記第2グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(3)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内にあるポイントを定める1931CIE色度図上にx、y座標を有する混合光を発生し、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定める、x、y色座標を有するサブ混合光を発生し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.32、0.40であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.48であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.43、0.45であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.42、0.42であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.38である、照明デバイス。 - 前記第1グループの固体発光体は、複数の第1LEDを備え、前記第2グループの固体発光体は、複数の第2LEDを備える、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記第1電力ラインに電気的に接続された少なくとも1つのスイッチを更に備え、前記スイッチは、前記第1電力ラインへの電流を選択的にオンオフするようにスイッチングする、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記サブ混合光は、第1線分、第2線分、第3線分および第4線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定める、x、yカラー座標を有し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.32、0.40であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.48であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.41、0.455であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.38である、請求項1記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記第1グループの固体発光体は、少なくとも5つの発光ダイオードを備え、前記第2グループの固体発光体は、少なくとも5つのルミファーを備える、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記第1グループの固体発光体の内の固体発光体のすべてを点灯した場合に、前記第1グループのルミファーのうちの少なくとも1つが前記第1グループの固体発光体から発光された光により励起される、請求項1記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記第1グループの固体発光体の内の固体発光体のすべてを点灯した場合に、前記第1グループのルミファーのうちのすべてのルミファーが前記第1グループの固体発光体から発光された光により励起される、請求項1記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記第1グループの前記固体発光体のうちの固体発光体のうちの少なくとも1つは、カプセル化要素内に埋め込まれており、前記カプセル化要素内には前記第1グループのルミファーのうちの少なくとも1つも埋め込まれている、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記混合光は、少なくとも80のCRI Raを有する、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記照明デバイスは、ワット当たり少なくとも25ルーメンの効力を有する、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。
- 密閉されたスペースおよび請求項1に記載の少なくとも1つの照明デバイスを含む密閉体であり、前記第1電力ラインに電流を供給した場合に、前記照明デバイスは、前記密閉されたスペースのうちの少なくとも一部を照明する密閉体。
- ある表面と、請求項1に記載の少なくとも1つの照明デバイスとを含む構造体であり、前記第1電力ラインに電流を供給した場合に、前記照明デバイスは前記表面のうちの少なくとも一部を照明する構造体。
- プール、部屋、倉庫、インジケータ、道路、車両、道路標識、ビルボード、船舶、航空機、スタジアム、ツリー、ウィンドーおよび街灯から成る群から選択され、請求項1に記載の少なくとも1つの照明デバイス内部またはその上部に取り付けられている少なくとも1つのアイテムを含む領域。
- 前記照明デバイスは、並列なLED列の少なくとも1つの第1の組を備え、前記並列なLEDの前記第1の組は、少なくとも1つのLED列と、第2LED列とを備え、前記並列なLED列の前記第1の組は、前記第1電力ラインに対して直列に配置されており、
第1の比は、第2の比と異なり、
前記第1の比は、前記第2グループの固体発光体の内および前記第1LED列内のLEDの数(1)を、前記第1グループの固体発光体の内および前記第1LEDストリング内のLEDの数(2)で割った値に等しく、
前記第2の比は、前記第2グループの固体発光体の内および前記第2LED列内のLEDの数(3)を、前記第1グループの固体発光体の内および前記第2LED列内のLEDの数(4)で割った値に等しい、請求項1に記載の照明デバイス。 - 前記第1および第2LED列のうちの1つに直接またはスイッチング可能に電気接続された少なくとも1つの電流調節器を更に備え、前記電流調節器は、調節された場合に、前記第1および第2LED列のうちの前記一方へ供給される電流を調節する、請求項14に記載の照明デバイス。
- 1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内に、前記混合光を維持するように、前記電流調節器を自動的に調節する、請求項15に記載の照明デバイス。
- 前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に440nm〜480nmのレンジ内にピーク波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第1グループのルミファーの各々は、励起された場合に約560nm〜580nmのレンジ内に主要波長を有する光を発光し、
前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々は、点灯された場合に605nm〜630nmのレンジ内に主要波長を有する光を発光する、請求項1記載の照明デバイス。 - 少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第1グループの固体発光体を点灯し、前記第1グループの固体発光体の各々が430nm〜480nmのレンジ内にピーク波長を有する光を発光するようにするステップと、
少なくとも1つの固体発光体を含む、第2グループの固体発光体を点灯し、前記第2グループの固体発光体の各々が600nm〜630nmのレンジ内に主要波長を有する光を発光するようにするステップと、
少なくとも1つのルミファーを含む、第1グループのルミファーを励起し、前記第1グループのルミファーの各々が555nm〜585nmのレンジ内に主要波長を有する光を発光するようにするステップとを備え、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)と、前記第2グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(3)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内にあるポイントを定める1931CIE色度図上にx、y座標を有する光の混合を発生し、
前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(1)と、前記第1グループのルミファーによって発光され、前記照明デバイスから射出された光(2)との混合光は、任意の別の光がない場合に、第1線分、第2線分、第3線分、第4線分および第5線分によって囲まれた1931CIE色度図上の領域内にあるポイントを定める、x、yカラー座標を有するサブ混合光を発生し、第1線分は第1ポイントと第2ポイントとを接続し、第2線分は第2ポイントと第3ポイントとを接続し、第3線分は第3ポイントと第4ポイントとを接続し、第4線分は第4ポイントと第5ポイントとを接続し、第5線分は第5ポイントと第1ポイントとを接続し、第1ポイントのx、y座標は0.32、0.40であり、第2ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.48であり、第3ポイントのx、y座標は0.43、0.45であり、第4ポイントのx、y座標は0.42、0.42であり、第5ポイントのx、y座標は0.36、0.38である、照明方法。 - 前記第1グループの固体発光体と前記第2グループの固体発光体とは、第1電力ラインに接続されており、
前記第1グループの固体発光体と前記第2グループの固体発光体とは、前記第1電力ラインに電流を供給することにより点灯される、請求項18記載の方法。 - 前記第1グループのルミファーは、前記第1グループの固体発光体によって発光された光によって励起される、請求項19記載の方法。
- ハウジングと、
1931CIE色度図上の黒体軌跡上の少なくとも1つのポイントの10のマッカダム楕円内にあるポイントを定める、1931CIE色度図上のx、y座標を有する光を発生するための手段とを備える照明デバイス。
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US7213940B1 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
CN101617405B (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
TWI484123B (zh) | 2015-05-11 |
JP5053383B2 (ja) | 2012-10-17 |
KR20090086455A (ko) | 2009-08-12 |
EP2102908A1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
TW200827618A (en) | 2008-07-01 |
WO2008070541A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
CN101617405A (zh) | 2009-12-30 |
BRPI0721052A2 (pt) | 2014-12-23 |
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