JP2010511850A - ガス貯蔵媒体及びガス貯蔵装置並びにその貯蔵方法 - Google Patents
ガス貯蔵媒体及びガス貯蔵装置並びにその貯蔵方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010511850A JP2010511850A JP2009540161A JP2009540161A JP2010511850A JP 2010511850 A JP2010511850 A JP 2010511850A JP 2009540161 A JP2009540161 A JP 2009540161A JP 2009540161 A JP2009540161 A JP 2009540161A JP 2010511850 A JP2010511850 A JP 2010511850A
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
本発明の属する技術分野における通常の知識を有する者が本発明の技術思想を容易に実施できる程度に詳細に説明するため、本発明の好ましい実施形態を添付図面を参照して説明する。また、明細書全体にわたって同じ図面符号(または、参照符号)を付した部分は、同じ要素を表す。
例えば、図3及び図4に示すように、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ構造は、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201と、その間の、試料の合成時に含まれる水202とから構成されていることがわかる。このとき、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201の層間距離tは、略0.67nm程度となり、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201の厚さは、0.48nm程度となる。この五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201の層間距離tは、水202が捕集または脱着するときに調整される。ここで、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201の層間距離tは、両層においていずれも引力が作用するように近くなければならず、その距離が数百ナノメートル以上の場合は、その引力はほとんど作用しない。したがって、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201の層間距離tは、100nm以下、好ましくは0.1〜100nmに維持しなければならない。図4は、五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質201が結晶をなして棒状になっていることがわかる。この棒状の結晶質が複数集まっているバルク形態は、物質を貯蔵するときに容易である。
ガス貯蔵媒体101は、金属酸化物、半導体酸化物、遷移金属化合物、及び遷移金属酸化物からなる群から選択されたいずれか1つを用いて形成するか、これらにイオン交換樹脂及び溶媒を追加混合して形成する。このとき、イオン交換樹脂は、金属酸化物または半導体酸化物の成長を助ける役割を果たす。また、溶媒は、ナノワイヤ結晶質間に安着し、金属酸化物結晶質、半導体酸化物結晶質、または溶媒−金属(または、半導体)酸化物結晶質を含むナノワイヤ結晶質が形成されるようにする。
まず、加熱部材105によりガス貯蔵媒体101の内部温度を上昇させ、ガス貯蔵媒体101の層間距離を最大限に広げる。その後、加圧して、外部からチャンバ104の流入口104Aを介してガス貯蔵媒体101にガスを流入させ、1気圧以上の高圧を加える。次いで、冷却部材106によりガス貯蔵媒体101の内部を冷却させながら、加熱部材105の動作を停止させる。このとき、温度が徐々に低下している間、ガス貯蔵媒体101の内部圧力をそのまま維持させ、貯蔵対象物質の分子間距離を最小化して吸着が起きやすくする。これにより、水素を含む物質をガス貯蔵媒体101に貯蔵する。その後、加熱部材105によりガス貯蔵媒体101を加熱すると、ガス貯蔵媒体101の内部に吸着している物質または貯蔵されている物質を排出させる。
図5は、本発明に係るガス貯蔵方法の一実施形態を説明するためのフローチャートを示す図である。図1及び図5に示すように、ガス貯蔵媒体101を作製した後、ガス貯蔵媒体101を加熱部材105及び冷却部材106の内部に接するようにチャンバ104内に設置する。
前記貯蔵対象物質の貯蔵方法において、ガス貯蔵媒体101の内部温度は、常温(21〜23℃)でも貯蔵対象物質、例えば、水素の貯蔵が可能であるが、水素を高温で吸着させてから温度を低下させると、吸着効果が増加し、温度を4.2K℃、好ましくは液体窒素温度(77K)まで低下させると、水素がより効果的にナノワイヤ結晶質に吸着し、加圧状態において極低温、すなわち、液体窒素温度以下に低下させると、水素貯蔵量をより増加させることができる。これにより、ステップS52の前に、ガス貯蔵媒体101の内部を常温及び液体窒素温度を含む極低温まで冷却するステップをさらに追加することにより、水素注入量を増加させることができる。
図6は、本発明に係るガス排出方法の一実施形態を説明するためのフローチャートを示す図である。図6を参照すると、加熱部材105により物質が吸着しているナノワイヤ結晶質に熱を加えて内部温度を上昇させた後、排出弁を開放して排出口104Bを介してナノワイヤ結晶質から脱着した物質を排出する(S61、S62)。このとき、物質が全体的に吸着する濃度より高い段階、すなわち、飽和段階以上では、温度を上昇させなくても排出させることができる。
[実験例]
<バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質構造の観察>
図7は、本発明の実験例による五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質構造をAFM観察した結果を示す図で、作製されたガス貯蔵媒体の構造をAFM(Atomic Force Microscope)観察し、その結果を示している。
図8は、本発明の実験例による五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質の水素貯蔵量をTGA分析した結果を示す図で、実験例で作製されたガス貯蔵媒体を含むガス貯蔵装置の水素貯蔵量を分析するために、熱重量分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis、TGA)を用いて実験を行い、その結果を示している。このとき、実験方法は、温度による重量(重量比)の変化を測定して試料の組成分析及び熱安定性に関する情報を提供し、本実験では、水素が貯蔵されていない状態において、水素の貯蔵量が最大どれくらいの重量%(W%)になるかを知るために、水素を貯蔵する前に、吸脱着可能な物質で満たされていたガス貯蔵媒体の質量と、吸脱着可能な物質がすべて除去されたときのガス貯蔵媒体の質量とを比較して水素の最大貯蔵量を測定した。
図10は、本発明の実験例による五酸化バナジウムナノワイヤ結晶質のヘリウム貯蔵特性を示す図で、ヘリウム貯蔵量を分析したグラフであって、X軸は時間、Y軸は周波数である。
図11は、本発明に係るガス貯蔵装置の一実施形態を説明するための構成図で、図2は、図1に示したガス貯蔵媒体の拡大構成図で、水素貯蔵量を分析したグラフであって、X軸は時間、Y軸は周波数である。
Claims (25)
- 価数変動可能な物質が互いに離隔して多層の層状構造をなし、前記物質は、化学的結合に加わらない余分な電子を含むことを特徴とするガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記層状構造において、各層間には、吸脱着可能な物質が分子形態で前記価数変動可能な物質と化学的または物理的に結合していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記層状構造において、各層が、互いに同じ物質からなるか、互いに異なる物質からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記層状構造において、各層間が、0.1〜100nm離隔していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記物質が、ナノワイヤ結晶質からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記層状構造において、各層間の空間には、前記ナノワイヤ結晶質と貯蔵対象物質とが化学的結合によって結合する構造で貯蔵されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記化学的結合が、イオン結合、金属結合、及びファンデルワールス結合のうちのいずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記ナノワイヤ結晶質が、半導体ナノ物質、遷移金属と結合した化合物、及び遷移金属酸化物からなる群から選択されたいずれか1つで形成されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記遷移金属が、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Cd、La、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、及びHgからなる群から選択されたいずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記遷移金属と結合した化合物が、LaNi5、MmNi3、Mg2Ni、TiMn2、TiV2、TiFe、TiCo、TiVCr、TiVMn、Mg2Cu、ZrMn2、ZrV2、及びLiAlからなる群から選択されたいずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記遷移金属酸化物が、酸化バナジウムであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記酸化バナジウムが、VO2、V2O3、及びV2O5からなる群から選択されたいずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記ナノワイヤ結晶質が、試料の合成時または合成後に、イオン注入によりイオンがドーピングされていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記イオンが、遷移金属から選択されたいずれか1つを使用することを特徴とする請求項13に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記ナノワイヤ結晶質が、イオン交換樹脂及び溶媒をさらに追加して形成されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記溶媒には、表面積1nm2〜10000μm2の物質が混合されていることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記溶媒には、炭素ナノチューブ、導電性ナノワイヤ、非導電性ナノワイヤ、及び有機物からなる群から選択されたいずれか1つのナノドット形態の物質が混合されていることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記溶媒には、ポリピロール、ポリアセチレン、及びポリエチレンからなる群から選択されたいずれか1つまたは少なくとも2つ以上のポリマーが混合されていることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- 前記ナノワイヤ結晶質が、ナノ薄膜、ペレット、バルク、及びフィルム形態からなる群から選択されたいずれか1つの形態を有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のガス貯蔵媒体。
- チャンバと、
前記チャンバの内部に設けられたガス貯蔵媒体と、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体を加熱する加熱部材と、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体を冷却する冷却部材とを備え、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体は、価数変動可能な物質が互いに離隔して多層の層状構造をなし、前記物質は、化学的結合に加わらない余分な電子を含むことを特徴とするガス貯蔵装置。 - 前記チャンバが、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体に貯蔵対象物質が流入する流入口と、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体から前記貯蔵対象物質が排出される排出口とを備え、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体は、前記価数変動可能な物質を支持する支持部材をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項20に記載のガス貯蔵装置。 - チャンバと、前記チャンバの内部に設けられたガス貯蔵媒体と、前記ガス貯蔵媒体を加熱する加熱部材と、前記ガス貯蔵媒体を冷却する冷却部材とを備えるガス貯蔵装置を用いたガス貯蔵方法において、
前記加熱部材により前記ガス貯蔵媒体を加熱するステップと、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体に貯蔵対象物質を流入させるステップと、
前記冷却部材により前記ガス貯蔵媒体を冷却させ、前記貯蔵対象物質を前記ガス貯蔵媒体の内部に貯蔵するステップとを含むことを特徴とするガス貯蔵方法。 - 前記ガス貯蔵媒体に貯蔵対象物質を流入させるステップの前、
前記ガス貯蔵媒体を常温まで冷却させるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のガス貯蔵方法。 - 前記ガス貯蔵媒体を加熱するステップにおいては、前記ガス貯蔵媒体の内部を真空状態に維持させ、
前記加熱部材により前記ガス貯蔵媒体を加熱するステップにおいては、前記ガス貯蔵媒体の内部に吸着している物質が脱着するように前記ガス貯蔵媒体が加熱されることを特徴とする請求項22に記載のガス貯蔵方法。 - 前記ガス貯蔵媒体から脱着した物質を前記チャンバの外部に排出させるステップをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項22に記載のガス貯蔵方法。
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CN107543033A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-05 | 吉林科领科技有限公司 | 一种金属氢化物储氢装置 |
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CN113428830A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-24 | 上海晶维材料科技有限公司 | 一种低激活温度高性能吸气薄膜 |
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KR100910059B1 (ko) | 2009-07-30 |
EP2102100A1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
KR20080052321A (ko) | 2008-06-11 |
CN101553426A (zh) | 2009-10-07 |
US20110017613A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
US8182582B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
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