JP2010500025A - 霊長類ハンチントン遺伝子発現をinvivoで抑制する方法および配列 - Google Patents
霊長類ハンチントン遺伝子発現をinvivoで抑制する方法および配列 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2006年8月9日出願の米国出願11/501,634号の一部継続出願であり;該出願は2006年5月4日出願の米国出願11/429,491号の一部継続出願であり、該出願は2005年5月6日出願の仮特許出願60/678,792号に優先権を請求する。
発明の分野
本発明は、アカゲザル(rhesus monkeys)(マカカ・ムラタ(Macaca mulatta))およびヒト(humans)(ホモ・サピエンス(Homo sapiens))を含む霊長類において、ハンチントン病遺伝子の発現を抑制する阻害性核酸分子、ならびにその使用法に関する。
発明の背景
ハンチントン病(「HD」)は、若年または成人発症型の神経変性脳障害である。該疾患は、罹患した個体が歩き、考え、話し、そして判断する能力を緩慢に破壊する。症状には、認知能の変化、例えば短期記憶障害および集中する能力の減少;気分の変化、例えば気分のむら、抑うつおよび興奮性の発展;ならびに協調性および肉体的運動の変化、例えば不器用さ、不随意運動および単収縮が含まれる。これらの症状は、HD患者が死ぬまで、疾患発症後、およそ15〜20年間、次第に悪化する。
発明の概要
本発明は、HD遺伝子の発現を抑制するためにRNA干渉(「RNAi」)を用いるための方法、核酸配列および分子、発現カセット、ならびにベクターを記載する。HD遺伝子の発現の抑制は、細胞内のハンチンチン・レベルを減少させうる。この抑制および減少は、HD発病機序の研究において、有用でありうる。この抑制および減少はまた、HD症状の防止および治療にも有用でありうる。具体的には、RNAiは、二本鎖RNA(「dsRNA」)、短いヘアピンRNA(「shRNA」)または類似の特性を持つ他の核酸分子によって仲介される。これらの核酸分子は、DicerおよびDroshaを含む細胞酵素によって、より小さい片にプロセシングされるかまたは切断される。次いで、核酸分子のより小さい断片は、mRNAの分解を仲介する、RNA誘導性サイレンシング複合体(「RISC複合体」)と呼ばれるタンパク質複合体によって、取り込まれうる。RISC複合体は、取り込んだ核酸分子と相補的に塩基対形成するmRNAを分解するであろう。この方式で、mRNAは特異的に破壊され、したがってmRNAがコードするタンパク質が作製されるのを防止する。
発明の詳細な説明
用語「配列番号X」(ここでXは1〜15の任意の数字である)は、1つの態様において、表1に定義するような各数字の配列(同定された配列)を指す。配列番号Xはまた、配列番号1〜15に示す配列の相補鎖とハイブリダイズし、そして限定なしに、HEK293細胞、4MBR5細胞、LLC−MK2細胞、HeLA細胞、あるいはマカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスの任意の他の細胞種から選択される細胞種において、特定の配列番号のターゲットmRNAを減少させるであろう配列を含むとも読み取らなくてはならない。この定義のもとに、請求される配列には、同定された配列との少なくとも99%の配列相同性;同定された配列との少なくとも98%の配列相同性;同定された配列との少なくとも95%の配列相同性;同定された配列との少なくとも90%の配列相同性;または同定された配列との少なくとも85%の配列相同性が含まれてもよい。
表1. siRNA配列
表2.組織パンチ供給源の要約
実施例1:本発明のshNAを用いた、アカゲザル脳における、ハンチンチン・タンパク質発現抑制の安全性の前臨床試験
12ヶ月の期間に渡って、正常成体アカゲザル脳において、ハンチンチン・タンパク質発現抑制の安全性の前臨床研究を行う。研究の最初の3ヶ月間、6匹のアカゲザル(マカカ・ムラタ)をトレーニングして、ヒト神経心理学的試験(CANTAB、CeNeS、英国ケンブリッジ)に基づく、商業的に入手可能なコンピュータ化行動試験群の課題(サルCANTAB、モデル80650、Lafayette Instruments、インディアナ州ラファイエット)を行わせる。試験群に関するこれらの6頭のサルの成績を、アカゲザルに関する先に公表された成績標準に比較して、サルの認知能が正常限界以内であることを検証する。例えば、Weedら, Brain Research: Cognitive Brain Research, 1999, October 25;8(3)185−201を参照されたい。
実施例2:本発明のshNAを用いた、ヒト患者におけるハンチントン病(「HD」)の治療
成体霊長類脳の尾状核および被殻におけるハンチンチン・タンパク質抑制の安全性が、アカゲザルにおいて確立されたならば、当業者に周知の方法を用いて、アカゲザルにおける前臨床安全性試験で用いたものと同じshNA発現カセットを、AAVベクター内に操作して入れる。このAAVベクターは、配列番号17のshNAをコードする短いヘアピンRNA転写物の発現を駆動するRNAポリメラーゼIIIプロモーターを含有する発現カセットを含む。AAVベクターは、場合によって、緑色蛍光タンパク質レポーター遺伝子をコードする第二の発現カセットを含有せず、これは、この発現カセットが、患者におけるHDの治療には不要であるためである。
実施例1:配列番号17のshNAの注射は、局所的に、そして有意に、HD mRNAの量を減少させる
上に開示するshNA配列が、in vivoで有効であることを検証するため、CMVプロモーターの調節下のGFP配列の上流の、ヒトU6プロモーターの制御下にある配列番号26または配列番号17のshNAあるいは対照shNA(配列番号18)を含むAAVベクターを含む、3*1011ウイルス粒子を以下のようにアカゲザル内に注射した:
表3.実験設計
実施例2:配列番号17のshNAの注射は、大きな解剖学的異常を引き起こさず、そして形質導入細胞の小胞体を損なわない。
実施例3:配列番号17のshNAの注射は、自発的な活動を改変せず、そして細かい運動活動を改善する傾向がある。
実施例4.配列番号26の注射は、ハンチンチンmRNAを抑制する。
実施例5.配列番号26を注射した動物の行動。
実施例6.配列番号26を注射した動物における組織学的データ。
Claims (39)
- マカカ・ムラタ(Macaca mulatta)またはホモ・サピエンス(Homo sapiens)におけるハンチントン病(「HD」)の細胞傷害効果を防止する方法であって:
細胞内に、HDと関連するタンパク質の集積を抑制するのに十分な量の単離核酸二重鎖を導入する、ここで、該核酸二重鎖がHDの細胞傷害効果を防止し、そして該核酸二重鎖が核酸の第一の鎖および核酸の第二の鎖を含み、第一の鎖が配列番号1および配列番号4からなる群のメンバーによってコードされる少なくとも19の隣接ヌクレオチドを含み、そして第二の鎖が第一の鎖の少なくとも15の隣接ヌクレオチドに相補的である
工程を含む、前記方法。 - マカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスにおけるハンチンチンの発現を阻害する方法であって:
細胞内に、ハンチンチンの発現を阻害するのに十分な量の単離核酸二重鎖を導入する、ここで、前記核酸二重鎖がHDと関連するタンパク質の発現を阻害し、該核酸二重鎖が核酸の第一の鎖および核酸の第二の鎖を含み、第一の鎖が配列番号1および配列番号4からなる群のメンバーによってコードされる少なくとも19の隣接ヌクレオチドを含み、そして第二の鎖が第一の鎖の少なくとも15の隣接ヌクレオチドに相補的である
工程を含む、前記方法。 - 単離核酸二重鎖が配列番号1を含む、請求項1または2の方法。
- 単離核酸二重鎖が配列番号4を含む、請求項1または2の方法。
- 前記単離核酸二重鎖がベクター内に含まれる、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項の方法。
- ベクターがウイルスベクターである、請求項5の方法。
- ウイルスベクターがアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、請求項6の方法。
- 前記マカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスが、核酸複合体の導入工程後、少なくとも4週間生存する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記マカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスが、細かい運動活動の機能障害を示さない、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記核酸二重鎖を、被殻、尾状核、放線冠、および線条体からなる群より選択される脳構造に位置する少なくとも1つの細胞内に導入する、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記核酸二重鎖の発現が、少なくとも1つの細胞の小胞体を損なわない、請求項10の方法。
- 前記核酸二重鎖の発現が、カルネキシンの発現または分布を損なわない、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記核酸二重鎖の発現が、タンパク質ジスルフィドイソメラーゼ(PDI)の発現または分布を損なわない、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記核酸二重鎖が、長さ19〜30塩基対の間である、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記核酸二重鎖の前記の第一の鎖および/または前記の第二の鎖が、オーバーハング領域をさらに含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記オーバーハング領域が、3’オーバーハング領域、5’オーバーハング領域、または3’および5’オーバーハング領域の両方を含む、請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記オーバーハング領域が、長さ1〜10ヌクレオチドである、請求項15または16記載の方法。
- 核酸二重鎖の前記の第一の鎖および前記の第二の鎖が、核酸ループ鎖によって、機能可能であるように連結されて、二重鎖構造およびループ構造を含むヘアピン構造を形成する、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記ループ構造が4〜10ヌクレオチドを含有する、請求項18記載の方法。
- 核酸の第一の鎖および核酸の第二の鎖を含む核酸分子であって、前記の第一の鎖がヌクレオチド配列を含み、そして前記の第二の鎖が前記の第一の鎖の前記ヌクレオチド配列の逆相補体を含み、そして前記の核酸分子が、前記核酸分子をマカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンス細胞に適用した際に、前記のいずれかの種の細胞においてRNA干渉を誘導することによって、前記細胞においてハンチンチンをコードするマカカ・ムラタおよびホモ・サピエンスmRNA配列の両方の発現を抑制する、前記核酸分子。
- 核酸の前記の第一の鎖が、配列番号1、配列番号2、配列番号3、配列番号4、配列番号5、配列番号6からなる群によってコードされる少なくとも19の隣接ヌクレオチドを含み、そして前記の第二の鎖が、第一の鎖の少なくとも15の隣接ヌクレオチドに相補的であるか、または核酸の前記の第一の鎖が、配列番号9、配列番号10、配列番号11、配列番号12、配列番号13、配列番号14、および配列番号15からなる群によってコードされる少なくとも27の隣接ヌクレオチドを含み、そして第二の鎖が第一の鎖の少なくとも23の隣接ヌクレオチドに相補的である、請求項20記載の核酸分子。
- 前記の第一の鎖が長さ19〜30塩基対の間である、請求項20記載の核酸分子。
- 前記の第一の鎖および/または前記の第二の鎖が、3’オーバーハング領域、5’オーバーハング領域、または3’および5’オーバーハング領域の両方を含む、請求項20記載の核酸分子。
- 前記の第一の鎖および前記の第二の鎖が、核酸ループ鎖によって、機能可能であるように連結されて、二重鎖構造およびループ構造を含むヘアピン構造を形成する、請求項20記載の核酸分子。
- 前記ループ構造が4〜13ヌクレオチドを含有する、請求項24記載の核酸分子。
- 請求項20の核酸分子の少なくとも1つの鎖をコードする核酸を含む、発現カセット。
- プロモーター、ポリアデニル化シグナル、マーカー遺伝子およびその組み合わせからなる群より選択されるさらなる特徴をさらに含む、請求項26記載の発現カセット。
- 前記プロモーターが、制御可能プロモーター、恒常的プロモーター、CMVプロモーター、RSVプロモーター、pol IIプロモーターおよびpol IIIプロモーターからなる群より選択される、請求項27記載の発現カセット。
- 請求項26の発現カセットを含むベクター。
- 前記ベクターが2つの発現カセットを含み、第一の発現カセットが、請求項20の前記核酸分子の前記の第一の鎖をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含み、そして第二の発現カセットが、請求項20の核酸分子の前記の第二の鎖をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項29記載のベクター。
- 前記ベクターがウイルスベクターである、請求項29記載のベクター。
- 前記ベクターが、制御可能プロモーター、誘導性プロモーター、恒常的プロモーター、CMVプロモーター、RSVプロモーター、pol IIプロモーターおよびpol IIIプロモーターからなる群より選択されるプロモーターをさらに含む、請求項29記載のベクター。
- 請求項26の発現カセットを含む、哺乳動物細胞。
- 請求項26の発現カセットを含む、非ヒト哺乳動物。
- ハンチントン病の療法的治療および/または予防的治療のための薬剤製造における、請求項20の核酸分子の使用であって、細胞への前記薬剤の導入が、ハンチンチン遺伝子の発現を少なくとも10%阻害する、前記使用。
- 前記細胞における突然変異体ハンチンチンの細胞傷害効果を減少させる、請求項35記載の使用。
- 前記細胞がマカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスのニューロン細胞である、請求項36記載の使用。
- 請求項29のベクターを用いて、前記核酸分子を導入する、請求項35記載の使用。
- ハンチントン病の療法的治療および/または予防的治療のための薬剤の製造における、請求項29のベクターの使用であって:ニューロン細胞を含有するマカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスを提供し、ここで、前記ニューロン細胞がハンチンチン遺伝子を含有し、そして前記ニューロン細胞が核酸干渉に感受性であり、そしてハンチンチン遺伝子が前記ニューロン細胞において発現される;そして前記マカカ・ムラタまたはホモ・サピエンスと前記薬剤を接触させて、それによってハンチンチン遺伝子の発現を阻害する工程を含む、前記使用。
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EP2056881A2 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
US7902352B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
US20100325746A9 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
WO2008021136A3 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
US20070261126A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
WO2008021136A2 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
WO2008021136B1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
CN101557831A (zh) | 2009-10-14 |
EP2056881A4 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
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