JP2010183059A - ハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ - Google Patents
ハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010183059A JP2010183059A JP2009208445A JP2009208445A JP2010183059A JP 2010183059 A JP2010183059 A JP 2010183059A JP 2009208445 A JP2009208445 A JP 2009208445A JP 2009208445 A JP2009208445 A JP 2009208445A JP 2010183059 A JP2010183059 A JP 2010183059A
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- Prior art keywords
- airgel
- transition metal
- carbon
- nitride
- cathode
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- -1 transition metal nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynevanadium Chemical compound [V]#N SKKMWRVAJNPLFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynemolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]#N GPBUGPUPKAGMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CFJRGWXELQQLSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#N CFJRGWXELQQLSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KVBYPTUGEKVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-diol;formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KVBYPTUGEKVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 9
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical group CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004967 Metal oxide aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPHBWRJXTUNCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V+5].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] Chemical compound [V+5].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] LPHBWRJXTUNCAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(v) ethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Nb](OCC)(OCC)(OCC)OCC ZTILUDNICMILKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】炭素エアロゲルアノードと、表面酸化した遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードとを含むハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタである。
【選択図】図1
Description
スーパーキャパシタの蓄電容量を増やすためには、静電容量が電極の表面積に比例するため、大きな比表面積を有する電極材料を使用することになる。また、それ以外にもスーパーキャパシタの電極には、高い電子伝導度、電気化学的に非活性、容易な成形及び加工性などの特性が要求されて、通常、これら特性に対応する多孔性炭素材料が最も多く使用されている。上記多孔性炭素材料としては、活性炭素、活性炭素繊維、非晶質炭素、炭素エアロゲル、炭素複合材料、及び炭素ナノチューブなどがある。
本発明によるハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタは、表面酸化した一体型遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードを使用する。
隔離膜はアノードとカソードの内部短絡を遮断し電解液を含浸する役割を行う。本発明によるハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタに用いられる隔離膜の材料としては、ポリエチレン不織布、ポリプロピレン不織布、ポリエステル不織布、ポリアクリロニトリルの多孔性隔離膜、ポリ(フッ化ビニリデン)ヘキサフルオロプロパン共重合体の多孔性隔離膜、セルロースの多孔性隔離膜、クラフト紙またはレーヨン繊維などを使用でき、電池及びキャパシタ分野で一般に用いられる隔離膜であれば、特に制限はない。
本発明によるハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタに充電される電解質としては、水性電解質、非水性電解質、または固体電解質などを使用できる。
<一体型炭素エアロゲルアノードの製造>
レゾルシノール(R)とホルムアルデヒド(F)を塩基性触媒である炭酸ナトリウムと共に水溶液上で縮合して得られたゾル溶液をカーボン紙に含浸させた後、RFカーボン紙の蒸発を防止するために閉鎖容器中のガラス板の間に入れて乾燥させた。続いて、アセトンで残留水分を置換してカーボン紙に含浸されたRFエアロゲル複合体を得た。得られたカーボン紙に含浸されたRFエアロゲル複合体を窒素雰囲気下で高温熱分解(700〜1050℃)して一体型炭素エアロゲルを得た。次に、有効気孔を増加させるためにCO2活性化処理して最終的に3次元ネットワーク構造を有する一体型炭素エアロゲルを得た。
メタバナジン酸アンモニウム溶液を樹脂に通過させてイオン交換処理されたデカバナジン酸から五酸化バナジウムゲルを得た。上記ゲルを超臨界条件下で溶液交換により水を持続的に除去して高表面積の酸化バナジウムエアロゲル(V205・1.6H20)を得た。
上記一体型炭素エアロゲル電極をアノードとして、上記表面酸化した一体型窒化バナジウムエアロゲル電極をカソードとして用い、電流集電体やバインダを使用せずに銅線だけを連結して作動電極を作製しハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタを製造した。電解質としては1MのH2SO4水溶液を用いた。
<炭素エアロゲル電極をアノード及びカソードとして用いたスーパーキャパシタの製造>
上記実施例に記載した炭素エアロゲルの製造方法により、一体型炭素エアロゲル電極を二つ製造して、アノード及びカソードを上記一体型炭素エアロゲル電極とするスーパーキャパシタを製造した。
本発明の実施例により製造されたハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ(炭素エアロゲルアノード/表面酸化したVNエアロゲルカソード)と、本発明の比較例により製造されたスーパーキャパシタ(炭素エアロゲルアノード/炭素エアロゲルカソード)に対してそれぞれ電気化学的特性を評価した。
Claims (7)
- 炭素エアロゲルアノードと、
表面酸化した遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードと、
を含む、ハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ。 - 前記炭素エアロゲルアノードは、20nm以上のメソポアサイズの気孔分布を有する、請求項1に記載のハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ。
- 前記炭素エアロゲルアノードに用いる炭素エアロゲルは、レゾルシノールホルムアルデヒドゾル溶液を製造するステップと、前記ゾル溶液をカーボン紙に含浸し乾燥するステップと、前記乾燥された含浸紙を熱分解するステップと、を含む方法により製造される、請求項1または2に記載のハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ。
- 前記表面酸化した遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードに用いる遷移金属窒化物は、窒化バナジウム(VN)、窒化チタン(TiN)、窒化モリブデン(Mo2N)、窒化タングステン(TuN)、及び窒化ニオブ(NbN)からなる群より選択される、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ。
- 前記表面酸化した遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードに用いる遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルは、遷移金属のアルコキシドを用いてゾル−ゲル法により遷移金属酸化物エアロゲルを得るステップと、前記遷移金属酸化物エアロゲルをアンモニアガス雰囲気下で熱処理して遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルに変換するステップと、を含む方法により製造される、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ。
- 前記表面酸化した遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードの表面酸化は、遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルを、酸素を含む非活性気体の雰囲気下で熱処理して表面酸化させることで行われる、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタ。
- 炭素エアロゲルアノードを製造するステップと、
表面酸化した遷移金属窒化物エアロゲルカソードを製造するステップと、
前記アノードとカソードを用いてハイブリッドキャパシタを製造するステップと、を含む、ハイブリッドスーパーキャパシタの製造方法。
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