JP2010028131A - Powder composition, soft magnetic constituent member, and manufacturing method of soft magnetic complex constituent member - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use not only a novel powder composition with desired powder characteristic but also the powder composition for manufacturing soft magnetic complex constituent member. <P>SOLUTION: A powder composition is provided, which is formed of an electrically insulated particle of a soft magnetic material of iron or iron-based powder, and a lubricant selected from a group comprising of fatty acid amide having 14 to 22 C atoms of 0.1 to 2 wt.%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an iron-based powder composition. Specifically, the present invention relates to a powder composition for producing a soft magnetic composite component by a powder metallurgy production route. These compositions facilitate the manufacture of soft magnetic composite components that have not only high density but also valuable magnetic and mechanical properties.

  Soft magnetic materials are used in applications such as core materials in inductors, stators and rotors for electrical machines, actuators, sensors, and transformer cores. Soft magnetic cores, such as rotors and stators in electrical machines, are conventionally made from steel laminates. Soft magnetic composites and SMC materials are based on soft magnetic particles, usually iron-based particles, each of which is provided with an electrical insulation coating. Optionally, SMC parts are obtained by molding these insulating particles together with lubricants and / or binders using conventional powder metallurgy. By using this powder metallurgy method, it is possible to produce a material that gives a greater degree of freedom in designing the SMC component than when using a steel laminate. This is because the SMC material has a three-dimensional magnetic flux, and a three-dimensional form can be obtained by the molding method.

  Two important properties of an iron core component are its permeability and core loss characteristics. A material's permeability is a measure of its ability to be magnetized or to retain magnetic flux. Permeability is defined as the ratio of induced magnetic flux to magnetizing force or magnetic field strength. When a magnetic material is exposed to an alternating magnetic field, energy loss and core loss are caused by both hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Hysteresis loss is caused by the energy consumption required to overcome the magnetic force maintained in the iron core component and is proportional to the frequency of the alternating magnetic field. Eddy current loss is caused by the occurrence of current in the iron core component due to changes in magnetic flux caused by alternating current (AC) conditions in the iron core component and is proportional to the square of the frequency of the alternating magnetic field. In that case, a large electrical resistivity is desirable to minimize eddy currents and becomes particularly important at large frequencies. In order to reduce the hysteresis loss of core components for AC applications and increase the magnetic permeability, it is generally desirable to heat treat the molded part.

  Research into the manufacture of magnetic core components using coated iron-based powders by powder metallurgy can have a fatal impact on certain physical and magnetic properties on other properties of the final component Instead, it has been directed to develop improved iron powder compositions. Desirable component properties include, for example, high permeability over a wide frequency range, low core loss, high saturation induction, (high density) and high strength. Increasing the density of normal components improves all of these properties.

  Desired powder properties include compatibility with compression molding techniques, which, among other things, allows powders to be easily formed into high density, high strength components and that the parts can be easily injected from the molding equipment. It means that the components have a smooth surface finish.

  The present invention relates to the use of a powder composition to produce a soft magnetic composite component as well as a novel powder composition having the desired powder properties. The novel composition can be molded (and heat treated) into components having the desired properties.

  The present invention also relates to a method for producing a soft magnetic iron-based component having excellent component characteristics as well as the soft magnetic component itself.

  Briefly, the powder composition according to the present invention is composed of electrically insulated soft magnetic material particles and a fatty acid amide lubricant. Optionally a thermoplastic binder is present in the composition. The method according to the invention includes mixing, molding, and optionally heat treatment of the resulting component, resulting in a soft magnetic iron-based component having superior properties.

Detailed Description of the Invention The powder is preferably water atomized iron powder or sponge iron powder having substantially pure and irregularly shaped particles. In this context, the term “substantially pure” means that the powder should be substantially free of inclusions and the amount of impurities, O, C, and N should be kept to a minimum. Means that. The average particle size is generally less than 300 μm and greater than 10 μm. Examples of such powders are Swedish Höganäs

ABC 100.30, ASC 100.29, AT40.29, ASC200, ASC300, NC 100.24, SC 100.26, MH300, MH40.28, MH40.24 available from AB.

  According to one embodiment of the invention, the powder used has coarser particles than usual in a conventional mold press. In practice, this means that the powders are essentially free of fine particles. The term “essentially free of fine particles” means that less than about 10% of the powder particles have a particle size of less than 45 μm as measured by the method described in SS-EN24 497, preferably Means less than 5%. The average particle size is typically between 106 and 425 μm. The amount of particles larger than 212 μm is typically greater than about 20%. The maximum particle size may be about 2 mm.

  The particle size of iron-based particles normally used in the PM industry is distributed according to a Gaussian distribution curve, the average particle size is in the region of 30-100 μm, and about 10-30% of the particles are smaller than 45 μm. Therefore, the powder used according to the present invention may have a particle size distribution deviating from the normally used particle size distribution. These coarse powders can be obtained by removing fine parts of the powder or by producing a powder having a desired particle size distribution. However, the present invention is not limited to coarse powders, and powders having a particle size normally used for mold pressing within the PM industry are also included in the present invention.

  The electrical insulation of the powder particles may be made from an inorganic material. Particularly suitable is an insulation of the type described in US Pat. No. 6,348,265, which is hereby incorporated by reference, which is a base powder consisting essentially of pure iron with an insulating oxygen and phosphorus containing barrier. Related to the particles. In connection with the coating, it should be particularly noted that the properties of the composite component may be affected by the thickness of the coating. Powders containing insulating particles are available as Somaloy ™ 500 and 550 from Höganäs AB, Sweden.

  The lubricant used in accordance with the present invention is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amides. Particularly suitable amides are primary amines of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 24, preferably 14 to 22 C atoms, most preferably 18 to 22 C atoms. The lubricant can be used in an amount of less than 2% by weight of the composition, preferably less than 1.5% by weight. A particularly preferred amount of lubricant is 0.05 to 1% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.8%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8%, most preferably 0.1 to 0.5%. %. Particularly preferred lubricants are stearic acid amide, oleic acid amide, behenic acid amide, erucic acid amide, palmitic acid amide, with stearic acid amide being most preferred. In US Pat. No. 6,537,389, on the surface, stearamide combined with rapeseed oil methyl ester is associated with polyphthalamide, a thermoplastic resin as a binder for forming soft magnetic powders. It is mentioned as a lubricant.

Solid lubricants generally have a density of about 1 to 2 g / cm ^3, it is very low compared to the density of the iron-based powder is about 7.8 g / cm ^3. As a result, inclusion of these low density lubricants in the composition will reduce the theoretical density of the molded component. Therefore, in order to produce a high density component, it is essential to maintain the amount of lubricant at a low level. However, low amounts of lubricant tend to cause ejection problems. It has now been unexpectedly discovered that the types of lubricants mentioned above can be used in small quantities without causing problems with removal.

  When the internal lubricant, i.e., the lubricant added to the iron-based powder mixture, is replaced with a mold wall lubricant, DWL, and combined with a large molding pressure, a large green density can be reached. . However, one drawback of this known method is that when the insulated iron-based powder is molded at a high molding pressure, the insulation of the iron-based powder is easily damaged and the core loss at high frequencies is increased. In addition, the use of DWL can further increase process complexity, increase cycle times, and reduce the soundness of production in an industrial environment.

  According to the present invention, fatty acid amides can be used as the only additive to insulated iron or iron-based powders, but in certain applications, small amounts of thermoplastic resins, especially polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), are added. Is advantageous. In this context, the term “small amount” refers to less than 2, preferably less than 0.8, more preferably less than 0.6, most preferably less than 0.5%, based on the weight of the composition. It should be interpreted as a thing. At amounts less than 0.05, no PPS effect was observed. In particular, the amount of PPS could be in the range of 0.1-0.5, preferably 0.2-0.5, or 0.4% by weight. The addition of PPS is particularly important when good frequency stability is required.

  The combination of PPS and stearic acid is known from patent application WO 01/24448. The examples of this application describe that soft magnetic materials can be made by mixing electrically insulated iron-based powders with PPS and stearic acid. The mixture is molded at an elevated temperature, and the resulting molded part is heat treated at 260 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by a second heat treatment at 285-300 ° C. It has now been unexpectedly found that several advantages can be obtained by using a novel powder composition containing a fatty acid amide instead of the corresponding fatty acid. That is, the new powder has unexpectedly improved lubricity and results in lower ejection energy required to remove the molded part from the mold, resulting in greater density and better It has been found that a transverse rupture strength can be obtained. Furthermore, the molding process can be carried out at ambient temperature. Further, according to the WO publication, the necessary first heat treatment step can be omitted, so that the heat treatment can be promoted.

  Magnetic iron-based powders having insulated particles and combined with a thermoplastic resin are described in US patent application 2002/0084440. In contrast to the particles according to the invention, these previously known particles also contain rare earth elements. Furthermore, thermoplastic resins are used in relatively large amounts, ie at least 5% by weight. Furthermore, the particle size of the iron-based powder is very small (3 μm is mentioned as an example). Lubricants selected from a very wide variety of compounds can also be included. These powder compositions are preferably taught to be useful for injection molding, extrusion, injection compression molding, and injection presses to produce highly weathered bonded permanent magnets.

  In order to produce a composite component according to the present invention, the powder composition is first uniaxially pressed in a mold, which usually does not need to be lubricated, but the powder composition is used in a lubricated mold. Also good. The molded component is then removed from the mold and optionally subjected to a heat treatment.

  Molding can be performed at ambient or elevated temperatures and pressures up to 1500 MPa.

  In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, molding will be performed with a gently heated tool in this manner, which will improve not only the green density and the ejection behavior, but also the relative maximum permeability. Comparing the properties of components molded at elevated temperature and lower molding pressure with the properties of components molded to the same dust density at ambient temperature and higher molding pressure, the configuration molded at elevated temperature The member will have a higher magnetic permeability. For larger components, it may be necessary to raise the temperature of the powder as well in order to achieve the improvement according to the invention.

  The heat treatment can be performed in one or several steps. The recommended one-step heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 250 to 550 ° C. for 30 minutes to 4 hours in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (air).

  Alternatively, heat treatment is performed in air or an inert gas at 250 to 350 ° C. for 30 minutes to 3 hours, and then in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (air) at a temperature of 350 to 550 ° C. for 15 minutes to 2 hours. And heat treatment.

  If PPS is included in the composition, a somewhat different heat treatment is recommended. For example, in this case, heat treatment can be performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (air) at 250 to 350 ° C. for 30 minutes to 4 hours. Alternatively, heat treatment is performed in air or an inert gas at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C. for 30 minutes to 3 hours, and then heat treatment is performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (air) at 300 to 500 ° C. for 15 minutes to 2 hours. .

  The ability to heat-treat using a variety of atmospheres, times and temperatures to obtain a final component having the desired properties makes this novel powder composition particularly attractive.

By forming an insulated iron-based powder-containing composition comprising coarse particles and a lubricant as described above at high pressure, for example, a pressure greater than 800 MPa, and then heat treating the molded component, A soft magnetic composite component having a density ≧ 7.5 g / cm ³ , a relative maximum permeability, μmax ≧ 600, a coercive force, Hc ≦ 250 A / m, and a specific resistance, ρ ≧ 20 μΩm is obtained. Such components would be important in demanding applications required, for example, in electrical machine stator and rotor components.

FIG. 1 is a graph plotting core loss / cycle as a function of frequency.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
The following materials were used.
Water-sprayed iron-based powder with a thin inorganic coating (Sum Alloy 500 available from Höganäs, Sweden) was used as the starting material. PPS powder,
Stearic acid powder, lubricant A,
Stearamide powder, lubricant B.

  3 kg of base powder thumb alloy 500 was mixed with PPS and stearamide or stearic acid according to Table 1.

  The powder mixture was molded into an annular sample having an inner diameter of 45 mm, an outer diameter of 55 mm, and a height of 5 mm at 800 MPa at ambient temperature (room temperature). An annular sample having a height of 10 mm was also molded, and the extrusion (ejection force) was measured for these samples. Table 2 shows the ejection energy. The results show that the extraction energy obtained is considerably lower by using fatty acid amides.

  After molding, the parts were heat treated in air at 290 ° C. for 120 minutes. The obtained heat-treated ring was wound 25 times. Relative AC induced permeability was measured with an LCR meter (HP4284A) according to standard IEC 60404-6, 2nd edition, 2003-06.

  Tables 3 and 4 show the decrease in initial magnetic permeability (frequency stability). The decrease in initial permeability is expressed as the difference between the initial permeability at 10 and 100 kHz divided by the initial permeability at 10 kHz. Table 3 shows that better frequency stability can be obtained by increasing the amount of fatty acid amide from 0.3% to 0.5%. Table 4 shows that better frequency stability can be obtained by using fatty acid amides instead of the corresponding fatty acids. Further, Table 4 reveals that the frequency stability obtained is greatly reduced without PPS. However, it was found that the initial permeability at 1 kHz for A9 was 95 versus 75 for A3. In some applications, a large initial permeability at low frequencies is advantageous.

  Specific electrical anisotropic was measured by a four-point measurement method and shown in Table 5. From this table it can be concluded that considerably higher electrical resistivity can be obtained by using fatty acid amides instead of the corresponding acids.

  Samples were tested for bending strength, TRS, after heat treatment at 290 ° C. for 120 minutes in air. TRS was tested according to ISO 3995. The TRS was tested on parts at a temperature of 200 ° C. Table 6 shows the TRS. A sample containing 0.5% PPS and 0.3% stearamide (A3) is a sample containing 0.5% PPS and 0.3% stearic acid (A2) and 0.2% PPS + 0. Compared to both samples containing 6% stearic acid (A1), it shows a much larger TRS at both room temperature (RT) and 200 ° C. For mixtures with a low total organic content, the density will be higher, which will result in greater induction and permeability (μmax).

Example 2
The following materials were used.
Water-sprayed iron-based powder with a thin phosphorous-containing inorganic coating (Sam Alloy 500 available from Höganäs, Sweden) was used as the starting material.
PPS powder,
Stearic acid powder, lubricant A,
Stearamide powder, lubricant B,
Behenamide powder, lubricant C,
Oleic acid amide powder, lubricant D,
Kenolube (trade name).

  Base powder thumb alloy 500 was mixed with PPS and lubricant according to Table 7.

  The powder mixture was molded into test bars according to ISO 3395 at a molding pressure of 800 MPa at ambient temperature. After molding, the parts were heat treated in a two-step heat treatment. The first step was performed at 290 ° C. for 105 minutes in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. Following this step, the following heat treatment step was performed in air at 350 ° C. for 60 minutes. Samples were tested for flexural strength, TRS according to ISO 3395.

  Table 8 shows the bending strength test results. As can be seen from Table 8, samples prepared with a mixture containing fatty acid amides give sufficient TRS values. A higher density is reached after heat treatment, which is advantageous with respect to induction and permeability. When the PPS content is reduced to 0.3% or less, TRS increases to a value higher than 80 MPa. Even samples that do not contain PPS and contain stearamide lubricants have TRS values higher than 100 MPa. The use of Kenolube, which is a conventionally used lubricant, does not result in the necessary bending strength.

Example 3
This example shows that when compared to the commonly used zinc stearate and ethylene bisstearamide lubricants, the fatty acid amide lubricants according to the present invention are used in small amounts in combination with coarse powders and large molding pressures. During the removal, a low pressing force and a complete surface finish of the removed components are obtained.

  According to US 6,348,265, 2 kg of coarse soft magnetic iron-based powder with particles surrounded by an inorganic insulator was mixed with 0.2 wt% lubricant according to Table 9. Table 10 shows the particle size distribution of the coarse iron-based powder. Mixtures E and F are comparative examples containing known lubricants.

  The obtained mixture was transferred to a mold and molded into a cylindrical test sample (50 g) having a diameter of 25 mm by a uniaxial press motion at a molding pressure of 1100 MPa. The mold material used was conventional tool steel. The pushing force was recorded during removal of the molded sample. The total extraction energy / enveloping area required to remove the sample was calculated. Table 11 below shows the take-out energy, the green density, and the surface finish.

Example 4
The following example illustrates the effect of the particle size distribution of the soft magnetic iron-based powder on the removal behavior and the green density. The “coarse” powder according to Example 3 was used. The particle size distribution of the “fine” powder is given in Table 12. The mixture was prepared according to the procedure of Example 3 with 0.2 wt% stearamide. The mixture based on the “fine” powder was labeled as Sample H and compared to Sample C.

  The mixture was formed into a cylindrical sample according to the procedure used in Example 3. Table 13 below shows the green density and surface appearance.

  As can be seen from Table 13, the composition comprising fine powder results in a lower green density and a worse surface finish.

Example 5
This example compares an example of a known lubricant, ethylene bisstearamide (EBS), and lubricant stearamide. The “coarse” powder from Example 3 was used and mixed with EBS and stearamide, respectively, according to Table 14. Samples were prepared according to the procedure of Example 3.

  The powder mixture was molded at 1100 MPa into a ring with an inner diameter of 45 mm, an outer diameter of 55 mm, and a height of 10 mm. While removing the molded samples, the total removal energy / inclusion area required to remove the samples from the mold was calculated. Table 15 below shows the calculated extraction energy / area, green density, and surface appearance.

  As can be seen from Table 15, the new lubricant may be added in as little as 0.2% and still provide a complete surface finish, whereas the reference lubricant, EBS, The minimum addition rate for obtaining a surface finish is 0.4%.

Example 6
This example compares the magnetic properties of components made using the minimum amounts of the lubricating components stearamide and EBS, respectively, to achieve similar extraction energy values. The components formed from mixture 2 and mixture 6 according to example 5 were compared with respect to the magnetic properties after heat treatment.

  An annular sample according to Example 5 was molded except that the height was 5 mm. The green compact sample was heat-treated in air at 300 ° C. for 60 minutes, and then subjected to a second heat treatment step in air at 530 ° C. for 30 minutes. The resulting heat-treated ring was wound as a sense turn 100 and a drive turn 100 and tested on a Brockhaus hysteresis graph. Table 16 below shows the induction level at 10 kA / m, the maximum relative permeability, the coercivity Hc and the core loss at 400 Hz, 1T.

  As can be seen from Table 16, the component according to the present invention is superior in soft magnetic properties.

Example 7
The following example shows the effect of mold temperature on the pick-up properties and compact density of the molded sample. In this example, primary amide, stearamide was selected as the amide lubricant according to the present invention. According to the procedure of Example 3, 0.2% stearamide was added to 2 kg of electrically insulated coarse soft magnetic iron-based powder.

  The powder mixture was molded into a ring having an inner diameter of 45 mm, an outer diameter of 55 mm, and a height of 10 mm at a molding pressure of 1100 MPa. The pushing force was recorded while the molded sample was removed. The total removal energy / inclusion area required to remove the samples from the mold was calculated. Table 17 below shows the take-out energy, compact density, and surface appearance of samples molded at various temperatures of the mold.

  As can be seen from Table 17, the removal energy and the green density are clearly affected when the mold temperature is increased.

Example 8
This example compares the properties of the components produced according to the present invention with the properties of the components molded with DWL as an adjuvant. The “coarse” powder according to Example 3 was used in both the inventive example and the comparative example. In the example of the present invention, 0.2% by weight of stearamide was used as a lubricant, and the obtained powder composition was molded into an annular sample having a green density of 7.6 g / cm ³ at a mold temperature controlled at 80 ° C. did. In the comparative example, the internal lubricant was not used and DWL was applied instead. The annular sample was molded to a density of 7.6 g / cm ³ at ambient temperature.

  The outer diameter of the annular sample was 55 mm, the inner diameter was 45 mm, and the height was 5 mm.

  The heat treatment after molding was performed according to Table 18. The electrical specific resistance was measured by a four-point method. The annular sample was wound as a drive turn 100 and a sense turn 100 before performing magnetic measurements on the hysteresis graph. DC characteristics were obtained from the loop at 10 kA / m. Core loss was lost at various frequencies at 1T. FIG. 1 plots core loss / cycle as a function of frequency.

  From Table 18 and FIG. 1, it can be concluded that the present invention has significantly lower core loss in an alternating electric field due to lower Hc and higher resistivity compared to the DWL method.

Example 9
This example shows that an iron powder core having excellent magnetic properties can be obtained by the present invention. The obvious effect of elevated mold temperature on the maximum relative permeability is also shown.

  The “coarse” powder from Example 3 was mixed with various contents and types of lubricants. Both annular samples (OD = 55, ID = 45, h = 5 mm) and bars (30 × 12 × 6 mm) were manufactured using the processing conditions shown in Table 19.

  The density was determined by measuring the mass and size of the annular sample. The electrical resistivity was measured for the annular sample by the four-point method. Prior to performing magnetic measurements on the block house hysteresis graph, the annular sample was wound as a drive turn 100 and a sense turn 100. DC characteristics such as μmax and Hc were obtained from the loop at 10 kA / m, whereas core loss was measured at 1T and 400 Hz. The bending strength (TRS) of the heat-treated parts was determined for the test bars by the three-point bending method.

Claims (23)

  Particles of soft magnetic material of iron or iron-based powder, said iron or iron-based powder particles provided with an electrical insulating layer, and 0.05-2% by weight of saturated or having 12-24 C atoms A powder composition comprising a lubricant selected from the group consisting of primary amides of unsaturated linear fatty acids.   2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the fatty acid has 14 to 22 C atoms.   The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fatty acid amide is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid amide, oleic acid, behenic acid amide, erucic acid amide, palmitic acid amide.   Furthermore, the composition of any one of Claims 1-3 containing polyphenylene sulfide.   5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein polyphenylene sulfide is used in an amount of 0.05 to 2.0% by weight.   Fatty acid amide is 0.05 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.05 to 0.8 wt%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 wt%, most preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt%. 6. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, present in an amount.   The composition according to claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating layer is made of an inorganic material.   The composition of claim 7, wherein the layer comprises oxygen and phosphorus.   9. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the iron or iron-based powder consists essentially of pure iron.   10. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein less than 10%, preferably less than 5% by weight of soft magnetic iron or iron-based powder particles have a particle size of less than 45 [mu] m.   11. A composition according to claim 10, wherein at least 20% of the particles have a particle size greater than 212 [mu] m. a) soft magnetic iron or iron-based powder in which the particles are surrounded by an electrically insulating layer and up to 2% by weight of primary amides of saturated or unsaturated linear fatty acids having 12 to 24 C atoms Mixing with a lubricant selected from the group comprising:
b) forming the composition, and c) optionally subjecting the resulting part to a heat treatment,
The manufacturing method of the soft-magnetic structural member containing this.   The method according to claim 12, wherein the molding is performed at an elevated temperature.   The amount of lubricant is 0.05 to 0.8%, preferably 0.1 to 0.8%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. the method of.   The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the molding is performed at a molding pressure higher than 800 MPa.   16. A method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein less than 10%, preferably less than 5% of the soft magnetic iron or iron-based powder has a particle size of less than 45 [mu] m.   The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the heat treatment is performed at 250C to 550C.   The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the heat treatment is performed up to 350 ° C in the first step, and then the heat treatment is performed up to 550 ° C.   The method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the heat treatment is performed in air or in an inert atmosphere. Obtained by molding a composition comprising an insulated iron-based powder and a lubricant, and then heat-treating the molded component,
Density ≧ 7.5 g / cm ³ ,
Maximum relative permeability is μmax ≧ 600,
The coercive force is Hc ≦ 250 A / m,
Specific resistance is ρ ≧ 20μΩm
A soft magnetic composite component. The soft magnetic composite component according to claim 19, wherein the density is ≧ 7.6 g / cm ³ .   The soft magnetic composite component according to claim 20 or 21, which has a specific resistance of ρ ≧ 100 μΩm.   23. The soft magnetic composite component according to any one of claims 20 to 22, having a maximum relative permeability of [mu] max ≧ 700.