JP2010015101A - ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物、パターンの製造方法及び電子部品 - Google Patents
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物、パターンの製造方法及び電子部品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010015101A JP2010015101A JP2008177115A JP2008177115A JP2010015101A JP 2010015101 A JP2010015101 A JP 2010015101A JP 2008177115 A JP2008177115 A JP 2008177115A JP 2008177115 A JP2008177115 A JP 2008177115A JP 2010015101 A JP2010015101 A JP 2010015101A
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- resist pattern
- photosensitive resin
- acid
- resin composition
- positive photosensitive
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Abstract
【解決手段】(A)ゴム状ポリマーによって変性されたフェノール樹脂と、(B)光により酸を発生する化合物と、(C)熱架橋剤と、(D)溶剤と、を含有するポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
イミド化が不完全なため、硬化膜は脆く物性は低下する。この点で本発明はポリイミドによる方法と比較して有利である。また、感光性樹脂組成物の硬化時の体積収縮が少ないため、寸法安定性に優れたレジストパターンが得られる。
本実施形態に係るポジ型感光性樹脂組成物は、(A)ゴム状ポリマーによって変性されたフェノール樹脂と、(B)光により酸を発生する化合物と、(C)熱架橋剤と、(D)溶剤とを含有する。
(i)フェノール又はその誘導体とゴム状ポリマーとを反応させて得られる化合物
(ii)アルデヒド類
上述の(i)の化合物と(ii)のアルデヒド類との反応は重縮合反応であり、公知のフェノール樹脂の合成条件により行うことができる。反応の際は酸触媒を用いることが望ましい。酸性触媒としては、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、ぎ酸、酢酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸及びシュウ酸が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いる。
R5R6C=N−O−SO2−R7 ・・・(III)
−NH−SO2−R8 ・・・(IV)
本実施形態に係るレジストパターンの製造方法は、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を支持基板上に塗布し、塗布されたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を乾燥して感光性樹脂膜を形成する工程(成膜工程)と、感光性樹脂膜を露光する工程(露光工程)と、露光後の感光性樹脂膜をアルカリ水溶液によって用いて現像して、レジストパターンを形成する工程(現像工程)と、レジストパターンを加熱する工程(加熱工程)とを備える。
成膜工程では、ガラス基板、半導体、金属酸化物絶縁体(例えばTiO2、SiO2等)、窒化ケイ素などの支持基板上に、上述したポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を、スピンナーなどを用いて回転塗布する。塗布されたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物をホットプレート、オーブンなどを用いた加熱により乾燥する。これにより、支持基板上にポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の被膜(感光性樹脂膜)が形成される。
露光工程では、感光性樹脂膜に対して、マスクを介して紫外線、可視光線、放射線などの活性光線を照射する。多塩基酸無水物変性フェノール樹脂はi線に対する透明性が高いので、i線の照射を好適に用いることができる。露光後、必要に応じて露光後加熱(PEB)を行ってから、現像工程に進むこともできる。露光後加熱の温度は70℃〜140℃、露光後加熱の時間は1分〜5分が好ましい。
現像工程では、感光性樹脂膜の活性光線が照射された部分(露光部)を、現像液で除去することによりレジストパターンが形成される。現像液としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、ケイ酸ナトリウム、アンモニア、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、及び水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)などのアルカリ水溶液が好ましい。これらの水溶液の塩基濃度は、0.1〜10重量%であることが好ましい。さらに、上記現像液にアルコール類や界面活性剤を添加してもよい。これらはそれぞれ、現像液100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01〜10質量部、より好ましくは0.1〜5質量部の範囲で配合することができる。
加熱工程では、現像により形成されたレジストパターンを加熱することにより、感光性樹脂組成物を硬化する。加熱温度は、250℃以下、望ましくは、225℃以下であり、より望ましくは、140〜200℃の範囲である。
レジストパターンの製造方法の応用例として、電子部品である半導体装置の製造工程の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1〜5は、多層配線構造を有する半導体装置の製造工程の一実施形態を示す概略断面図である。
次に、層間絶縁膜4上に窓部6Aを有する感光性樹脂層5を形成することにより、図2に示す構造体200を得る。感光性樹脂層5は、例えば、塩化ゴム系、フェノールノボラック系、ポリヒドロキシスチレン系、ポリアクリル酸エステル系等の感光性樹脂を、スピンコート法により塗布することにより形成される。窓部6Aは、公知の写真食刻技術によって所定部分の層間絶縁膜4が露出するように形成される。
合成例1
(1)フェノール誘導体とゴム状ポリマーとの反応
m−クレゾールとp−クレゾールとを質量比60:40の割合で混合して、フェノール誘導体混合物を得た。得られたフェノール誘導体混合物100質量部に対して、炭素−炭素二重結合を有するゴム状ポリマーである液状ブタジエン−アクリロニトリル共重合体(宇部興産社商品名HYCAR CTBNX−1300)11質量部と、酸性触媒であるトリフロオロメタンスルホン酸0.1質量部とを混合し、120℃で2時間反応させた。
上記(1)の反応の生成物117g、パラホルムアルデヒド16.3g(アルデヒド類)、及びシュウ酸1.1gを混合し、90℃で3時間かく拌した。その後、反応液を120℃に昇温して減圧下で3時間かく拌した。反応液を大気圧下で室温まで冷却し、反応生成物A1(ゴム変性フェノール樹脂)を得た。
(1)フェノールとゴム状ポリマーとの反応
フェノール100質量部に対して、炭素−炭素二重結合を有するゴム状ポリマーである変性ブタジエン−アクリロニトリル共重合体(日本ゼオン社商品名Nipol SX1053A)11質量部(固形分換算)と、酸性触媒であるトリフロオロメタンスルホン酸0.1質量部とを混合し、120℃で2時間反応させた。
上記(1)の反応の生成物101g、パラホルムアルデヒド16.3g(アルデヒド類)、及びシュウ酸1.0gを混合し、90℃で3時間かく拌した。その後、反応液を120℃に昇温して減圧下で3時間かく拌した。反応液を大気圧下で室温まで冷却し、反応生成物A2(ゴム状変性フェノール樹脂)を得た。
フェノール樹脂とゴム状ポリマーとの反応
m−クレゾール/p−クレゾール=60/40(モル比)であるクレゾールノボラック樹脂(ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量=7000、旭有機材工業社製、商品名EP4050G)100gと、ゴム状ポリマーであるウレタン系エラストマー(日立化成社商品名ヒタロイド4861)30gと、酸性触媒であるトリフロオロメタンスルホン酸0.1gとを混合し、120℃で2時間反応させた。反応液を室温まで冷却し、反応生成物A3(ゴム変性フェノール樹脂)を得た。
ゴム変性フェノール樹脂の酸変性
合成例1の(1)の反応の生成物130g、パラホルムアルデヒド16.3g(アルデヒド類)、シュウ酸1.0gを混合し、90℃で3時間かく拌した。その後、反応液を120℃に昇温して減圧下で3時間かく拌した。次に、無水コハク酸29g(多塩基性酸無水物)、及びトリエチルアミン0.3gを加え、常圧、100℃で1時間撹拌した。反応液を室温まで冷却し、反応生成物A4(酸変性されたゴム変性フェノール樹脂)を得た。
実施例1〜8
上記合成例で得られた(A)成分(A1〜A4)100質量部に対し、(B)光により酸を発生する化合物、(C)熱架橋剤、(D)溶剤、および、(E)エラストマーを表1に示した比率(質量部)にて配合し、さらにカップリング剤として尿素プロピルトリエトキシシランの50%メタノール溶液2質量部を加えた。この溶液を3μm孔のテフロン(登録商標)フィルターを用いて加圧ろ過して、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液(M1〜M8)を得た。
(B)成分
B1:1,1−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1−[4−{1−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1−メチルエチル}フェニル]エタンの1−ナフトキノン−2−ジアジド−5−スルホン酸エステル(エステル化率約90%、AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ社製商品名TPPA528)
B2:トリス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)メタンの1−ナフトキノン−2−ジアジド−5−スルホン酸エステル(エステル化率約95%)
(C)成分
C1:1,1−ビス[3,5−ビス(メトキシメチル)−4−ヒドロキシフェニル]メタン(本州化学工業社製商品名TMOM−pp−BPF)
C2:ヘキサキス(メトキシメチル)メラミン(三和ケミカル社商品名ニカラックMW−30HM)
(D)成分
D1:γ−ブチロラクトン/プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート=90/10(質量比)
D2:乳酸エチル
(E)成分
E1:ブタジエン−スチレン−メタクリレート共重合体(ロームアンドハース社製品名パラロイドEXL2655)
(A)成分として、A1〜A5に代えて、ゴム状ポリマーで変性していないフェノール樹脂α(旭有機材工業社製商品名EP4050G)を用いた。フェノール樹脂α100重量部に対し、(B)成分としてAZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ社製商品名TPPA528(B1)、(C)成分として本州化学工業社製商品名TMOM−pp−BPF(C1)、(D)成分としてγ−ブチロラクトン/プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート=90/10(質量比)(D1)を表1に示す比率で配合した。さらにカップリング剤として尿素プロピルトリエトキシシランの50%メタノール溶液2重量部を加えた。この溶液を3μm孔のテフロン(登録商標)フィルタを用いて加圧ろ過して、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液(M9)を得た。
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液(M1〜M9)をシリコン基板上にスピンコートし、100℃で5分間加熱して、膜厚11〜13μmの塗膜を形成した。その後、i線ステッパー(キャノン製FPA−3000iW)を用いて、マスクを介してi線(365nm)での縮小投影露光を行った。露光後、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAH)の2.38%水溶液にて現像を行い、残膜厚が初期膜厚の85〜95%程度となるように現像を行った。その後、水でリンスして、パターン形成に必要な最小露光量(感度)と解像度を求めた。結果を表2に記す。表中、解像度は、開口している最小の正方形ホールパターンの幅である。
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液(M1〜M9)をシリコン基板上にスピンコートして、100℃で5分間加熱し、膜厚約12〜14μmの塗膜を形成した。その後、樹脂M1〜M8の塗膜をプロキシミティ露光機(キャノン製PLA−600FA)を用いて、マスクを介して全波長で露光を行った。露光後、TMAHの2.38%水溶液にて現像を行い、10mm幅の矩形パターンを得た。その後、矩形パターンを以下の(i)又は(ii)の方法で加熱して、膜厚約10μmの硬化膜を得た。硬化前後の膜厚の収縮率([1−(硬化後の膜厚/硬化前の膜厚)]×100)[%]を表3に示す。
(i)縦型拡散炉(光洋サーモシステム製μ−TF)を用い、窒素中、温度175℃(昇温時間1.5時間)で2時間、塗膜を加熱処理した
(ii)周波数可変型マイクロ波硬化炉(ラムダテクノロジー社製Microcure2100)を用い、マイクロ波出力450W、マイクロ波周波数5.9〜7.0GHz、温度165℃(昇温時間5分間)、2時間加熱処理した。
上記硬化膜をシリコン基板から剥離し、そのガラス転移温度(Tg)をセイコーインスツルメンツ社製TMA/SS600で測定した。なお、試料の幅は2mm、膜厚は9〜11μmであり、チャック間は10mmとする。また、荷重は10gで、昇温速度は5℃/分である。また、剥離した硬化膜の平均破断伸度(EL)を島津製作所製オートグラフAGS−H100Nによって測定した。なお、試料の幅は10mm、膜厚は9〜11μmであり、チャック間は20mmとする。引っ張り速度は5mm/分で、測定温度は室温(20℃〜25℃)程度とする。ここでは、同一条件で得た硬化膜について5本以上の測定値の平均を「平均破断伸度(EL)」とする。硬化条件、Tg、及び、ELを表3に示す。
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液(M1〜M9)を基板(シリコン基板上にTiNをスパッタ形成後、さらに銅をスパッタしたもの)上にスピンコートして、100℃で5分間加熱し、膜厚約12〜14μmの塗膜を形成した。この塗膜を上記の硬化方法(i)または(ii)で硬化し、膜厚約10μmの硬化膜を得た。
この硬化膜を基板ごと小片に切断し、アルミニウム製スタッドと硬化膜をエポキシ樹脂層を介して接合する。次に、スタッドを引っ張り、剥離時の荷重を測定した。その結果を表4に示す。
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物の溶液(M1〜M9)を再配線が形成された基板上にスピンコートして、100℃で5分間加熱し、膜厚約20μmの塗膜を形成した。この塗膜をプロキシミティ露光機(キャノン製PLA−600FA)を用いて、マスクを介して全波長で露光(500mJ/cm2)を行った。露光後、TMAHの2.38%水溶液にて現像を行い、直径100μmのビアホールを形成した。この塗膜を上記の硬化方法(i)または(ii)で硬化し、カバーコート膜としての硬化膜を形成させた。開口部分にアンダーバリアメタルを形成後、半田ボールをバンピングし、図7と同様の構成を有するテスト部品を作成した。さらに、テスト部品を実装および封止し、テストサンプルとした。テストサンプルを温度サイクル試験(−55℃〜125℃、1000サイクル)の処理を施した後、クラック、剥がれ等の不良の有無を観察した。その結果を表4に示す。
表2に示す感光特性の結果から明らかなように、本発明のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物M1〜M8(実施例1〜8)の感度及び解像度は高く、ゴム状ポリマーで変性していないフェノール樹脂を用いた感光性樹脂組成物M9(比較例1)と同等のレベルを維持していた。
Claims (12)
- (A)ゴム状ポリマーによって変性されたフェノール樹脂と、
(B)光により酸を発生する化合物と、
(C)熱架橋剤と、
(D)溶剤と、
を含有するポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - 前記(A)成分が、炭素−炭素二重結合を有するゴム状ポリマーによって変性されたフェノール樹脂である、請求項1記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(B)成分がo−キノンジアジド化合物である、請求項1又は2記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 前記(A)成分100質量部に対して前記(B)成分3〜100質量部を含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (E)エラストマーを更に含有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を支持基板上に塗布し、塗布されたポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を乾燥して感光性樹脂膜を形成する工程と、
前記感光性樹脂膜を露光する工程と、
露光後の前記感光性樹脂膜をアルカリ水溶液によって現像して、レジストパターンを形成する工程と、
前記レジストパターンを加熱する工程と、
を備えるレジストパターンの製造方法。 - 前記レジストパターンを200℃以下に加熱する、請求項6記載のレジストパターンの製造方法。
- 請求項6又は7記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により製造されるレジストパターンを層間絶縁膜層又は表面保護膜として有する電子部品。
- 請求項6又は7記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により製造されるレジストパターンをカバーコート層として有する電子部品。
- 請求項6又は7記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により製造されるレジストパターンを再配線層用のコアとして有する電子部品。
- 請求項6又は7記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により製造されるレジストパターンを外部接続端子である導電性のボールを保持するためのカラーとして有する電子部品。
- 請求項6又は7記載のレジストパターンの製造方法により製造されるレジストパターンをアンダーフィルとして有する電子部品。
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