JP2009531265A - 二リン酸チタンおよび炭素を基材とする複合物、製造方法およびリチウム蓄電池用電極の活性材料としての使用 - Google Patents
二リン酸チタンおよび炭素を基材とする複合物、製造方法およびリチウム蓄電池用電極の活性材料としての使用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
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- BDVMTRCCIQHRBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J phosphonato phosphate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O BDVMTRCCIQHRBL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
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- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HMXCZSOLWMJNGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(4+);tetraphosphite Chemical compound [Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])[O-].[O-]P([O-])[O-].[O-]P([O-])[O-].[O-]P([O-])[O-] HMXCZSOLWMJNGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
Description
− 少なくとも、+4酸化状態にあるチタン元素を含む第一前駆物質と、リン系第二前駆物質と、炭素元素を含む有機前駆物質との混合物を形成し、
− 得られた該混合物を、不活性雰囲気中、500℃〜800℃の温度で熱処理し、該有機前駆物質の分解および該複合物の形成を引き起こすこと
を含んでなる、方法によっても達成される。
− 少なくとも、+4酸化状態にあるチタン元素を含む第一前駆物質と、リンを含む第二前駆物質と、炭素元素をを含む有機前駆物質との混合物を形成し、
− 得られた該混合物を、不活性雰囲気中、500℃〜800℃の温度で熱処理すること
を含んでなる方法によって得られる。この熱処理が、有機前駆物質の分解により、二リン酸チタンの合成および該二リン酸チタン粒子の表面の少なくとも一部の上に炭素の形成を引き起こす。
TiP2O7/C複合物は、アナターゼ形態のTiO219.805グラムを、NH4H2PO431.110グラムおよびセルロース3グラムと、Retsch型ミル中で5時間混合することにより、達成した。ミルの回転速度は500 rpmで、交互方向に回転させた。石英製の粉砕ボウル、容量250 cm3、に空気中で充填し、13個の石英製粉砕ボール、直径20 mm、重量各10.8グラム、を入れた。次いで、混合物を、閉鎖した石英管中で、アルゴン中、700℃で30分間処理した。
アナターゼ形態のTiO227.013グラムおよびNH4H2PO477.775グラムを、モルタル中で、セルロース7.5グラムおよびヘキサン20 mLと共に、手動で粉砕する。フードの下でヘキサンを常温で蒸発させた後、混合物を、閉じたステンレス鋼製環の中で、アルゴン中、600℃で40分間処理する。得られた複合物は、炭素5.2重量%を含むTiP2O7/C複合材料である。
アナターゼ形態のTiO210.805グラムおよびNH4H2PO431.110グラムを、Fritsch型プラネタリーミル中で、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースセルロース3.3グラムと1時間混合する。ミルの回転速度は500 rpmで、交互方向に回転させる。炭化タングステン製の粉砕ボウル、容量250 cm3、に空気中で充填し、10個の炭化タングステン製粉砕ボール、直径20 mm、重量各10.8グラム、を入れた。次いで、混合物を、閉鎖した石英管中で、アルゴン中、650℃で15分間処理した。炭素6.6重量%を含むTiP2O7/C複合物が得られた。
TiP2O7/C複合物は、アナターゼ形態のTiO21.801グラムを、NH4H2PO45.185グラムおよびセルロース0.5グラムと、Retsch型プラネタリーミル中で15分間混合することにより、得た。ミルの回転速度は100 rpmで、交互方向に回転させた。石英製の粉砕ボウル、容量50 cm3、に空気中で充填し、15個の石英製粉砕ボール、直径10 mm、重量各1.4グラム、を入れた。次いで、混合物を、閉鎖した石英管中で、アルゴン中、700℃で20分間処理した。炭素4.6重量%を含むTiP2O7/C複合物が得られた。
「ボタン電池」の形態にあるLi/金属リチウム蓄電池を、
−リチウムから製造され、直径16 mm、厚さ130μmを有し、集電装置として作用するニッケルディスク上に堆積させた負電極、
−直径14 mmのディスクにより形成され、厚さ20μmのアルミニウム集電装置上に堆積させた正電極。該ディスクは、例1により調製されたTiP2O7/C複合物80重量%、カーボンブラック10重量%、およびポリビニリデンヘキサフルオライド10重量%を含む、厚さ25μmの複合材料フィルムから採取する。
−LiPF6塩-ベース(1モル/L)液体電解質を、炭酸エチレンおよび炭酸ジメチルの混合物に入れた溶液をしみ込ませたセパレータ
で製造した。
「ボタン電池」形態のLi/金属リチウム蓄電池を、上記の例Bで使用したものと
同じ負電極および同じしみ込ませたセパレータを使用して製造した。
Li/イオンリチウム蓄電池を、例2のTiP2O7/C複合物を含む負電極、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4複合物を含む正電極、およびセパレータ、例えばCelgard 2400の名称で市販され、LiPF6塩-ベース(1モル/L)液体電解質を、炭酸エチレンおよび炭酸ジメチルの混合物に入れた溶液をしみ込ませたセパレータ、から製造した。電極のそれぞれは、活性材料(負電極にはTiP2O7/C、正電極にはLiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)80重量%、カーボンブラック5重量%、炭素繊維5重量%およびポリビニリデンヘキサフルオライド10重量%の混合物から製造する。そのような混合物をアルミニウム集電装置上に堆積させる。
Claims (17)
- 二リン酸チタンおよび炭素を含む複合物であって、前記複合物が、二リン酸チタンの非凝集粒子の形態にあり、前記粒子の表面が、炭素で少なくとも部分的に覆われている、複合物。
- 前記複合物の比表面積が6 m2/g以上である、請求項1に記載の複合物。
- 前記複合物の前記比表面積が6 m2/g〜14 m2/gである、請求項2に記載の複合物。
- 前記粒子が、平均長さが5〜10マイクロメートル、平均高さが0.2〜1マイクロメートルの平らな粒子である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の複合物。
- 前記複合物が、炭素0.1〜30重量%を含んでなる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の複合物。
- 前記複合物が、炭素4〜8重量%を含んでなる、請求項5に記載の複合物。
- 二リン酸チタンおよび炭素を含む複合物の製造方法であって、前記方法が、連続的に、
− 少なくとも、+4酸化状態にあるチタン元素を含む第一前駆物質と、リンを含む第二前駆物質と、炭素元素を含む有機前駆物質との混合物を形成し、
− 前記混合物を、不活性雰囲気中、500℃〜800℃の温度で熱処理し、前記有機前駆物質の分解および前記複合物の形成を引き起こすこと
を含んでなる、方法。 - 前記有機前駆物質が、炭水化物から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記有機前駆物質が、デンプン、セルロースおよびそれらの誘導体から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記第一前駆物質が、酸化チタンおよび四塩化チタンから選択される、請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第二前駆物質が、リン酸、リン酸水素アンモニウムおよびリン酸二水素アンモニウムから選択される、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一および第二前駆物質が、前記有機前駆物質との混合物中で、化学量論的な比率にある、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物が乾式製造される、請求項7〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物が溶剤中で製造され、前記溶剤を常温で蒸発させてから、前記熱処理を行う、請求項7〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理が15〜45分間行われる、請求項7〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱処理の温度が580℃〜680℃である、請求項7〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の複合物の、リチウム蓄電池用電極の活性材料としての使用。
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CN101411008B (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
FR2898885B1 (fr) | 2008-05-30 |
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US20090026413A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
CN101411008A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
EP1999810A2 (fr) | 2008-12-10 |
WO2007110495A2 (fr) | 2007-10-04 |
WO2007110495A3 (fr) | 2007-11-15 |
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