JP2009506985A - 腫瘍の診断及び治療のための標的としてのプレキシンd1 - Google Patents
腫瘍の診断及び治療のための標的としてのプレキシンd1 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
腫瘍血管のため、標的化抗体は、プレキシンD1に対して高い親和性を有し、例えば10−8Mより高く、好ましくは10−9より高く、より好ましくは10−10Mより高いことが望ましい。しかしながら、抗体の高い親和性及び高分子量によって、腫瘍組織中への貫通が制限される。それゆえ、RT−PCRクローニングを介して得られる、該モノクローナル抗体をコードする核酸は、抗体誘導体、例えば定常部を欠失し一価である抗体、又は変異原性手法による血管標的化又は腫瘍貫通に対する最適な親和性に適した抗体断片を生じるのに使用できる。前記抗体誘導体は、より低い親和性及びより低分子量を有し、腫瘍細胞標的化特性が改善される。
プレキシンD1は、ニューロン上に発現されるが、胚発生時に新生血管中の内皮細胞上にも発現する。本発明は、プレキシンD1が、腫瘍関連血管で発現されるが、正常な血管では発現されないことを示す。これは、ヒトの血管新生の黒色腫病変を含有するマウス脳のインサイチュハイブリダイゼーションによって示されてきた(図2)。動物腫瘍モデルは、Kusterts,B et al.,Cancer Res 63:5408−5413(2003)に記載されている。簡潔にいえば、右頸動脈中に顕微手術法を介して、腫瘍細胞を注入し、右脳半球実質中で腫瘍を発達させる。3週間後、神経学的症状の開始時に、マウスを屠殺し、脳を摘出し、ホルマリン固定する。
ヒト腫瘍試料中でプレキシンD1 RNA発現を研究するために、本発明者らは、ヒト特異的プレキシンD1 RNAプローブによるインサイチュハイブリダイゼーションを実施した。高いプレキシンD1 RNA発現レベルは、腫瘍血管及び腫瘍細胞の両者において、多数ヒト腫瘍中で見出されており、その中には多形神経膠芽腫、肉腫の脳転移、腎臓細胞癌、結腸腺癌及び乳腺癌があった。プレキシンD1発現腫瘍の種類の要約を表1に付与する。図3は、インサイチュハイブリダイゼーションの幾つかの例、例えば、神経膠芽腫、黒色腫の脳転移及び結腸癌の脳転移を示す。プレキシンD1 RNAは、腫瘍血管でだけでなく、腫瘍細胞自体でも過剰に見出された。重要なことに、図4Aにあるように、プレキシンD1 RNA発現は、正常な脳の血管で観察されていない。図4Bにおいて、CD31染色を示し、豊富な血管がこれらの切片に存在することを示す。
プレキシンD1タンパク質を検出するために、プレキシンD1に対する親和性で抗体を選択した。この目的のため、van Koningsbruggen,S et al.,J Immunol Methods 279:149−161(2003)に記載のラマBリンパ球からのRT−PCRによって構築されるラマ単一ドメインV−H抗体を発現するM13 pHENIXファージライブラリを構築した。V−H単一ドメイン抗体(sdab)断片をコードする得られたcDNAの集団を、ファージベクターpHENIXHis8VSV中に連結した(結果非表示)結果、C末端に8*Hisタグ及びVSV−Gタグとの融合産物を生じた。イーコリTG1細胞中での電気穿孔後、アンピシリン耐性コロニーを回収し、プールした。
カルボキシ末端において、単一ドメイン抗体にVSV−Hisタグを付し、抗VSV抗体を使用する免疫組織化学的染色を可能にした。単一ドメイン抗体A12及びF8による免疫組織化学的染色のため、次のプロトコールに従った。脱パラフィン処理の後、0.03%H2O2による温置によって、内因性ペルオキシダーゼ活性をブロックした。標準的なプロトコールに従って、プロナーゼによる処理によって抗原検索を実施した。その後、(ヒト及びマウスそれぞれの組織切片中の非特異的結合部位をブロックするために)標準的なウマ又はヤギ血清によってスライドを予め温置した後、sdabsで1時間温置した。マウス又はウサギ抗VSV−G抗血清(Sigma−Aldrich Chemie B.V.,Zwijndrecht,The Netherlands)、適切なビオチン化抗マウス又は抗ウサギ抗体(Vector,Burlingame,CA)、及びアビジン−ビオチンペルオキシダーゼ複合体(Vector,Burlingame,CA)による連続した1時間の温置によって、Sdabsを検出した。最後に、対比染色としてのヘマトキシリンによる3−アミノ−9−エチルカルバゾール(ScyTek,Utah,USA)ペルオキシダーゼ反応によって、ペルオキシダーゼを可視化した。全ての工程を室温で実施した。
実施例4に例証したプロトコールに従って、ヒト黒色腫細胞系Me157−VEGF−Aのマウス大脳異種移植片(Kusters et al.(2003)、上述)の4μm切片を単一ドメイン抗体F8で染色した。抗体は、腫瘍血管上のプレキシンD1を明確に認識した(図7B)。腫瘍上でのプレキシンD1タンパク質発現を更に研究するため、異別の源(多形神経膠芽腫(図8A)、黒色腫の脳転移(図8B)、結腸癌(図8C)及び腎臓細胞癌(図8D))の保存記録用にパラフィン包埋したか又は腫瘍の組織を抗PLXND1sdabsで免疫染色した。連続切片上で抗体A12を使用する免疫組織化学及び抗ヒトCD31染色による比較によって、検討した全ての腫瘍での発現が示され、腫瘍細胞及び腫瘍血管中におけるタンパク質レベルでのプレキシンD1発現が確認された。
プレキシンD1の発現が悪性細胞で生じるかどうかを研究するため、本発明者は、良性母斑、形成異常母斑、放射状発達相の黒色腫、侵襲性黒色腫、播種性黒色腫からなる黒色腫の一連の進行を染色した。良性母斑及び形成異常母斑におけるメラニン形成細胞は、タンパク質を発現しないのに対し、悪性に形質転換した細胞は、放射状発達相においても垂直発達相においても腫瘍はタンパク質に対して陽性である(図9及び表2)。
プレキシンD1発現は、腫瘍血管における内皮細胞の活性化状態と関連する。VEGFR2及びEGFRの阻害剤であるZD6474による処理は、マウス脳腫瘍モデルにおいて血管新生をブロックし、その結果、血管新生から非血管新生への血管吸収発現型の発現型移行を生じることがすでに示された(43)。ZD6474による処理は結果的に、用量依存的な様式で腫瘍関連血管におけるプレキシンD1発現を低下させた(図10)。従って、プレキシンD1発現は、活性化された内皮細胞の特徴である。
抗体A12を使用する免疫組織化学によって、正常な脳、心臓、皮膚、腎臓、脾臓、腸、子宮内膜におけるプレキシンD1の発現を検討した。増殖性子宮筋における血管は、プレキシンD1を発現し、プレキシンD1が病理学的血管新生とだけでなく、生理学的血管新生(非表示)とも関連することを示した。
マクロファージが顕著に関与する疾病におけるプレキシンD1の関与を更に検討するため、アテローム性動脈硬化症プラーク、多発性硬化症、関節リウマチにおいて、免疫組織化学的染色を実施した。マクロファージは、プレキシンD1を発現させる。
腫瘍血管におけるプレキシンD1タンパク質の発現は、プレキシンD1が、静脈内注射を介してアクセス可能であることを示唆する。このことを検査するため、VEGF−A165分子種を発現する安定して形質移入された2×105個のMe157細胞を、BALB/Cヌードマウスの右内頸動脈中に顕微手術で注入した。18日後、動物が神経学的症状を示したとき(Kusters et al.,(2003)、上述)、確立されたMe157−VEGF−A165脳転移を有するヌードマウスの尾静脈中に、クローンA12、F8の1012個のPLXND結合ファージ又は無関連ファージを注射した(A12はn=2、F8はn=4、対照ファージはn=3)。
神経膠腫異種移植系であるE98をマウスに経頭蓋的に注射した。E98腫瘍は、皮下腫瘍として維持される。皮下E98腫瘍を有するBalbc/c nu/nu胸腺欠損マウスを屠殺し、腫瘍を摘出した。滅菌済みメスで腫瘍を細片化し、滅菌済み70μmメッシュナイロンフィルターに、ホモジネートを通過させた。15,000個の細胞を含有する得られた細胞懸濁液20μLをヌードマウスの脳中に経頭蓋的に注射した。3週間後、単一ドメイン抗体F8を呈するM13ファージを静脈内注射し、5分後、リン酸緩衝塩類溶液15mLを使用する心臓灌流へマウスを供した。
ベクターpIREShygにおけるVEGF−A165コード配列でヒト黒色腫Me157細胞を形質移入した。10%ウシ胎仔血清(FCS)及びペニシリン/ストレプトマイシンで補充したダルベッコ変法イーグル培地(DMEM)中で200μg/mLハイグロマイシン中で培養することによって、安定して形質移入した細胞を選択した。ハイグロマイシン耐性遺伝子の発現が、内部リボソーム侵入部位(IRES)を介してVEGF−A cDNAの発現と連結するため、ハイグロマイシン耐性細胞は全て、VEGF−Aタンパク質も生じる。安定して形質移入されたMe157−VEGF細胞をその後、pIRESneo−プレキシンD1 EDで形質移入した。ベクターは、IRESを介してネオマイシン耐性遺伝子の発現へ連結されるヌクレオチド1ないし2745から細胞外ドメインをコードするcDNAを含有する。
発現ベクターpQE16(Qiagen)を使用して、イーコリM15pREP4細胞において、アミノ酸40ないし506に対応するタンパク質配列(成熟タンパク質の459の最大末端アミノ酸)を発現した。封入体として細菌細胞中で生成される組換えタンパク質は、4M尿素及び1mMジチオスレイトール(DTT)を含有する変性緩衝液中で溶解し、その後、PBSに対して徐々に透析した。タンパク質を使用して、標準的な手法に従って、BALBc/cマウス25を免疫化した。
モノクローナル抗体11F5H6が、腫瘍血管を認識できるかどうかを更に評価するため、本質的に実施例10に記載のとおり、血管新生Me157−VEGF−A腫瘍をヌードマウスの脳中で発達させた。この時間後、1.3%イソフルランでマウスを麻酔し、胸部切開し、20mLのリン酸緩衝塩類溶液で心臓灌流を実施した。
関節リウマチのマウスモデルにおけるマクロファージ中で、プレキシンD1を発現させる(図18)。ヒトアテローム性動脈硬化症プラーク中のマクロファージのサブセットも、プレキシンD1を発現させる(図19)。単一ドメイン抗体A12による染色を実施した。図19で、プレキシンD1を赤で、マクロファージマーカーCD68を青で表示する二重染色を実施した。紫色は、同時発現を示す。
Claims (37)
- プレキシンD1の発現を伴う疾患の治療又は診断における標的可能なタンパク質として使用するためのプレキシンD1。
- 診断が、身体又は体組織若しくは体液中のプレキシンD1の存在を検出することによって実施される、請求項1に記載のプレキシンD1。
- 治療が必要とされる部位への治療薬の送達のためにプレキシンD1を標的化することによって治療が実施される、請求項1に記載のプレキシンD1。
- プレキシンD1とそのリガンドとの相互作用を妨害することによって治療が実施される、請求項1に記載のプレキシンD1。
- プレキシンD1の機能を妨害することによって治療が実施される、請求項1に記載のプレキシンD1。
- プレキシンD1をコードする遺伝子の発現を妨害することによって治療が実施される、請求項1に記載のプレキシンD1。
- プレキシンD1の発現を伴う疾患の治療又は診断のための治療用組成物の調製のための、プレキシンD1、プレキシンD1をコードする核酸又はプレキシンD1のリガンドを結合する分子の使用。
- 疾患が、腫瘍細胞、腫瘍血管又は活性化されたマクロファージ上にプレキシンD1が発現されている疾患を含む、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 疾患が、脳腫瘍、特に、星状細胞腫、乏突起膠腫及び血管芽腫、大腸癌、特に大腸の管癌、前立腺癌、腎臓細胞癌、特に腎臓明細胞癌、乳癌、特に乳管癌、卵巣癌、扁平上皮細胞癌、黒色腫、肺癌、特に小細胞肺癌及び非小細胞肺癌、軟部組織肉腫から選択される、請求項7又は8に記載の使用。
- 疾患が、炎症性疾患である、請求項7又は8に記載の使用。
- 炎症性疾患が、自己免疫疾患である、請求項10に記載の使用。
- 自己免疫疾患が、関節リウマチである、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 炎症性疾患が、アテローム性動脈硬化症又は多発性硬化症である、請求項10に記載の使用。
- プレキシンD1を結合する分子が、抗体、抗体断片、タンパク質ドメイン、ペプチド、小分子、DNA又はRNAアプタマーから選択される、請求項7に記載の使用。
- プレキシンD1をコードする核酸を結合する分子が、siRNA、アンチセンスRNA、アンチセンスホスホチオオリゴヌクレオチドから選択される、請求項7に記載の使用。
- プレキシンD1リガンドを結合する分子が、リガンドに対する抗体、プレキシンD1の可溶性外部ドメイン、プレキシンD1結合部位に対して親和性を有するペプチドから選択される、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 結合分子が、検出可能なマーカーで標識される、請求項7ないし16の何れか一項に記載の使用。
- 検出可能なマーカーが、放射性標識、常磁性標識、蛍光標識、化学発光標識から選択される、請求項12に記載の使用。
- 結合分子に、エフェクター化合物又はエフェクター化合物を含むナノデバイスが付与される、請求項7ないし18の何れか一項に記載の使用。
- エフェクター化合物が、毒素、血栓症誘発化合物、化学療法剤、放射性部分、アポトーシス誘発ペプチド、特に(KLAKLAK)2である、請求項19に記載の使用。
- 毒素が、血栓症を誘発するために上皮細胞を損傷又は死滅させ、及び特にリシンである、請求項20に記載の使用。
- 血栓症誘発化合物が、末端切断型組織因子である、請求項20に記載の使用。
- 化学療法剤が、ドキソルビシン、シスプラチン、硫酸ブレオマイシン、カルムスチン、クロラムブシル及びシクロホスファミドヒドロキシ尿素から選択される、請求項20に記載の使用。
- 放射性実体が、テクネチウム99m、ヨウ素−123、ヨウ素−131、レニウム−186又は−188、ガリウム−67、イットリウム−90、ルテチウム−177から選択される、請求項20に記載の使用。
- ナノデバイスが、リポソーム、ポリマーソーム(polymersome)、特にブロック共重合体から構成されるポリマーソムである、請求項19に記載の使用。
- プレキシンD1結合分子。
- A12(配列番号1)、F8(配列番号2)、11F5H6(配列番号3)又は17E9C12(配列番号4)のプレキシンD1結合部分を含む、請求項26に記載のプレキシンD1結合分子。
- 請求項18に記載の検出可能なマーカーに連結結合された、請求項26又は27に記載のプレキシン結合分子。
- エフェクター分子又は、エフェクター化合物を含むナノデバイスへ結合されており、前記エフェクター化合物が請求項20ないし24の何れか一項に定義されているとおりである、請求項26又は27に記載のプレキシン結合分子。
- ナノデバイスが、請求項25に定義されるとおりである、請求項26又は27に記載のプレキシン結合分子。
- 請求項29に記載のプレキシン結合分子を含む、診断用組成物。
- 請求項30ないし32の何れか一項に記載のプレキシン結合分子を含む、治療用組成物。
- 一本鎖抗体A12(配列番号1)。
- 一本鎖抗体F8(配列番号2)。
- 一本鎖抗体11F5H6(配列番号3)。
- 一本鎖抗体17E9C12(配列番号4)。
- 方法が、分子の群をプレキシンD1と接触させること、及びプレキシンD1結合分子としてプレキシンD1への結合を示す分子を、プレキシンD1結合分子として、前記群から選択することを含む、プレキシンD1に結合できる前記分子を同定する方法。
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2006
- 2006-07-20 US US11/996,166 patent/US20100119445A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-20 CN CNA2006800303915A patent/CN101287758A/zh active Pending
- 2006-07-20 DK DK06776353.2T patent/DK1907420T3/en active
- 2006-07-20 EP EP06776353.2A patent/EP1907420B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-07-20 ES ES06776353.2T patent/ES2632360T3/es active Active
- 2006-07-20 AU AU2006271880A patent/AU2006271880A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-07-20 PL PL06776353T patent/PL1907420T3/pl unknown
- 2006-07-20 JP JP2008521907A patent/JP2009506985A/ja active Pending
- 2006-07-20 CA CA2615744A patent/CA2615744C/en active Active
- 2006-07-20 WO PCT/EP2006/007241 patent/WO2007009816A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-20 BR BRPI0613425-4A patent/BRPI0613425A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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2008
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2012
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2018
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WO2018190365A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-18 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 神経障害性疼痛マーカー及びその使用 |
JPWO2018190365A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-12 | 2020-05-14 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 神経障害性疼痛マーカー及びその使用 |
JP7067800B2 (ja) | 2017-04-12 | 2022-05-16 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 神経障害性疼痛マーカー及びその使用 |
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DK1907420T3 (en) | 2017-07-17 |
US9988449B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
US20160311900A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
CN101287758A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
US20120321554A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
US20180319882A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
CA2615744A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
CA2615744C (en) | 2018-03-27 |
PL1907420T3 (pl) | 2017-09-29 |
ES2632360T3 (es) | 2017-09-12 |
WO2007009816A3 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
WO2007009816A2 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
EP1907420A2 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
EP1907420B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
BRPI0613425A2 (pt) | 2012-10-30 |
IL188688A0 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US9422358B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
AU2006271880A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
US20100119445A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
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