JP2009082043A - Raising seedling method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a raising seedling method solving the following problem: a risk of causing scarcity of stocks to be transplanted when transplanted into farm field because of no-good raising seedling when seedlings fall down in the course of raising seedling; a risk of damaging the seedlings because of improper action on the falling-down seedlings by a seedling taking-out device of a transplanting machine when the seedlings fall down at the time of transplanting them into the farm field; and then, a risk of causing unfavorable raising seedlings because sowed seeds become less likely to germinate when increasing the amount of covering soil to increase the thickness of the covering soil despite the intention of preventing the seedlings from falling down. <P>SOLUTION: The raising seedling method includes charging seedbed soil in a raising seedling container 1, pressurizing the charged seedbed soil with a pressurizing projection 3 provided with a stepped pressurizing surface so as to form steps composed of a low-order upper surface 2a and a high-order upper surface 2b on the upper surface of the raising seedling bed, sowing seeds on the low-order upper surface 2a, putting covering soil on the upper portion of the low-order upper surface 2a so as to have the same height as that of the high-order upper surface 2b, and putting covering soil again in the raising seedling container 1 up to the upper end after germination to raise the seedlings. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a seedling raising method.

The floor soil is supplied to the seedling container by the floor soil supply device, the floor soil supplied by the pressing roller as a pressing tool is pressed from above to form the nursery bed, and the seeding device is seeded on the upper surface of the seedling bed, There is known a seeding machine that performs a series of seeding operations of covering the upper surface of the nursery bed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The seedling container that has been seeded by the seeder is subjected to seedling work in a seedling facility.
JP-A-8-187015

  Seeding work shown in the background art is common to various seedlings, for example, seedlings with poor rooting and poor rooting, seedlings with extremely large stems and leaves, etc. When planting in the middle of raising seedlings, seedlings become poor, and when transplanting to a field with a transplanter, the seedling extraction device of the transplanter acts improperly on the fallen seedlings and damages the seedlings, or transplants due to the above-mentioned poor seedlings There is a risk of missing stocks. In particular, when transplanting in the field, exposure to the wind or irrigation before transplanting may cause the cover soil applied in the seeding operation to scatter or reduce the thickness of the cover soil. It becomes easy.

  In order to prevent the lodging of seedlings, it is conceivable to increase the amount of soil covering at the time of sowing. However, if the amount of soil covering is increased to increase the thickness of the soil covering, the seeds that have been sowed become difficult to germinate, and conversely May cause defects.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has taken the following technical means.
That is, the invention according to claim 1 is a seedling raising method in which seedlings are sown on a nursery bed, covered with soil, and again covered with soil after germination.

  Therefore, according to the invention according to claim 1, since sowing after seeding and covering again after germination, germination accuracy can be improved if the amount of soil covering after sowing is set so as not to inhibit seed germination, Lodging of seedlings grown by re-covering after germination can be prevented.

  Moreover, the invention which concerns on Claim 2 supplies floor soil to a seedling raising container (1), and presses the supplied floor soil from the upper direction with the pressing tool (10) provided with the press surface which has a level | step difference, and is a nursery bed. A step is formed on the upper surface between the lower upper surface (2a) and the upper upper surface (2b), seeded on the lower upper surface (2a), and the upper upper surface (2b) above the lower upper surface (2a). The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling is covered with soil so as to have the same height as that of the seedling, and after germination, the seedling is again covered up to the upper end of the seedling container (1) to raise the seedling.

  Therefore, according to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the action of the invention according to claim 1, there is a step between the lower upper surface (2a) and the upper upper surface (2b) on the upper surface of the nursery bed by the pressing tool (10). The upper surface (2b) can be covered with the upper surface (2b) as a guide above the sowed lower upper surface (2a), and the seedling container (1) can be covered after germination. Therefore, even unskilled workers can make the amount of soil covering after sowing and germination appropriate, and thus improve germination accuracy and improve the lodging of seedlings to be raised. Can be prevented.

  According to the invention according to claim 1, since the germination accuracy can be improved and the fall of the seedlings to be nurtured can be prevented, the seedling removal device of the transplanter can perform the seedling well and transplant it to the field with the transplanter. It is possible to prevent seedlings from being damaged or planting missing lines from being generated due to seedling defects.

  According to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the action of the invention according to claim 1, even an unskilled worker can make the amount of soil covering after sowing and germination appropriate, so the soil covering work is easy. This can improve the working efficiency of the sowing work.

One embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
A seedling tray provided with a plurality of seedling pots 1 vertically and horizontally is used as a seedling container. The seedling pot 1 of this seedling tray is supplied with general granular soil containing peat moss, bentonite and the like, and packed with floor soil. Then, seeds, such as vegetables, are supplied and sown on the upper surface of the floor soil, and a light granular soil such as vermiculite is covered thereon. Since the cover soil after sowing uses a light soil, germination of seeds is promoted, but there is a possibility that the seed cover may be scattered or the thickness of the cover soil may be reduced by being exposed to wind or irrigated. Therefore, the soil having a higher specific gravity than the cultivated soil again (for example, dry soil having a particle size of 3 mm or less) is covered to the upper end of the seedling pot 1 at the time before the extraction of the main leaves after germination. Thereby, while being able to raise germination precision, the lodging of the seedling n raised by the re-covering soil f after germination can be prevented. Therefore, subsequent seedlings can be performed well, and when transplanting to a field with a transplanter, it is possible to prevent the seedling removal device of the transplanter from damaging the seedling or generating a planting missing line due to poor breeding . In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, since the sprouted bud pushes up the soil in the vicinity thereof, a dent k may occur in the soil around the bud, but dry soil having a particle size of 3 mm or less is applied to the second covering soil. Since it is used, the depression k can be filled with the second covering soil f, and the soil of the plant stock of the seedling n can be made strong and the fall of the seedling can be prevented.

  In addition, as a method of performing the above-mentioned covering soil, after the floor soil is stuffed, the floor soil in the nursery pot 1 is pressed from above by a pressing tool having a pressing surface having a step, and the lower upper surface 2a is placed on the upper surface of the nursery bed. And a higher side upper surface 2b, sowing on the lower side upper surface 2a, covering the upper side of the lower side upper surface 2a to the same height as the higher side upper surface 2b, after the germination of the seedling pot 1 It can be covered again to the top. As a result, a step is formed between the lower upper surface 2a and the higher upper surface 2b on the upper surface of the nursery bed by the pressing tool, and the higher upper surface 2b with the higher upper surface 2b as a guide above the sowed lower upper surface 2a. The soil can be covered to the same height as the seedling, and the top of the seedling pot 1 that becomes a seedling container after germination can be covered again up to the top, so even unskilled workers can properly cover each soiled amount after sowing and after germination. Thus, the soil covering work can be easily performed, the work efficiency of the sowing work can be improved, the germination accuracy can be further improved, and the fall of the seedlings to be raised can be prevented. As the pressing tool, a pressing roller 10 having a plurality of pressing protrusions 3 arranged on the outer periphery at the same pitch as that of the seedling pot 1 can be employed.

  The pressing protrusion has a central portion 3a and an outer peripheral portion 3b that are flat in such a manner that the upper surface of the nursery bed in the seedling pot 1 is low at the central portion of the seedling pot 1 and is high at the outer peripheral portion. 3a is raised stepwise with respect to the outer peripheral part 3b. In the middle of the central portion 3a of the pressing protrusion 3, a spherical seeding projection 3c for forming the seeding hole 2c is provided. Therefore, by pressing the pressing roller 10 toward the seedling tray while rotating above the seedling tray, as shown in FIG. 3, a flat lower upper surface 2a is formed on the upper surface of the nursery bed in the center of the seedling pot 1. Forming a flat upper surface 2b on the upper surface of the nursery bed on the outer periphery of the seedling pot 1, and forming a spherical seeding hole 2c on the upper surface of the nursery bed in the middle of the seedling pot 1, A step can be formed between the side upper surface 2a and the higher-side upper surface 2b.

  The series of operations from floor filling to covering soil described above can be automatically performed by the seeder 6. The seeder 6 includes a transport conveyor 7 for transporting the seedling tray, and the seedling tray supply device 8, the floor soil supply device 9, the rotating brush 16, the irrigation device 17, A pressing roller 10, a seeding device 11, and a soil covering device 12 are provided. On the conveyor 7, the seedling tray is transported by placing the seedling tray on a box-shaped under tray that opens upward and transporting the under tray. The under tray can also serve as a rice seedling box. In addition, a removable auxiliary rail 13 is provided at the end of the transfer conveyor 7 so that an operator can transfer seedling trays and under trays that are transferred by the transfer conveyor 7 after the supply of the soil, sowing and covering operations are completed. It is picked up and collected on the auxiliary rail 13. The auxiliary rail 13 is provided with leg portions 13a for supporting the rail 13 from the ground. The seeder 6 is also provided with leg portions 6a and 6b at two front and rear positions in the transport direction of the transport conveyor 7, respectively, and a pair of left and right moving wheels 14 at the lower end of the lower leg portion 6b of the transport conveyor 7. Is provided. When moving the seeder 6, the auxiliary rail 13 is removed, and the operator lifts the end of the seeder 6 slightly so that the upper leg 6 a of the conveyor 7 is lifted from the ground, and moves by the moving wheel 14. It is supposed to let you. The seedling tray supply device 8 feeds empty seedling trays one by one from the lower side of the seedling tray group in which a plurality of empty seedling trays are stacked onto the transport conveyor 7. Therefore, when an operator places an under tray on the conveyor 7 below the seedling tray supply device 8, an empty seedling tray is supplied onto the undertray. Then, the empty seedling tray is transported together with the under tray by the transport conveyor 7, the floor soil is supplied to the seedling pot 1 of the seedling tray by the floor soil supply device 9, and the floor soil in the seedling pot 1 is moved upward by the pressing roller 10. To form a low-side upper surface 2a, a high-side upper surface 2b, and a sowing hole 2c. The seeding device 11 supplies seeds, for example, a predetermined number of grains to the sowing hole 2c. The soil is supplied and covered on the seeds sown by the feeding belt.

  The pressing protrusion 3 of the pressing roller 10 presses the floor soil, so that the soil tends to adhere to it, and the shapes of the lower upper surface 2a, the higher upper surface 2b and the seeding hole 2c are not properly maintained. If the brush-shaped scraper which removes the soil adhering to 3 is provided, the shape of the lower side upper surface 2a, the higher side upper surface 2b and the seeding hole 2c can be properly maintained. The pressing roller 10 is attached to a long slot 15 that is vertically long on the machine frame side so that the vertical position can be adjusted. The pressing roller 10 is adjusted while confirming the formation state of the lower upper surface 2a, the higher upper surface 2b, and the seeding hole 2c. By adjusting the vertical position, the lower upper surface 2a, the higher upper surface 2b, and the seeding hole 2c can be made appropriate. Thereby, a germination rate is stabilized and it can raise seedlings favorably. Since the conventional pressure roller is provided only with the seeding projection for forming the seeding hole, and is provided so that the vertical position cannot be adjusted, the seeding hole is caused by the dimensional error of the peripheral members such as the conveyor. The seedling depth becomes inappropriate and the sowing depth becomes inappropriate, so that the germination rate may not be stable and the seedling may not be grown well.

The rotary brush 16 is also provided so that the vertical position of the rotary brush 16 can be adjusted with respect to the conveyor 7 like the pressing roller 10.
A drug supply device can be provided between the seeding device 11 and the soil covering device 12. As a result, it is possible to save the labor of supplying the drug at the time of seedling raising or cultivation in the field, and the work efficiency can be improved.

  In addition, if the interval between the pressure roller 10 and the soil covering device 12 is set to an interval equal to or more than one seedling tray and the seeding device 11 can be easily removed upward with one touch, the seedling tray conveyed by the conveyor 7 Can be easily taken out. In addition, when the seedling tray pressing tool that presses the seedling tray from above is provided before and after the seeding device 11, the seedling tray pressing tool is provided integrally with the seeding device 11, and the seedling tray pressing tool is provided. If it is set as the structure which can be removed integrally with the sowing apparatus 11, the seedling tray conveyed with the conveyance conveyor 7 can be taken out easily.

  When seeding work is performed using this seeder 6, first of all, the seedling tray supply device 8, the floor soil supply device 9, the rotating brush 16, the irrigation device 17, the pressing roller 10, the seeding device 11, and the soil covering device 12 are all. Operate the device until soil covering after sowing. At this time, the amount of cultivating soil in the soil covering device 12 is adjusted to cover the height of the upper upper surface 2b of the nursery bed in the seedling pot 1 by adjusting the driving speed of the soil feeding belt. And the seedling tray which went to the covering soil after sowing is germinated in a germination facility where temperature control and humidity control are performed.

  At the time before the main leaf extraction, the seedling tray is supplied to the seeder 6 again. At this time, devices (seedling tray supply device 8, floor soil supply device 9, rotating brush 16, irrigation device 17, pressing roller 10, and seeding device 11) other than the transfer conveyor 7 and the soil covering device 12 are put into an inactive state. The rotary brush 16 and the pressing roller 10 are brought into a non-operating state by being lifted and retracted to a height that does not contact the seedling tray by adjusting the vertical position thereof. Moreover, the seeding apparatus 11 can be made into the non-operation state which does not sow by removing upward. In addition, the seedling tray supply device 8, the floor soil supply device 9, and the irrigation device 17 can be deactivated by stopping the operation of the feeding mechanism for each supply. In addition, when switching each apparatus other than the transport conveyor 7 and the soil covering apparatus 12 to the non-operating state, as described above, a retracting method, a removing method, or a method for stopping the operation may be appropriately used. And it covers to the upper end of the seedling pot 1 with the soil covering apparatus 12, driving the conveyance conveyor 7 and conveying a seedling tray. In addition, since the cultivation soil to be used is different between the covering soil after sowing and the covering soil after germination, and the amount of covering is also different, the cultivation soil in the soil storage tank of the covering device 12 is replaced, and the amount of cultivation of the soil covering device 12 is adjusted. Alternatively, the soil storage tank or the soil covering device 12 itself needs to be replaced. However, a plurality of types (two types) of soil covering devices are provided along the transport conveyor 7, and the soil covering device in which the soil storage tank is filled with the soil for covering soil after sowing and the soil covering tank in which the soil storage tank is filled with the soil for covering soil after germination are filled. If the device is prepared, it can be handled only by turning on and off the operation of the soil covering device, replacing the soil in the soil storage tank, adjusting the amount of soil cultivation of the soil covering device, and adjusting the soil storage tank or the soil covering device itself. Saves time and effort to replace.

  The covering soil after sowing and germination may be pressed from above. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of ethylene which is a length control hormone is promoted to a seed, and a height can be suppressed. Moreover, if soil with heavy specific gravity, such as river sand, is covered in the hollow in the seedling pot 1 made by the suppression of the soil covering, a further restraint suppression effect can be obtained. Such covering suppression can be automatically performed by the seeder 6. In addition, the third and subsequent coverings after the germination covering is crushed can be performed by supplying the seedling tray to the seeder 6 as described above.

  The seedling tray after the seeding operation is placed on the under tray and placed on a placement floor pressed with a pressure of about 100 to 300 g / (square centimeter) by a pressure reducing roller or the like to grow the seedling. As a result, the laying floor is pressed and hardened, so the roots from the seedling tray are unlikely to extend from the drainage holes of the seedling pot or the undertray to the laying floor, and even if the roots extend to the laying floor, they grow as vigorously as the roots roll. Therefore, the growth of roots in the seedling pot 1 can be promoted, the seedling floor can be made strong, the seedling can be taken out from the seedling pot 1 after seedling, and the seedling is transplanted to the field. Can be performed properly. In addition, if the floor is made of clay soil containing 20% or more of clay and silt, it is easy to compact because there is a lot of clay, and it effectively inhibits roots from extending to the floor. Can do. As another seedling raising method, for example, a seedling tray is placed on a shelf together with an undertray in a seedling facility, and an air pruning effect is produced by exposing the bottom surface of the seedling pot or the undertray to the air. There is a method of suppressing root elongation from the hole and promoting root winding in the seedling pot. However, in this method, since the bottoms of the seedling tray, the under tray and the like are exposed to the air, the floor soil is easy to dry, and it is necessary to perform irrigation frequently.

  Vegetable seedlings grown by the seedling raising method as described above may be used for grafting, for example, tomatoes. Grafting is performed by preparing a seedling for seedling and a seedling for scion, cutting the hypocotyl of each seedling, joining the cut surfaces of each seedling, and fixing with a clip 20. In general, rootstock seedlings are used as grafting seedlings by cutting the root pots and rooting them. Conventionally, grafted seedlings that have undergone this grafting are cured by being inserted into another seedling tray filled with floor soil using an insertion machine or the like. However, since the clip 20 is attached to the grafted seedling, when the seedling is inserted into the seedling tray, the clip 20 becomes an obstacle and the seedling operation is difficult. Therefore, a curing material 21 as shown in FIG. 5 can be used. The curing material 21 includes a side wall 22 that surrounds the four sides, a grid 23 that is formed of a large number of plates provided in a space surrounded by the side wall 22, and the plate material in each space partitioned by the grid 23. Each projecting hook 24 is provided, and a clip 20 is hooked on each hook 24 so that the grafted seedling is supported and cured in each space. Note that the hook 24 in the outermost row on one side of the curing material 21 is supported by protruding from the side wall 22. The hook 24 has a hook shape that bends upward. This eliminates the need for grafting seedlings and allows the grafting seedling clip 20 to be cured by a simple task of hooking the hooks 24 onto the hooks 24, thereby facilitating grafting. In general, curing is performed in a curing room in which temperature and humidity are maintained. The hook 24 may be formed of a bar material that linearly extends upward from the plate material. Thereby, manufacture of the material for curing can be facilitated. Further, the bar hooks may extend upward from the intersections of the lattice 23.

  In addition, the lower part of the grafted seedling can be immersed in a nutrient solution for curing, and the grafted seedling can be promoted to be rooted and rooted. When the grafted seedlings cured by this curing method are used for low-stage dense planting with a large number of planting times in hydroponics, planting in the cultivation is facilitated, and labor saving and cost reduction can be achieved in the cultivation. At this time, since the grafted seedlings using rooted rootstock seedlings have no floor soil, no soil is mixed into the nutrient solution, and the occurrence of disease can be prevented. Conventional low-stage dense planting uses soiled seedlings, which makes planting difficult and raises cultivation costs. When the lower part of the grafted seedling is immersed in the nutrient solution for curing, a storage container 25 having an upper opening for storing the nutrient solution and a seedling support mat 26 placed on the opening of the storage container 25 are used. Good. The seedling support mat 26 includes an infinite number of seedling support holes 26a that are cut at predetermined pitches (25 to 40 mm) vertically and horizontally, and supports the seedlings by inserting grafted seedlings into the seedling support holes 26a. The lower part of the seedling supported by being placed on the opening of the storage container 25 is soaked in the nutrient solution in the storage container 25.

  In addition, the seedlings of onions and onions grown in the seedling tray are transplanted and cultivated in the field, and the cultivated crops such as onions and onions can be harvested by digging with the excavator 30 shown in FIGS. 10 to 13. it can. The digging machine 30 is pulled by a traveling vehicle such as a tractor, and is provided with a plurality of (four) digging frames 31 and 32 arranged in front and rear in a side view. It is configured to dig up crops as 32 enters the soil and moves forward. The plurality (four) of digging frames 31 and 32 are alternately arranged on the left and right with respect to the crop in order from the front side, and the positions on the left and right sides are closer to the crop to be harvested on the rear side. Is set. As a result, the soil around the crop can be gradually broken in order from the front digging frame 31, and the crop can be easily harvested without much damage. The two digging frames 31 on the front side are fixed to the airframe, whereas the two digging frames 32 on the rear side are connected to the rod 34 from the eccentric shaft 33 driven by power from the traveling vehicle side. It is configured to swing back and forth through the transmission. As a result, the soil can be broken down to some extent by the two digging frames 31 on the front side, and then the soil can be finely decomposed by the two digging frames 32 on the rear side that swings, facilitating harvesting. In addition, by changing the connecting position (eccentric position) of the rod 34 connected to the eccentric shaft 33, the amount of rocking of the rear digging frame 32 is changed to cope with soil properties (hardness, brittleness) and the like. Can do.

  FIG. 14 shows a harvester different from the above. This harvesting machine 40 is for harvesting crops such as straw and onion, and has a root cutting part 42 having a root cutting cutter 41 that lifts the crop from the soil while cutting into the soil by entering the soil at the front end. A transport unit 44 including a transport belt 43 that transports a crop lifted behind the root cutting unit 42 to the rear side, an alignment unit 45 that aligns the crops transported behind the transport unit 44, and A bundling portion 46 is provided for bundling the crops that have been aligned behind the alignment portion 45, and the crop is harvested while traveling on a total of four traveling wheels 47 and 48, front and rear, left and right. A steering handle 49 and an engine 50 are provided at the rear end of the airframe, and are transmitted from the engine 50 to the left and right rear wheels 48 via the main transmission case 51 and the left and right auxiliary transmission cases 52. The root cutting cutter 41 has a configuration in which the vertical height can be adjusted to correspond to the length of the root of the crop. The alignment unit 45 includes a swing shelf 53 that tilts backward and swings back and forth, and a guide transport belt 54 provided on one of the left and right sides (right side) of the swing shelf 53, and transports crops backward. It is configured to align while. The swing shelf 53 is configured in a mesh shape so as to penetrate downward, and the power from the main transmission case 51 is transmitted through the rods 55 and 56 and the arms 57, 58, and 59 to swing, and the crops are aligned and conveyed. While removing the soil attached to the crop. The swing shelf 53 is inclined to the left and right at a slight angle, and is configured to be guided and conveyed by the guide conveyance belt 54 while bringing the crops to the left and right sides (right side). The binding unit 46 is provided with a storage container 61 for storing the crops conveyed from the alignment unit 45, loaded with a binding rope r, and put the crops in a ring 60 that can be changed in size, and crops up to the size of the ring 60. When scum is accumulated, the binding rope r is fed out and bound. In addition, an opening / closing shutter 62 is provided at the rear end of the alignment unit 46, and the crop is received so that the crop is not supplied from the alignment unit 45 while the binding unit 46 performs the binding operation by the opening / closing shutter 62. It has become. The harvester 40 can easily harvest crops such as straw and onion.

Sectional view showing the state of seedlings after germination and before extraction of the main leaves Sectional drawing which shows the state which covered the soil for the second time Sectional drawing which shows the state which pressed the nursery bed with the pressing protrusion Side view showing the seeder Plan view showing materials for curing Cross-sectional side view showing a state where a grafted seedling is hooked on a hook Top view showing clip hooked to hook Side view showing a state where the seedling support mat is placed on the storage container Plan view showing mat for seedling support Side view showing digger Rear view showing the digger Side view showing the swing mechanism of the rear digging frame Rear view showing the swing mechanism of the rear digging frame Side view showing harvester

Explanation of symbols

  1: nursery pot, 2a: lower upper surface, 2b: higher upper surface, 10: pressure roller

Claims (2)

A seedling raising method in which seedlings are sown on seedling beds, covered with soil, and seeded again after germination. The floor soil is supplied to the seedling raising container (1), and the pressed floor soil is pressed from above by the pressing tool (10) provided with a pressing surface having a step, and the upper surface of the seedling floor is lowered with the lower upper surface (2a) and the upper surface. Forming a step with the upper side surface (2b), seeding on the lower upper surface (2a), and covering the lower upper surface (2a) with the same height as the upper upper surface (2b), The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein after the germination, the seedling container (1) is again covered with soil until the upper end of the seedling container (1) for raising seedlings.

Images