JP2013252060A - Apparatus and method for fixating plant seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently and reliably inoculating a plant seedling with a vaccine for preventing disease, and an apparatus therefor.SOLUTION: In an apparatus for preventing the leaves of a seedling from hanging down and the seedling from toppling over, a support means for the leaves of a seedling is formed by inserting a plurality of support rods under either a cell tray contained in a casing or a pot seedling, and after the leaves of the seedling and the support means are brought close together, a net is suspended from above to surround the seedling. Also, a method of inoculating with a vaccine or chemical by spraying the vaccine or chemical to the leaves of the seedling fixated by the apparatus is disclosed.

Description

The present invention relates to a plant seedling immobilization apparatus and immobilization method for inoculating and infecting plant viruses and the like.

The present inventors have developed a viral disease control vaccine using an attenuated zucchini macular mosaic virus and an inoculation method thereof (see Patent Document 1). Plant vaccines based on attenuated viruses are hardly taken into plants by simply applying or spraying them. If the seedling leaves are rubbed with a finger and the plant vaccine is rubbed with a cotton swab etc., a reliable infection result can be obtained, but a great deal of labor and time are required.

Then, the plant virus and abrasives are interposed on the surface of the plant body, the roller is pressed and rotated, the plant body is injured and the plant virus is inoculated (see Patent Document 2), In a tray raising method using a cell tray, an inoculation method (see Patent Document 3) has been developed in which a brush is applied to a plant surface to injure the plant surface and inoculate with a plant virus. However, inoculation by roller-brush pressure welding is suitable for plants with soft stems such as tomatoes and peppers, which are suitable for plants with soft stems such as tomatoes and peppers. There are some problems and work efficiency is inferior to spraying.

The virus liquid containing the above abrasive (particularly carborundum) also improves the virus infection rate even when sprayed. However, since the leaves hang down when the virus solution is sprayed and the angles vary, it is impossible to uniformly treat the virus solution on all seedlings. In addition, there was a problem that the soil from the seedling tray was sprinkled up by spraying pressure and unnecessarily adhered to the leaves and stems to damage the seedling. As a solution to this problem, a spray device (see Patent Document 4) having a row of plate-like support means for preventing plant seedling fall, leaf reversal, and drooping has been developed. Although it is suitable for large-scale continuous processing, it is rarely used because the installation location is limited. Furthermore, the height of the seedling varies from individual to individual, and the lower arm of the leaf alone cannot adequately support the leaves of all seedlings. The problem of unstable infection rate has not been solved.

There is also a tensioning device for inserting seedlings into nets for the purpose of preventing fallen seedlings such as cedar (see Patent Document 5). The net of this device supports the seedling from the side, does not aim at preventing drooping or floating of the seedling, and has no prevention effect. It is difficult to apply to anything other than seedlings that extend straight up, and its versatility is low.

Japanese Patent No. 4045358 Japanese Patent No. 2908594 Japanese Patent No. 3759560 Japanese Patent No. 4362584 JP 2003-289724 A

It provides a means for fixing seedlings with variations in height without damaging them and preventing the seedlings from falling over and the drooping of leaves caused by spraying pressure or pressure contact.

The present invention relates to a plant seedling immobilization device and an immobilization method for treating plant viruses on leaves, which can accommodate a commercially available seedling molding tray or a plurality of seedling pots (hereinafter referred to as cell trays), Support means for seedlings and seedling leaves provided with a plurality of support bars arranged at equal intervals in a row in the row direction, support means for seedlings and seedling leaves provided with a plurality of support bars arranged at equal intervals in a row in the row direction, Means for adjusting the height so that each supporting means abuts the back side of the leaves of the seedling, and means for covering the net from above the leaves.

The support means includes a plurality of support bars arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the support bars introduced into the apparatus through the insertion holes support the seedling leaves from below. If the support bar is inserted from the vertical and horizontal directions of the apparatus to form a grid-like frame, the support force is further increased and the fall of the seedling is prevented. The floor board on which the cell tray is installed is movable up and down, and the distance between the installed seedling and the support bar can be adjusted. The floor board is supported by four cams and moves up and down by the synchronous rotation of the cams. The leaves of the seedlings are supported by the adjacent support rods and do not droop, and the seedlings are prevented from falling. By covering the seedling with a net from above and extending and locking the net, the seedling is fixed in a sandwich without being damaged. By spraying the vaccine from the net of the net or inoculating the leaves of the seedlings by pressing a roller, the labor saving and efficiency improvement of the inoculation work is brought about.

The seedlings capable of treating plant viruses with this apparatus are intended for any seedlings grown in a seedling box or cell tray, but the cell tray is preferred in view of work efficiency. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the kind of plant used as object, as for the size of a seedling, a young seedling is preferable when considering the sensitivity of virus and work efficiency. The kind of plant virus used as object is also not specifically limited. Other than plant viruses, they can also be effectively used for filamentous fungi and bacteria that are useful microorganisms.

Since the present invention can fix the leaves from above and below regardless of the height variation of the seedlings, the leaves may be pushed down by spray pressure or pressure contact, the seedlings may fall down or the seedlings may be damaged by inoculation. And can reliably handle plant viruses. The virus disease control rate is improved, which contributes to an increase in crop yield.

It is a typical front view of this apparatus. It is a typical side view of this apparatus. It is a typical top view of this apparatus. It is the photograph of the seedling just before spray inoculation which is supporting the lower part of the leaf with the support rod of the row direction of the conventional method. It is the photograph of the seedling just before spray inoculation which is supporting the lower part of a leaf | lattice in the grid | lattice form with the support stick | rod of this invention. The lower part of the leaf of the present invention is a support rod in the row direction, and the upper part of the leaf is a photograph of a seedling immediately before spray inoculation with a net covered and fixing the leaf up and down. The lower part of the leaf of the present invention is a lattice-shaped support rod, and the upper part of the leaf is a photograph of a seedling immediately before spray inoculation in which a net is covered and the leaf is fixed up and down. It is a photograph of an intact seedling after virus inoculation. It is the photograph of the seedling damaged after virus inoculation. It is the photograph of the seedling after spray-inoculating by supporting the lower part of a leaf with the support rod of the row direction of the conventional method. From the traces of carborundum on the leaves (gray spots, stains), it can be seen that the amount of virus attached to the leaves is small. It is a photograph of the seedling after spraying inoculation while supporting the lower part of the leaf in a lattice shape with the support rod of the present invention. From the traces of carborundum on the leaves (gray spots, stains), it can be seen that the amount of virus attached to the leaves is small. The lower part of the leaves of the present invention is a row of support rods, and the upper part of the leaves is a photograph of a seedling after spray inoculation with the nets fixed on top and bottom. From the traces of carborundum on the leaves (gray spots, stains), the virus liquid steadily adheres to the leaves. The lower part of the leaf of the present invention is a grid-like support rod, and the upper part of the leaf is a photograph of a seedling after spray inoculation with a net covered and fixed on the top and bottom. From the traces of carborundum on the leaves (gray spots, stains), the virus liquid steadily adheres to the leaves.

1. Body 2. Floor board 3. Cell tray4. 4. Support bar Fixed frame 6. Insertion hole 7. Sliding frame 8. Hinge 9. Side table 10. 10. Foldable shelf bracket Stopper 12. Base support rod 13. Base support bar receiver 14. Cam 15. Camshaft 16. Elevating lever 17. Connecting line 18. Zhang wire
19. Fixed stopper 20. Triangular stopper 21. Net 22. Net stop

The apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a side view thereof. The main body 1 is a housing that is open at the top and has a step on the side surface, and houses the cell tray 3 on a floor plate 2 that can be raised and lowered. The support means for supporting the seedlings of the cell tray 3 from below basically includes a plurality of support bars 4, a fixed frame 5 in which the support bars 4 are embedded at equal intervals, and a slide in which an insertion hole 6 in which the support bars can slide is opened. It consists of a moving frame 7. The sliding frame 7 is installed at the two side surfaces and the back surface of the high step portion of the main body 1, and the support rod 4 is guided into the main body through this. The side sliding frame 7 may be installed on a retractable side table 9 connected to the main body by a hinge 8. The side table 9 is fixed by a folding shelf bracket 10.

The support bar 4 placed on the side table 9 naturally has a difference in height from the support bar 4 on the back surface, and the support bar 4 is kept horizontal, so that it can be easily inserted into the main body 1. In order to prevent the support bar 4 from falling when the side table 9 is folded, it is better if the stopper 11 is driven into the tip of the support bar 4. The length of the back support bar 4 is slightly longer than the length of the cell tray 3 in the column direction, and the length of the side support bar 4 is slightly longer than 1/2 of the length of the cell tray in the row direction. It becomes a standard.

Similarly, the interval between the support bars 4 is determined so that the back surface is equal to the cell interval in the column direction of the cell tray 3 and the side surface is equal to the cell interval in the row direction. The shape of the support bar 4 is preferably a round bar from the viewpoint of slidability, and the diameter is preferably in the range of 5 to 15 mm in order to advance and retreat between the seedlings. The diameter of the insertion hole 6 is such that the support rod 4 can be easily slid and the tip of the support rod 4 is not excessively unstable, specifically, 1 to 2 mm larger than the diameter of the support rod 4. Furthermore, the tip of the support bar 4 can be easily advanced and retracted between seedlings by rounding or tapering. Plastic materials are optimal for these processes and stopper mounting, but are not limited thereto. The length of the side support rod 4 may be doubled and inserted from one side.

The support means are: 1) Insert the back support bars 4 (in the row direction) into the main body, 2) Slide the cell tray 3 to position the seedlings between the support bars 4, and 3) Side support bars 4 (in the row direction) 4), and 4) the base support rod 12 is placed on the base support rod support 13 to support the load at the tip of the back support rod 4. The side support rods 4 must be inserted between the seedlings after the cell tray 3 is slid, but the back support rods 4 can be fixed to the main body without the sliding frame 7. In addition, if the seedling leaves are large, sufficient support force can be maintained only by the support rod 4 on the back surface, and therefore the insertion of the support rod 4 on the side surface may be omitted. It is also possible to improve the support force by narrowing the interval between the support rods 4 on the back surface or increasing the diameter of the support rods 4 and omit the installation of the side support rods 4.

If the support bar 4 that supports the seedling leaves is not brought close to the seedling leaves, the supporting effect cannot be obtained. In the present invention, adaptability to various plant seedlings is enhanced by bringing the seedling leaves and the support bar 4 close to each other by means of moving the floor plate 2 on which the cell tray 3 is placed. The floor plate 2 is evenly supported by four cams 14 and moves up and down by driving the cams 14. The cams 14 are discs having a thickness of less than 1 cm, and the two cams are attached eccentrically near the ends of the two cam shafts 15. If a cam having a radius of 5 cm is used for the cam 14 and the cam shaft 15 is passed through the position of about 3 cm from the center of the cam 14, the height difference of the floor plate 2 becomes about 6 cm and can be used for various seedlings. The shape of the cam 14 is not limited to a disk, and an ellipse or a saddle shape can be used, and the material of the cam 14 is not particularly limited.

The two camshafts 15 are attached rotatably through the side surfaces of the main body 1. An elevating lever 16 is attached to one end of the camshaft 15 to manually raise and lower the floor board. The two cam shafts 15 are connected by a connecting line 17 and rotate synchronously. The connecting line 17 in FIG. 2 is connected to a cross, and the cam 14 rotates symmetrically in opposite directions, but there is no particular problem even with asymmetrical rotation connecting the connecting lines 17 in parallel. The material of the connecting wire 17 is optimally a fishing PE line with little expansion / contraction, but koto, belts and chains can also be used. By winding a stretchable tension wire 18 around the cam shaft 15 and applying a rotational moment to the cam shaft 15 in the upward direction, the floor plate 2 at the time of no load is always positioned at the highest position so that the cell tray 3 can be easily installed. To do. Over-rotation of the camshaft 15 is prevented by a fixed stopper 19 installed in the immediate vicinity of the elevating lever 16. After adjusting the height of the seedling, the lifting lever 16 is fixed by a movable triangular stopper 20. Further, the floor plate 2 is provided with a hole for inserting a finger, and the inside can be inspected or cleaned by removing the hole. The raising / lowering means described here is an example and is not limited to this structure.

Subsequently, the net 21 installed on the outer wall on the back of the main body is extended, the tip is hooked on the net stopper 22 and locked, and the seedling is covered with the net 21. The stretchable material attached to the end of the net 21 causes the net 21 to wrap the seedling with an appropriate pressure and to fix the leaves of the seedling. The seedling is protected by the sandwich structure of the flexible net 21 and the rigid support body 4, and can resist the pressure of spraying without being damaged. The mesh of the net 21 is preferably a size in which the leaves of the seedling do not protrude, that is, a range of 5 to 15 mm, and the material of the net 21 has flexibility, moderate strength and durability that do not damage the leaves of the seedling. preferable. Many commercially available synthetic fiber nets fit this purpose. The net stopper 22 can be an L-shaped screw.

In the following examples, in the case of cucumber, the cultivar “Tsuya Taro” was grown in a 162-well cell tray, and in the case of pumpkin or zucchini, the cultivar “Ebisu” or “Diner” was bred in a 72-well cell tray. The seedlings were inoculated when the first true leaves of the seedlings began to appear. Moreover, the inoculated virus used each lyophilized preparation, and used the liquid form which added 5% carborundum. Inoculation was performed using a spray gun except for the method of rubbing with a cotton swab, and spraying pressure 0.4 MPa, 0.3 mL per seedling from a height of 5 cm upward from the leaves. The infection rate of the virus was investigated by ELISA 14 days after inoculation.

A conventional freeze-dried preparation of a zucchini macular mosaic virus attenuated strain, 1. Method of rubbing the leaf epidermis with a cotton swab 2. A method of spraying while supporting the leaf from the lower part of the leaf with a palm while sandwiching the stem between fingers. 3. A method of spraying while supporting the lower part of the leaves only with the support rods 4 in the row direction (back side) (FIG. 4). A method of spraying while supporting the lower part of the leaf in a grid using column and row support rods 4 (FIG. 5) and injecting the net 21 on the upper part of the leaf 3 and 4 and fixing the leaf up and down The methods were 5 (see FIG. 6) and 6 (see FIG. 7), respectively. Table 1 shows the results of the infection rate in each inoculation method. 40 strains were used for the test. Table 2 shows the presence or absence of damage (see FIGS. 8 and 9) that leaves or stems were damaged by each inoculation method. 81 strains were used for the survey.

30 strains in Method 1 using a cotton swab and rubbing the epidermis of a leaf using a lyophilized preparation of attenuated strains of pumpkin mosaic virus (WMV) and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Method 6 using the apparatus of the present invention Inoculated cucumber. Table 3 shows the infection rate.

By the same method as in Example 2, the lyophilized preparation of WMV was inoculated into 30 pumpkin or zucchini strains. The infection rate is shown in Table 4.

From the results shown in Table 1, when spraying with a spray gun, a stable infection rate could not be obtained only by support from the lower part of the leaves. However, in the inoculation methods 5 and 6 using the apparatus of the present invention, since the seedlings are securely fixed so that the leaves are sandwiched between the upper part and the lower part, the amount of virus sprayed at high pressure and attached to the leaves is the conventional method. Obviously, the infection rate was highly stabilized (FIGS. 10, 11, 12 and 13). Also, from Table 2, seedling damage was slight in Method 5 and was not confirmed at all in Method 6.

From these results, it was confirmed that the addition of the net 21 is extremely effective in increasing the infection rate of the attenuated virus and decreasing the damage rate of the seedlings. From the results in Tables 3 and 4, it was confirmed that in Method 6, a high infection rate was obtained with any virus in cucumber seedlings, pumpkin seedlings or zucchini seedlings.

Claims (9)

A seedling molding tray or a casing that can accommodate pot seedlings is opened in the upper part, and the casing is composed of a plurality of support bars arranged in parallel to support seedling leaves from below and support means and seedlings. An apparatus for immobilizing plant seedlings, comprising a net for wrapping leaves from above. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the support means is a lattice-like frame formed by a plurality of support bars installed or inserted in a vertical direction on a side surface of the housing and a plurality of support bars inserted from a lateral direction. Furthermore, the apparatus of Claims 1-2 which has a means to which the leaf of a seedling and a support means are adjoined. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the seedling leaf and the supporting means is adjusted by raising and lowering the floor surface of the housing for housing the seedling molding tray or pot seedling. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the floor surface of the housing is moved up and down by driving a cam that supports the floor surface at four points. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the net material is a flexible fiber, and the net mesh size is smaller than the seedling leaves. Device according to claims 1-6 for plant vaccination purposes. A method for immobilizing seedling leaves, wherein the seedling molding tray or pot seedling leaves accommodated on the floor surface of the housing are wrapped from above with a net and pressed onto a support rod. A method for inoculating a plant vaccine, comprising immobilizing seedling leaves by the apparatus according to claim 1 and spraying the plant vaccine from the net or rubbing it with a brush or roller.