CN102939942B - Special device and method for transferring aphidius gifuensis - Google Patents
Special device and method for transferring aphidius gifuensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102939942B CN102939942B CN201210391130.3A CN201210391130A CN102939942B CN 102939942 B CN102939942 B CN 102939942B CN 201210391130 A CN201210391130 A CN 201210391130A CN 102939942 B CN102939942 B CN 102939942B
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Abstract
The invention in particular relates to a special device and a method convenient for transferring cultured alates to tobacco seedlings. The invention is to provide a special device and method for transferring aphidius gifuensis, which is convenient in use and can increase the survival rate of the aphidius gifuensis transferred to the tobacco seedlings. The special device comprises rotating shafts and a rope, wherein the two rotating shafts are arranged away from each other; two ends of the rope are respectively fixed on the two rotating shafts; the ropes are arranged in parallel; the length of the rope is larger than the distance between the two rotating shafts; and a carrier for carrying the alates of the aphidius gifuensis is fixed on the rope. During using, the method comprises the following steps: beginning to put the carriers with the alates on the rope from the rotating shaft with the rope; after these carriers are placed, rotating the rotating shaft to move the carriers; and then continuing to place the carriers on the rope until the carriers cover the whole area above the tobacco seedlings; after the emergence of the alates, naturally transferring the alates to the tobacco seedlings; and then transferring the tobacco seedlings to fields for releasing honeybees. According to the invention, the industrial application of the technology for preventing myzus persicae by using the aphidius gifuensis in the tobacco production is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the technology of aphid cocoon honeybee control cigarette aphid; The aphidius gifuensis that is specifically related to be convenient to cultivate is transferred to special purpose device and the method on cigarette seedling.
Background technology
In tobacco planting, cigarette aphid is a kind of important harm biology.Cigarette aphid takes food cigarette strain juice with sucking mouth parts, the cigarette strain poor growth that makes to be injured, and quality declines; Alatae can also be propagated the multiple virus diseases such as cucumber mosaic, and tobacco is caused to even more serious loss.
To the control of cigarette aphid, conventional have chemical control, physical control and a biological control.But in practice because physical control just to do difficulty large, effect is unreliable, main or chemical control.But chemical control causes residue of pesticide and pollution, increases the weight of agricultural environment pollution.Also the difficulty that increases tobacco processing, causes the residual increase of tobacco finished product poisonous and harmful substance, increases the weight of the harm to smoker's health.
In prior art, biological control is mainly to adopt the hostile cigarette aphid in sky of cigarette aphid to control.Aphidius gifuensis is the important parasite of cigarette aphid, all has existence in Ge Yan district of China.Aphidius gifuensis is obvious to the Natural control action of cigarette aphid, has comparatively wide application prospect aspect the biological control of cigarette aphid.But the aphidius gifuensis limited amount of naturally sending out, and it is all comparatively elementary aspect technology and equipment facility manually to send out at present aphidius gifuensis, is difficult to send out in a large number and commercial application.
In succession there are afterwards many reports of the technology about amount reproduction aphidius gifuensis, solved the technical barrier of aphidius gifuensis breeding.The technology of aphidius gifuensis breeding mainly contains that Chinese patent ZL200810187795.6 and ZL200910095036.1 introduce, its basic fundamental thinking be all aphidius gifuensis first have cigarette aphid as host's cigarette seedling on amount reproduction, turn into into honeybee by stiff aphid, then with gathering unit, honeybee is collected in and in container, takes field and put honeybee.Aphidius gifuensis spreads large field and plays the effect that prevents and treats land for growing field crops cigarette aphid damage by disease and insect.
But like this aphidius gifuensis is moved on to the process in field, because need similar collection, the conveying arrangements such as suction buzzer, vial, mesh bag; So the limbs to aphidius gifuensis damage, and after being put into field, a lot of honeybees are fallen ground and can not transfer in time on cigarette seedling, and mortality, even also inhomogeneous after shifting.That is to say that the survival rate that in prior art, aphidius gifuensis shifts to land for growing field crops is low.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy to use, can improve the aphidius gifuensis that aphidius gifuensis translates into motility rate to cigarette seedling and shift special purpose device and transfer method.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of aphidius gifuensis shifts special purpose device, it is characterized in that: comprise two optionally rotating shaft and several ropes in rotation or stationary state; Two described rotating shafts are from layout, and the height that rotating shaft is liftoff is greater than height and the cigarette height of seedling degree sum of carrier; Described rope two ends are separately fixed in two rotating shafts; The length of described rope is greater than the spacing of two rotating shafts; On rope, fixedly carry the carrier of the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis.
Accordingly, the transfer method of the comparatively preferred aphidius gifuensis identical with special purpose device technical conceive, step comprises:
Cigarette seedling is evenly gathered;
Two rotating shafts are set above cigarette seedling both sides, and rope two ends are separately fixed in rotating shaft, and rope length is the twice of rotating shaft spacing, and rope is parallel arranges many;
Rotating shaft is rolled onto rope in a rotating shaft, and rope is tightened;
There is rotating shaft place of rope to start on rope, to lay the carrier with stiff aphid from volume, place some carriers with regard to rotating shaft mobile vehicle, then continue to lay carrier on rope, until carrier covers full wafer cigarette seedling top;
Wait for after stiff aphid sprouts wings into honeybee and naturally transferring on cigarette seedling, then cigarette seedling is taken to field and treat that aphidius gifuensis transfers on the cigarette seedling of field.
Described carrier namely carries tobacco leaf or the cigarette seedling of stiff aphid, and tobacco leaf directly snaps between rope, if potted plant cigarette seedling is fixed on rope potted plant with rope or rope.Can be to be fixed on support as for the set-up mode of rotating shaft, also can be arranged on the wall of both sides, nursery or any-mode with bearing or other parts, as long as can rotate while wanting rotating shaft, want solid time axle to fix.
Specifically, taking the tobacco leaf with stiff aphid as carrier, this transfer method namely: rotating shaft is arranged in cigarette seedling both sides tops, arranges rope; First, by rotating shaft, rope can be rolled onto in a rotating shaft by free movable part, now the rope between two rotating shafts is tightened.Then operator has one end of rope to start to arrange tobacco leaf or the cigarette seedling with stiff aphid at every rope from volume, arranges after some tobacco leaves with stiff aphid, rotates two rotating shafts the tobacco leaf having placed is moved to another rotating shaft reposefully; Then operator can continue to lay the tobacco leaf with stiff aphid on empty rope, until cigarette seedling top has all covered the tobacco leaf with stiff aphid.So stiff aphid will fly on fresh cigarette seedling and stable resting on cigarette seedling after sprouting wings into honeybee after a while naturally.Then cigarette seedling is transported to field and evenly place, aphidius gifuensis can evenly be diffused on field cigarette seedling around.
In the device course of work of the present invention, tobacco leaf is even running all the time, and aphidius gifuensis is naturally diffused on cigarette seedling after tobacco leaf is fixed on rope.Avoid using the collection conveying arrangement of suction buzzer, vial, mesh bag.Aphidius gifuensis is all completely naturally under condition, to exist, avoided limbs infringement completely in whole process.Efficiency to field cigarette seedling diffusion transfer is high, survival rate is high.Technology commercial application in tobacco produces of utilizing aphidius gifuensis to prevent cigarette aphid is become a reality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that structural representation is cutd open depending on office in a left side of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the use state reduction schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another rough schematic view of the use state of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1 to 4, aphidius gifuensis shifts special purpose device, comprise two optionally rotating shafts 10 in rotation or stationary state, that is to say that this rotating shaft 10 not only has the function of rotation, is also provided with corresponding control structure and can remains static or claim stationary state.Special purpose device also comprises several ropes 11.Aforesaid two rotating shafts 10 are from layout, and the height that rotating shaft 10 is liftoff is greater than height and the cigarette seedling 30 height sums of carrier 20, is convenient to like this arrange carrier 20, carrier 20 arranged beneath cigarette seedlings 30.Carrier 20 is exactly the tobacco leaf that carries the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis conventionally, and tobacco leaf is lightweight, has reduced the active force to rope 11.Described rope 11 two ends are separately fixed in two rotating shafts 10.The length of described rope 11 is greater than the spacing of two rotating shafts 10; On rope 11, fixedly carry the carrier 20 of the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis.
Be more preferably: parallel layout between described rope 11, the length of rope 11 is the twice of two rotating shaft 10 spacing.Parallel layout is not necessarily strictly parallel, as long as almost parallel ensures that the layout of rope 11 is evenly basic.
In principle, say as long as the length of rope 11 is greater than the spacing of two rotating shafts 10, just can lay a certain amount of carrier 20, can realize object of the present invention.But in the time that rope 11 length are 2 times of rotating shaft 10 spacing, the space of two 10 of rotating shafts just can arrange that as far as possible many carriers 20 shift stiff aphid, raising equipment and utilization of area efficiency to cigarette seedling 30.
Described rotating shaft 10 optionally can have various ways to realize in rotation or stationary state.Can be to be for example set to the mode that stepper motor drives rotating shaft 10 to rotate or park, automaticity be high like this, uses laborsaving.Or: described rotating shaft 10 ends arrange is convenient to the handle 18 of rotating shaft 10 and the position-limit mechanism that restriction rotating shaft 10 is rotated.Such agency cost is cheap, uses very convenient too.Concrete structure as for handle 18 is not strict with, and can be that the rod member that is fixed in rotating shaft 10 ends as shown in Fig. 1,2 forms; An or disk shaped handle; Or be only, in rotating shaft 10 ends, a breach is set, user inserts rod member rotating shaft 10 effortlessly in breach.
Also there is the embodiment being much equal to as for position-limit mechanism, for example: described rotating shaft 10 two ends are fixed in bearing, and described position-limit mechanism comprises the ratchet being fixed in rotating shaft 10, is equipped with ratchet with ratchet.Such structure shaft 10 rotates laborsaving, utilizes ratchet and pawl arrangement can realize easily parking of rotating shaft 10.And utilize the general knowledge of ratchet and pawl arrangement to the spacing those skilled in the art of being of rotatable components, be convenient to promote and use.That those skilled in the art determine according to place or other factors as for the setting position of ratchet, without creative work; Conventionally as long as ratchet is hinged on certain fixed part away from one end of ratchet.
Or: described position-limit mechanism comprises that rotating shaft 10 is made up of steel pipe, and rotating shaft 10 two ends are sheathed in steel pipe 10`, frictional fit between steel pipe 10` and rotating shaft 10.Described frictional fit that is to say: fixed rotating shaft 10 ends be not bearing, but two steel pipe 10` that internal diameter is suitable with rotating shaft 10 external diameters, because not lubricated setting between the rotating shaft 10 that common steel pipe 10` and steel pipe form, inevitable frictional force is larger.So rotating shaft under external force 10 is rotated; After external force disappears, rotating shaft 10 has just been parked naturally, can not be rotated further again.Namely the frictional force between relying part part realize the fixing of rotating shaft 10 or claim static, so be called frictional fit.Such structure arranges more convenient, and cost is lower, and the possibility of having avoided lubricated wet goods material to contact with aphidius gifuensis, avoids the biologies such as aphidius gifuensis or cigarette seedling to be subject to chemical contamination.Certainly, such frictional fit can also form by friction plate being set on the contact-making surface of rotating shaft 10 and steel pipe 10` or bearing or axle sleeve; Simple in structure like this, easy to use.
Further improve and be: described device comprises the height-regulating mechanism that regulates rotating shaft 10 terrain clearances.
Such height-regulating mechanism also has a lot of embodiments, for example, the position lifting of oil cylinder or cylinder drive rotating shaft 10 is set; Or the support of using differing heights instead fixes rotating shaft 10 and matching component thereof.Rotating shaft 10 position liftings just can adapt to the carrier 20 of more height or length dimension, device easy to use, and adaptability is stronger.
Preferred technical scheme is: described height-regulating mechanism comprises portal trestle, described bearing or steel pipe 10` are fixed on vertical pipe box 12, vertical pipe box 12 is set on the column 13 of portal trestle, the rotating shaft 10 sheathed horizontal pipe boxes 14 in middle part, the laterally affixed elevating lever 15 of pipe box 14, on elevating lever 15 shafts, the vertical pipe box 16 of the sheathed second vertical pipe box 16, the second is fixed on the crossbeam 17 of portal trestle; Described elevating lever 15 is along the multiple pin-and-holes 151 of the rectangular upper layout of bar, and the pin 152 coordinating with pin-and-hole 151 is positioned at the second vertical pipe box 16 upsides and forms to keep out with the second vertical pipe box 16 and coordinates.In such structure, extract pin 152, elevating lever 15 is elevated to suitable position, now rotating shaft 10 two ends also can move up and down along column 13 because of the effect of vertical pipe box 12.And then pin 152 is inserted in the pin-and-hole 151 of the second vertical pipe box 16 upper edge, can realize the locking of elevating lever 15 positions; Lifting has been carried out in rotating shaft 10 positions simultaneously.Such embodiment is simple in structure, with low cost, uses also very convenient; Also avoided contacting with oil, gas; Also unfavorable with electric energy, energy-saving and environmental protecting.
Further, on the column 13 of described portal trestle, be positioned at vertical pipe box 12 belows reinforcing crossmember 19 is set, column 13 foots arrange the supporting leg 13` vertical with column 13, and described supporting leg 13` is along rope 11 length directions with along rotating shaft 10 length directions layouts.Supporting leg 13` is simple in structure, takes up an area less, is convenient to portal trestle placement stable, facilitates device to use.Reinforcing crossmember 19 is guaranteed portal trestle Stability Analysis of Structures.
Fig. 3, the 4th, the use state reduction schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention, introduces aphidius gifuensis transfer method of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with Fig. 3.
First, cigarette seedling 30 is evenly gathered; Conventionally cigarette seedling 30 is in the nursery of growing seedlings, to carry out early stage to cultivate, and can be naturally to cultivate in field, can be also to cultivate in the flowerpot as shown in Fig. 3,4.And now cigarette seedling itself is exactly evenly to gather, can directly utilize.
Then portal trestle is put to the position, two of a slice cigarette seedling 30, then utilized the through hole 101 in rotating shaft 10 to fix rope 11.Namely rope 11 two ends are fixed in rotating shaft 10 by through hole 101 respectively, and rope 11 length are the twice of rotating shaft 10 spacing, and rope 11 is parallel arranges many.Certainly, in the structure that there is no through hole 101, also can adopt the mode of other said function to realize rope 11 and be connected with rotating shaft 10, as long as ensure that, in the time of rotating shaft 10, rope is non-slip.
Then rotating shaft 10 is rolled onto rope 11 in a rotating shaft 10, and rope 11 is tightened.
There are rotating shaft 10 places of rope 11 to start to lay carrier 20 on rope 11 from volume again, for example, with the tobacco leaf of stiff aphid.Place some carriers 20 and just rotate another rotating shaft 10 mobile vehicles 20.Now, in the time adopting the embodiment of frictional fit, two rotating shafts 10 are rotated conventionally together, guarantee to rotate smooth and easy.Place after the rope reach of carrier, continue to lay carrier 20 on empty rope 11, now as shown in Figure 3.Continue to lay carrier 10 until carrier 20 covers full wafer cigarette seedling 30 tops, state now as shown in Figure 4.
Wait for that stiff aphid sprouts wings into after honeybee, since soon wilting as the tobacco leaf of carrier 20, so aphidius gifuensis can be transferred on fresh cigarette seedling 30 below by nature.And then by cigarette seedling 30 move to field evenly, interval places, aphidius gifuensis diffusion transfer on the cigarette seedling of peripherad field planting naturally.
In figure, for display structure clearly, only illustrated two ropes 11 and two corresponding smoke evacuation seedlings 30, but in practice for efficiency is provided, rope 11 conventionally more, cigarette seedling 30 is conventionally closeer.
In the whole process of aphidius gifuensis being transferred to field cigarette seedling, can not damage aphidius gifuensis.Because the aphidius gifuensis of just having sprouted wings can be attached on cigarette seedling 30 naturally, so the loss of the aphidius gifuensis of carrying cigarette seedling is few, and this has been unique loss.All the other links are without any loss.The efficiency and the survival rate that shift significantly improve.Certainly, from technical scheme of the present invention and,, the tobacco leaf of carrier 20 is normally cultivated to take while soon sprouting wings stiff aphid and is operated, and conventionally within 2-5 hour before emergence, carries out.Take too that early tobacco leaf is wilting too early, be unfavorable for that stiff aphid grows up.Or can be with the cigarette seedling that carries stiff aphid as carrier, cigarette seedling is fixed on rope with mesh bag, so just without the operation selection on opportunity.
Claims (5)
1. aphidius gifuensis shifts a special purpose device, it is characterized in that: comprise two optionally rotating shaft (10) and several ropes (11) in rotation or stationary state; Described two rotating shafts (10) are from layout, and the liftoff height of rotating shaft (10) is greater than height and cigarette seedling (30) the height sum of carrier (20); Described rope (11) two ends are separately fixed in two rotating shafts (10); The length of described rope (11) is greater than the spacing of two rotating shafts (10); The upper carrier (20) that fixedly carries the stiff aphid of aphidius gifuensis of rope (11); Described rotating shaft (10) end arranges is convenient to the handle (18) of rotating shaft (10) and the position-limit mechanism that restriction rotating shaft (10) is rotated;
Described rotating shaft (10) two ends are fixed in bearing, and described position-limit mechanism comprises the ratchet being fixed in rotating shaft (10), is equipped with ratchet with ratchet;
Or described position-limit mechanism comprises rotating shaft (10), rotating shaft (10) is made up of steel pipe, and rotating shaft (10) two ends are sheathed in steel pipe (10`), frictional fit between steel pipe (10`) and rotating shaft (10).
2. a kind of aphidius gifuensis according to claim 1 shifts special purpose device, it is characterized in that: described device comprises the height-regulating mechanism that regulates rotating shaft (10) terrain clearance.
3. a kind of aphidius gifuensis according to claim 2 shifts special purpose device, it is characterized in that: described height-regulating mechanism comprises portal trestle, described bearing or steel pipe (10`) are fixed on vertical pipe box (12), vertical pipe box (12) is set on the column (13) of portal trestle, rotating shaft (10) the sheathed horizontal pipe box in middle part (14), the laterally affixed elevating lever of pipe box (14) (15), the sheathed second vertical pipe box (16) on elevating lever (15) shaft, the second vertical pipe box (16) is fixed on the crossbeam (17) of portal trestle; Described elevating lever (15) is along the bar multiple pin-and-holes of rectangular upper layout (151), and the pin (152) coordinating with pin-and-hole (151) is positioned at the second vertical pipe box (16) upside and forms to keep out with the second vertical pipe box (16) and coordinates.
4. a kind of aphidius gifuensis according to claim 3 shifts special purpose device, it is characterized in that: the column (13) of described portal trestle is gone up, is positioned at vertical pipe box (12) below reinforcing crossmember (19) is set, column (13) foot arranges the supporting leg (13`) vertical with column (13), and described supporting leg (13`) is arranged along rope (11) length direction with along rotating shaft (10) length direction.
5. an aphidius gifuensis transfer method, step comprises:
Cigarette seedling (30) is evenly gathered;
In top, cigarette seedling (30) both sides, two rotating shafts (10) are set, it is upper that rope (11) two ends are separately fixed at rotating shaft (10), and rope (11) length is the twice of rotating shaft (10) spacing, and rope (11) is parallel arranges many;
It is upper that rope (11) is rolled onto a rotating shaft (10) by rotating shaft (10), and rope (11) is tightened;
There is the rotating shaft (10) of rope (11) to locate to start to lay the carrier (20) with stiff aphid on rope (11) from volume, place some carriers (20) with regard to rotating shaft (10) mobile vehicle (20), then continue to lay carrier (20) on rope (11), until carrier (20) covers full wafer cigarette seedling (30) top;
Wait for that stiff aphid sprouts wings into that naturally to transfer to cigarette seedling (30) after honeybee upper, then cigarette seedling (30) is taken to field and treat that aphidius gifuensis transfers on the cigarette seedling of field.
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| CN201210391130.3A CN102939942B (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2012-10-16 | Special device and method for transferring aphidius gifuensis |
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| CN201210391130.3A CN102939942B (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2012-10-16 | Special device and method for transferring aphidius gifuensis |
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| CN102939942A CN102939942A (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| CN102939942B true CN102939942B (en) | 2014-08-13 |
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| CN106508818A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-03-22 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | Adult aphidius avenae collecting and managing method |
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