JP2009072016A - Synchronous generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a synchronous generator capable of controlling a power generation voltage while using a permanent magnet for excitation. <P>SOLUTION: The synchronous generator 100 includes: a rotor 4 rotated by an external power source 1; a stator 3 for surrounding the rotor 4 around a rotating shaft; the permanent magnet 6 for excitation provided at one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3; and an armature winding 5 provided at the other. This generator also includes: a voltage detecting means 8 for detecting an output voltage from the armature winding 5; a temperature adjusting means T for adjusting the temperature of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3; and a control means 9 for controlling operation of the temperature adjusting means T based on a detection result of the voltage detecting means 8 so that the output voltage from the armature winding 5 becomes a predetermined voltage. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention includes a rotor that is rotated by an external power source, a stator that surrounds the rotor around a rotation axis, a permanent magnet for excitation provided on one of the rotor and the stator, The present invention relates to a synchronous generator provided with an armature winding provided in the.

A rotor that is rotated by an external power source, a stator that surrounds the rotor around the rotation axis, an excitation permanent magnet that is provided on one of the rotor and the stator, and a rotor that is provided on the other side There are synchronous generators with armature windings. There is also a synchronous generator using an electromagnet instead of a permanent magnet for excitation. When an exciting electromagnet is used, there is an advantage that the magnetic flux from the electromagnet can be controlled by changing the energization current to the winding provided in the electromagnet, that is, the generated voltage of the synchronous generator can be controlled.
However, when an electromagnet is used for excitation, a current is consumed, which becomes a loss. In particular, a smaller synchronous generator has a negative effect on the power generation efficiency. Therefore, a synchronous generator using a permanent magnet for excitation may be desired.

  Patent Document 1 describes adjusting the magnetic permeability of a stator. Specifically, in Patent Document 1, iron particles dispersed in a liquid that can be transported by a pump are injected into a cavity so that the magnetic permeability of the stator changes according to the excitation state required for the apparatus. Means for discharging from the cavity are provided. That is, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, the magnitude of the interlinkage magnetic flux of the armature winding can be adjusted by adjusting the magnetic permeability according to the amount of iron particles as a magnetic material.

Japanese Patent No. 3479534 (Claim 1)

The generated voltage of the synchronous generator is determined by the interlinkage magnetic flux of the armature winding, but the magnetic permeability of the members constituting the stator and rotor through which the magnetic flux (that is, the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet) passes depends on the temperature. There is a problem of changing. In particular, the problem becomes conspicuous because the temperature of the members constituting the stator and the rotor rises due to heat generated by operating the synchronous generator. For this reason, the power generation voltage of the synchronous generator may change unintentionally.
Although the device described in Patent Document 1 describes adjusting the magnetic permeability, it does not describe a solution for unintentionally changing the magnetic permeability depending on the temperature. Therefore, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, a case where the generated voltage cannot be properly controlled occurs.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a synchronous generator capable of controlling a generated voltage while using a permanent magnet for excitation.

In order to achieve the above object, the synchronous generator according to the present invention includes a rotor rotated by an external power source, a stator surrounding the rotor around a rotation axis, the rotor and the fixed A synchronous generator comprising a permanent magnet for excitation provided on any one of the children and an armature winding provided on the other;
Voltage detecting means for detecting an output voltage from the armature winding;
Temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of at least one of the rotor and the stator;
Control means for controlling the operation of the temperature adjusting means based on the detection result of the voltage detecting means so that the output voltage from the armature winding becomes a predetermined voltage.

According to the above characteristic configuration, the temperature adjusting means operates to adjust the temperature of at least one of the rotor and the stator. That is, the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator is adjusted by operating the temperature adjusting means. Accordingly, the magnetic resistance of at least one of the stator and the rotor through which the magnetic flux passes changes, and as a result, the interlinkage magnetic flux of the armature winding is adjusted. Therefore, the control means controls the operation of the temperature adjusting means based on the detection result of the voltage detecting means, so that the output voltage from the armature winding (that is, the generated voltage) can be made a predetermined voltage.
Therefore, it is possible to provide a synchronous generator capable of controlling the generated voltage while using a permanent magnet for excitation.

  Another characteristic configuration of the synchronous generator according to the present invention is that, when the output voltage from the armature winding detected by the voltage detection unit is lower than the predetermined voltage, the control unit controls the temperature by the temperature adjustment unit. The temperature adjusting means is operated so that the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator to be adjusted is increased, and the output voltage from the armature winding detected by the voltage detecting means is the predetermined voltage. When the temperature is higher, the temperature adjusting means is operated so that the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator whose temperature is adjusted by the temperature adjusting means becomes small.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, when the output voltage from the armature winding is lower than the predetermined voltage, the control means increases the permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator whose temperature is adjusted by the temperature adjusting means. When the temperature adjusting means is operated and the output voltage from the armature winding detected by the voltage detecting means is higher than a predetermined voltage, at least one of the rotor and the stator whose temperature is adjusted by the temperature adjusting means is transmitted. The temperature adjusting means is operated so that the magnetic susceptibility becomes small. That is, the control means performs control so that the synchronous generator has a predetermined voltage regardless of whether the generated voltage is higher or lower than the predetermined voltage. As a result, the output voltage of the synchronous generator can be controlled to a desired voltage.

  Another characteristic configuration of the synchronous generator according to the present invention is that the temperature adjusting means is configured by using a blower that sends wind toward at least one of the rotor and the stator.

  According to the said characteristic structure, at least one of a rotor and a stator can be cooled by applying a wind with an air blower. Furthermore, the cooling capacity by the blower can be adjusted by adjusting the air volume applied from the blower to at least one of the rotor and the stator. Therefore, by using the blower device as the temperature adjusting means, the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature of at least one of the rotor and the stator.

  Another characteristic configuration of the synchronous generator according to the present invention is that the rotating shaft of the rotor is the rotating shaft of the blower, the angle of the fan of the blower is variable, and the angle of the fan is controlled by the control means. Is the point that is controlled.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, the air volume sent from the blower is adjusted by the control unit controlling the angle of the fan of the blower. As a result, the cooling capacity of at least one of the rotor and the stator by the blower can be adjusted.

  Another characteristic configuration of the synchronous generator according to the present invention is that the rotating shaft of the rotor is a rotating shaft of the blower, and the fan of the blower is connected to the rotating shaft via a transmission unit. The control means controls the operation of the transmission unit to control the rotational speed of the fan.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, the amount of air sent from the blower is adjusted by the control means adjusting the rotational speed of the fan of the blower. As a result, the cooling capacity of at least one of the rotor and the stator by the blower can be adjusted.

  Another characteristic configuration of the synchronous generator according to the present invention is that the temperature adjusting means is configured using a heat medium circulation device that circulates a heat medium that exchanges heat with at least one of the rotor and the stator. In the point.

  According to the said characteristic structure, at least one of a rotor and a stator can be cooled or heated by distribute | circulating a heat medium with a heat medium distribution apparatus. Furthermore, the cooling capacity or the heating capacity of the heat medium circulating device can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of the heat medium flowing from the heat medium circulating device toward at least one of the rotor and the stator. Therefore, by using the heat medium flow device as the temperature adjusting means, the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature of at least one of the rotor and the stator.

<First Embodiment>
Below, the structure of the synchronous generator 100 of 1st Embodiment is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a synchronous generator 100 according to the first embodiment. The synchronous generator 100 of this embodiment includes a rotor 4 rotated by an external power source 1, a stator 3 surrounding the rotor 4 around a rotation axis, and any of the rotor 4 and the stator 3. An excitation permanent magnet 6 provided on one side and an armature winding 5 provided on the other side are provided. Specifically, the synchronous generator 100 obtains driving force from various power sources 1 that rotate the rotating shaft 2 such as an engine, a windmill, and a water turbine. A rotor 4 is provided on the rotary shaft 2, and a stator 3 is provided around the rotor 4. In the present embodiment, an excitation permanent magnet 6 is provided on the rotor 4, and an armature winding 5 is provided on the stator 3. Therefore, when the rotor 4 rotates, the interlinkage magnetic flux of the armature winding 5 is changed by the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 6 rotating at the same time, and an electromotive force is generated. The electric power induced in the armature winding 5 is output from the output line 7. The rotor 4 may be provided with an armature winding 5, and the stator 3 may be provided with an excitation permanent magnet 6.

The generated voltage of the synchronous generator 100 shown in FIG. 1 varies depending on the magnetic permeability of members constituting the stator 3 and the rotor 4 through which the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 6 passes, and the magnetic permeability varies depending on the temperature. FIG. 2 is a graph schematically illustrating the relationship between the temperature and the magnetic permeability of a certain magnetic member. As shown in the figure, in this magnetic member, the magnetic permeability gradually increases as the temperature rises at a temperature Tp or lower with the temperature Tp as a peak, and gradually decreases as the temperature rises above the temperature Tp. Become.
Therefore, when such a magnetic member is used for the rotor 4 and the stator 3, the rotor 4 and the stator are accompanied by a temperature change due to various factors (for example, heat generated by operating the synchronous generator 100). 3 (that is, the magnetic resistance of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 changes as the temperature changes), and as a result, the flux linkage of the armature winding 5 may change. And if the flux linkage of armature winding 5 changes, the power generation voltage of synchronous generator 100 will change.

  Therefore, the synchronous generator 100 according to the present embodiment includes a voltage detection unit 8 that detects an output voltage from the armature winding 5, the rotor 4, and the stator in order to appropriately control a change in magnetic permeability due to a temperature change. 3 is controlled based on the detection result of the voltage detection means 8 so that the output voltage from the armature winding 5 becomes a predetermined voltage. And a control means 9 for performing.

  The voltage detection means 8 detects the output voltage from the armature winding 5 (the generated voltage of the synchronous generator 100), that is, the voltage of the output line 7. The blower 10 that functions as the temperature adjusting means T in the present invention includes a drive unit 11 formed of a motor and a fan 12 connected to the drive unit 11. And it is the structure which a wind blows with respect to the stator 3, the rotor 4, and those gap parts from the fan 12. The control unit 9 stores a predetermined voltage to be output by the synchronous generator 100 and compares the predetermined voltage with the detection result of the voltage detection unit 8. Further, the control means 9 has a power conversion unit 9 a for converting the electric power drawn from the output line 7 into electric power suitable for the operation of the driving unit 11 of the blower 10 and supplying it.

The control means 9 compares the predetermined voltage to be output from the synchronous generator 100 with the detection result of the voltage detection means 8 (that is, the output voltage of the armature winding 5) at a predetermined timing so that they are the same. The power is supplied from the power converter 9a to control the operation of the blower 10.
Specifically, the control means 9 includes the rotor 4 and the stator 3 whose temperature is adjusted by the blower 10 when the output voltage from the armature winding 5 detected by the voltage detection means 8 is lower than a predetermined voltage. When the blower 10 is operated so that the magnetic permeability of at least one of these is increased and the output voltage from the armature winding 5 detected by the voltage detection means 8 is higher than a predetermined voltage, the temperature is adjusted by the blower 10. The air blower 10 is operated so that the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 is reduced.
For example, when the temperature of the rotor 3 and the stator 3 is in a temperature range equal to or lower than the temperature Tp shown in FIG. 2, when the control unit 9 controls the blower 10 so that the amount of blown air is reduced, As the temperature of at least one of the rotor 3 and the stator 3 increases, the magnetic permeability thereof increases and the magnetic resistance decreases. Then, the flux linkage of the armature winding 5 increases, and the output voltage from the armature winding 5 increases. Moreover, if the control means 9 controls the air blower 10 so that air flow volume increases, the magnetic permeability therewith will become small and the magnetic resistance will become large as the temperature of at least one of the rotor 3 and the stator 3 decreases. Become. Then, the flux linkage of the armature winding 5 becomes small, and the output voltage from the armature winding 5 becomes low.

  In the present embodiment, the control means 9 stores the relationship between temperature and magnetic permeability as shown in FIG. Therefore, the control means 9 changes the magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 in order to make the output voltage from the armature winding 5 the same as the predetermined voltage that the synchronous generator 100 should output. It is possible to estimate how much temperature change should be given to at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 as magnetic members. Therefore, the control means 9 can appropriately control the output of the blower 10.

  As described above, the control means 9 controls the operation of the temperature adjustment means T based on the detection result of the voltage detection means 8 so that the output voltage (that is, the generated voltage) from the armature winding 5 is a desired value. Can be controlled to voltage. Here, the reactive voltage is controlled when the output line 7 is connected to the commercial power system, and the effective voltage is controlled when the output line 7 is connected to the power load.

Second Embodiment
The synchronous generator of the second embodiment is different from the synchronous generator of the first embodiment in the configuration of the blower and the control means. Although the structure of the synchronous generator 200 of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated below, description is abbreviate | omitted about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator 200 of the second embodiment. In the present embodiment, the rotating shaft 2 of the rotor 4 is the rotating shaft of the blower 20. The blower 20 is provided with a fan 22 with respect to the rotating shaft 2 via a transmission 21. The transmission unit 21 can be realized by a general transmission mechanism configured by combining a plurality of gears.

  In this embodiment, the control means 9 compares the predetermined voltage to be output from the synchronous generator 200 with the detection result of the voltage detection means 8 (that is, the output voltage of the armature winding 5) at a predetermined timing, Are controlled so as to control the operation of the transmission 21 of the blower 20. Specifically, the control means 9 can reduce the temperature of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 by controlling the transmission 21 so that the fan 22 of the blower 20 rotates at a higher rotation. . Moreover, the control means 9 can raise the temperature of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3, if the transmission part 21 is controlled so that the fan 22 of the air blower 20 may rotate at lower rotation.

  As described above, also in the present embodiment, the control unit 9 controls the operation of the blower 20 as the temperature adjusting unit T based on the detection result of the voltage detection unit 8, so that the armature winding 5 The output voltage (that is, the generated voltage) can be a predetermined voltage.

<Third Embodiment>
The synchronous generator of the third embodiment is different from the synchronous generator of the second embodiment in the configuration of the blower. Although the structure of the synchronous generator 300 of 3rd Embodiment is demonstrated below, description is abbreviate | omitted about the structure similar to the said embodiment.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator 300 of the third embodiment. In the present embodiment, the rotating shaft 2 of the rotor 4 is the rotating shaft of the blower 30. The air blower 30 is provided with the fan 32 so that the angle of the fan 32 is variable with respect to the rotary shaft 2 via the fan angle adjusting unit 31. The fan angle adjustment unit 31 has a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the fan 32 with respect to the rotation shaft 2.

  In the present embodiment, the control means 9 compares the predetermined voltage to be output by the synchronous generator 300 with the detection result of the voltage detection means 8 (that is, the output voltage of the armature winding 5) at a predetermined timing, Are controlled so as to control the operation of the fan angle adjuster 31 of the blower 30. Specifically, the control means 9 makes the fan 32 of the air blower 30 more horizontal to the rotation shaft 2 (that is, the angle of the fan 32 has a larger angle with respect to the rotation surface). When the fan angle adjusting unit 31 is controlled, the amount of air blown from the fan 32 to the rotor 4, the stator 3, and the gap between them increases, and the temperature of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 is lowered. Can do. In addition, the control unit 9 controls the fan angle adjusting unit 31 so that the fan 32 of the blower 30 is more perpendicular to the axis (that is, the angle of the fan 32 is smaller than the rotation surface). As a result, the amount of air blown from the fan 32 to the rotor 4, the stator 3, and the gap between them is reduced, and the temperature of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 can be raised.

  As described above, also in the present embodiment, the control unit 9 controls the operation of the blower 30 as the temperature adjustment unit T based on the detection result of the voltage detection unit 8, so that the armature winding 5 The output voltage (that is, the generated voltage) can be a predetermined voltage.

<Fourth embodiment>
The synchronous generator of the fourth embodiment is different from the above embodiment in the configuration of the temperature adjusting means. Although the structure of the synchronous generator 400 of 4th Embodiment is demonstrated below, description is abbreviate | omitted about the structure similar to the said embodiment.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator 400 of the fourth embodiment. In the synchronous generator 400 of this embodiment, the permanent magnet 6 for excitation is provided in the stator 3, and the armature winding 5 is provided in the rotor 4. The rotating shaft 2 of the rotor 4 is provided with a fan 13 that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 2, and wind is applied to the stator 3, the rotor 4, and their gap portions as the rotating shaft 2 rotates. It becomes the composition to spray.

  In the present embodiment, the temperature adjusting means T that adjusts the temperature of at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3 is a heat medium that circulates a heat medium that exchanges heat with at least one of the rotor 4 and the stator 3. The distribution device 40 is used. Specifically, the heat medium circulation device 40 of the present embodiment is provided such that a pipe 41 through which cooling water as a heat medium flows passes through the inside of the stator 3. And the control means 9 controls the opening degree of the flow control valve 42 for adjusting the flow volume of the cooling water which flows through the piping 41. FIG. In addition, you may make it perform heat exchange with the stator 3 and cooling water by attaching the piping 41 to the surface of the stator 3. FIG.

  That is, in this embodiment, the control means 9 compares the predetermined voltage to be output from the synchronous generator 400 with the detection result of the voltage detection means 8 (that is, the output voltage of the armature winding 5) at a predetermined timing. The flow rate of the cooling water is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 42 to flow through the pipe 41 so that they are the same. Specifically, the control means 9 can lower the temperature of the stator 3 by controlling the flow rate control valve 42 so that the flow rate of the cooling water is increased. Moreover, the control means 9 can raise the temperature of the stator 3 by controlling the flow rate control valve 42 so that the flow rate of the cooling water is reduced.

  As described above, also in the present embodiment, the control unit 9 controls the operation of the heat medium circulation device 40 as the temperature adjusting unit T based on the detection result of the voltage detection unit 8, so that the armature winding 5 The output voltage from (i.e., the generated voltage) can be a predetermined voltage.

<Fifth Embodiment>
The synchronous generator of the fifth embodiment is different from the fourth embodiment in the configuration of the heat medium circulating device as the temperature adjusting means. Although the structure of the synchronous generator 500 of 5th Embodiment is demonstrated below, description is abbreviate | omitted about the structure similar to 4th Embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a synchronous generator 500 according to the fifth embodiment. In the heat medium circulating device 50 as the temperature adjusting means T of the present embodiment, a heat conductor 53 with good heat conduction is embedded as a part of the stator 3. The external shape of the heat conductor 53 is a shape like a heat radiating fin having a large surface area. And the heat conductor 53 which forms a part of stator 3 is comprised so that heat exchange with the cooling water which flows through the piping 51 may be performed. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, a part of the heat conductor 53 is inserted into the pipe 51 and is in direct contact with the cooling water flowing through the pipe 51. Note that the heat conductor 53 may not be embedded in the stator 3 but the heat conductor 53 may be mounted on the surface of the stator 3. In addition, a part of the heat conductor 53 is not inserted into the pipe 51, but the heat conductor 53 may only be attached to the outside of the pipe 51. In any case, it is sufficient that the heat exchange between the heat conductor 53 and the cooling water flowing through the pipe 51 is performed.
And the control means 9 controls the opening degree of the flow control valve 52 for adjusting the flow volume of the cooling water which flows through the piping 51. FIG.

  That is, in the present embodiment, the control unit 9 compares the predetermined voltage to be output from the synchronous generator 500 with the detection result of the voltage detection unit 8 (that is, the output voltage of the armature winding 5) at a predetermined timing. The flow rate of the cooling water is adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 52 to flow through the pipe 51 so that they are the same. Specifically, the control means 9 can further reduce the temperature of the stator 3 by controlling the flow rate control valve 52 so that the flow rate of the cooling water is increased. Moreover, the control means 9 can raise the temperature of the stator 3 more by controlling the flow control valve 52 so that the flow rate of the cooling water is reduced.

  As described above, also in the present embodiment, the control unit 9 controls the operation of the heat medium circulation device 50 as the temperature adjusting unit T based on the detection result of the voltage detection unit 8, so that the armature winding 5 The output voltage from (i.e., the generated voltage) can be a predetermined voltage.

<Another embodiment>
In the said embodiment, although the air blower as the temperature control means T and any one of the heat-medium distribution apparatus were demonstrated in the synchronous generator, the said air blower and the said heat-medium distribution apparatus were provided in one synchronous generator. Both may be provided.

  The synchronous generator of the present invention is useful when it is necessary to reduce the size of the apparatus using a permanent magnet for excitation and to control the generated voltage to a desired voltage.

Schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator of the first embodiment A graph that schematically depicts the relationship between temperature and magnetic permeability of magnetic members Schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator of the second embodiment Schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator of the third embodiment Schematic configuration diagram of the synchronous generator of the fourth embodiment Schematic configuration diagram of a synchronous generator of a fifth embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power source 2 Rotating shaft 3 Stator 4 Rotor 5 Armature winding 6 Permanent magnet 7 Output line 8 Voltage detection means 9 Control means 10, 20, 30 Air blower 12, 22, 32 Fan 21 Speed change part 40, 50 Heat Medium distribution device 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 Synchronous generator T Temperature control means

Claims (6)

A rotor that is rotated by an external power source, a stator that surrounds the rotor around the rotation axis, a permanent magnet for excitation that is provided on one of the rotor and the stator, and a rotor that is provided on the other side A synchronous generator comprising an armature winding,
Voltage detecting means for detecting an output voltage from the armature winding;
Temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature of at least one of the rotor and the stator;
A synchronous generator comprising control means for controlling the operation of the temperature adjusting means based on the detection result of the voltage detecting means so that the output voltage from the armature winding becomes a predetermined voltage.   When the output voltage from the armature winding detected by the voltage detection means is lower than the predetermined voltage, the control means is at least one of the rotor and the stator whose temperature is adjusted by the temperature adjustment means When the temperature adjusting means is operated so that the magnetic permeability of the armature winding is increased and the output voltage from the armature winding detected by the voltage detecting means is higher than the predetermined voltage, the temperature is adjusted by the temperature adjusting means. 2. The synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjusting means is operated so that a magnetic permeability of at least one of the rotor and the stator becomes small.   The synchronous generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature adjusting means is configured by using a blower that sends air toward at least one of the rotor and the stator.   4. The synchronous generator according to claim 3, wherein a rotation axis of the rotor is a rotation axis of the blower, a fan angle of the blower is variable, and an angle of the fan is controlled by the control means.   The rotating shaft of the rotor is the rotating shaft of the blower, the fan of the blower is connected to the rotating shaft via a speed changer, and the control means controls the operation of the speed changer to The synchronous generator according to claim 3, wherein the rotational speed of the fan is controlled.   The synchronization according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the temperature adjusting means is configured using a heat medium circulation device that circulates a heat medium that exchanges heat with at least one of the rotor and the stator. Generator.

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