JP2004364357A - Pump inverted water wheel type power generation facility - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve water power generation of high efficiency in a wide flow-rate range and effective drop range, with simple and low-cost configuration. <P>SOLUTION: The pump inverted water wheel type power generation facility comprises a pump inverted water wheel 60, a generator 70 whose rotating shaft 71 is connected to a main shaft 66 of the pump inverted water wheel 60, a frequency detector 12 for detecting rotational number of the rotating shaft 71 of the generator 70, and an operation control part 15 which controls the power outputted from the generator 70 so as to satisfy the relationship between the amount of power generated by the generator 70 which is stored in a storage part 16 and the rotational number of the rotating shaft 71. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a pump reverse turbine type power generation facility suitable for small-scale hydropower generation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, there is known a power generation facility that uses a general-purpose pump as a pump reversing water turbine to drive a generator (for example, see Patent Document 1). Further, in Patent Document 2, a pump reversing turbine for power generation is provided in a water supply pipe of a water supply, and the rotation of the pump reversing turbine is controlled so that the pressure on the discharge side (secondary side) of the pump reversing turbine becomes constant. A power plant for controlling the number is described.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Registered Utility Model No. 2517878 (Fig. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-257026 (FIG. 3)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, it is difficult to perform high-efficiency power generation in a wide flow rate range and an effective head range by controlling the secondary pressure to be constant, as described in Patent Document 2. In particular, when the flow rate is low or the head is low, the power generation efficiency is significantly reduced, or power generation becomes impossible. On the other hand, it is not realistic in terms of cost to newly design and manufacture a water turbine for a small-scale power generation facility provided in, for example, an agricultural waterway.
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to realize high-efficiency hydroelectric power generation in a wide flow rate range and an effective head range with a simple and low-cost configuration.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a pump reversing turbine, a generator having a rotating shaft connected to a main shaft of the pump reversing turbine, and rotational speed detecting means for detecting the rotational speed of the rotating shaft of the generator. Storage means for storing a relationship between the amount of electric power generated by the generator and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the generator; and a storage means for storing the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed detection means in the storage means. And a control means for controlling the power output by the generator so as to satisfy the relationship between the power amount and the rotation speed.
[0007]
In the pump reversing turbine type power generation equipment of the present invention, the control unit controls the number of revolutions of the pump reversing turbine so that the amount of power and the number of revolutions have a preset relationship. It is possible. In particular, when using a pump reversing turbine with a constant rotation speed, if the flow rate or the head is low, the power generation efficiency is significantly reduced or power generation is impossible. Since the output power of the generator is adjusted with respect to the rotation speed of the reversing turbine, power can be generated even at a low flow rate or a low head. In addition, since a general-purpose pump is used as a turbine for driving the generator and there is no need to provide external devices such as a flow control valve and a governor on the upstream side of the pump reversing turbine, the configuration of the power generation equipment is simple and cost-effective. Can also be reduced.
[0008]
Specifically, the relationship between the amount of power and the number of revolutions stored in the storage means is set such that the pump reversing turbine is in an operating state with the highest efficiency with respect to the number of revolutions.
[0009]
The pump reversing water wheel is provided, for example, in a pipeline connecting a water storage part that is open to the atmosphere and a drainage part that is lower than the water storage part and that is open to the atmosphere.
[0010]
Alternatively, the pump reversing water turbine may be provided in a water supply pipe connecting the water supply unit and the water supply unit.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows a pump reversing water turbine type power generation equipment according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This pump-reversed water turbine type power generation facility has a pipe connecting a water storage tank (water storage section) 1 open to the atmosphere and a drain tank (drainage section) 2 at a lower position than the water storage tank 1 and open to the atmosphere. It is provided on the road 3. The pipe 3 includes a horizontal pipe 3A extending from the water storage tank 1, a vent pipe 3B connected to the horizontal pipe 3A, and a bell-shaped drain pipe 3C extending from the lower end of the vent pipe 3B toward the drain tank 2.
[0013]
The pipe 3 is provided with a pump reverse water turbine 60. In this embodiment, a general-purpose horizontal axis axial flow pump is used as the pump reversing water turbine 60. An outer casing 61 of the pump reverse rotation turbine 60 is interposed between the horizontal pipe 3A and the vent pipe 3B. An inner casing 62 is disposed inside the outer casing 61. A propeller shaft 64 having a propeller 63 at the tip is supported by the inner casing 62. The propeller shaft 64 is connected to a main shaft 66 extending in the vertical direction via a bevel gear mechanism 65. A generator 70 is arranged above the outer casing 61.
[0014]
A rotating shaft 71 of the generator 70 extends in the vertical direction, and a lower end thereof is connected to a main shaft 66 of the pump reverse rotation turbine 60 via a coupling 72. The generator 70 includes a rotor 73 fixed to the rotating shaft 71 and a stator 75 fixed to the casing 74. A permanent magnet (not shown) for generating a magnetic field is attached to the rotor 73. On the other hand, a winding (not shown) for generating an output electrically connected to the power output line 80 is wound around the stator 75.
[0015]
The control panel 10 includes a power circuit 11 for adjusting the frequency of power supplied from the power output line 80 to a load (not shown).
[0016]
Further, the control panel 10 includes a frequency detector (rotation speed detecting means) 12 for detecting a frequency of a current flowing from the generator 70 to the power circuit 11. The frequency detector 12 may detect the frequency of the voltage. The frequency detected by the frequency detector 12 has a correlation with the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 71 of the generator 70 and the rotation speeds of the main shaft 66 and the propeller shaft 64 of the pump reverse water turbine 60. Therefore, the frequency detector 12 indirectly detects the rotational speeds of the rotating shaft 71, the main shaft 66, and the propeller shaft 64. Instead of the frequency detector 12, a detector that directly detects any one of the rotation shaft 71, the main shaft 66, and the propeller shaft 64 may be provided.
[0017]
The control panel 10 further includes an operation control unit (control unit) that controls the power (torque) output from the generator 70 based on the frequency (rotation speed) detected by the frequency detector 12 as described in detail below. ) 15. There are various modes in which the operation control unit 15 controls the output power of the generator 70 depending on the type of the generator 70 and the like. In the present embodiment, the output is supplied to the output generating winding provided in the stator 75. The output power is controlled by adjusting the current amount A. When a winding for generating a magnetic field is provided in the rotor 73 instead of the permanent magnet, the output power can be controlled by adjusting the amount of current supplied to the winding.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the control panel 10 has a storage unit (storage means) 16 storing a relationship between a preset rotation speed R of the rotating shaft 71 of the generator 70 and an output power W of the generator 70. It has. Referring to FIG. 3, the solid line indicates the relationship between the flow rate and the effective head for three types of rotation speeds R1, R2, and R3 (R1 <R2 <R3), and the dashed line indicates the relationship between these three types of rotation speeds R1, R2, and R3. Shows efficiency. There is a maximum efficiency P1, P2, P3 for each of the rotational speeds R1, R2, R3, and corresponding operating states P1 ', P2', P3 '. FIG. 3 shows only three types of rotation speeds. However, if the rotation speeds are determined, the maximum efficiency and the corresponding operating state are uniquely determined. The relationship between the rotation speed and the output power in FIG. 2 determines the output power so that the operation state is at the highest efficiency at each rotation speed.
[0019]
As described above, a general-purpose horizontal axis axial flow pump is used as the pump reversing water turbine 60 for driving the generator. In addition, no flow control valve is provided on the upstream side of the pump reversing turbine 60, and no external device such as a governor is provided. In these respects, the pump reversing turbine type power generation equipment of this embodiment has a simple configuration and can be manufactured at low cost.
[0020]
Next, the operation of this pump reverse water turbine type power generation facility will be described. First, the frequency detected by the frequency detector 12 is input to the operation control unit 15. The operation control unit 15 refers to the relationship between the rotation speed R and the output power W stored in the storage unit 16 (FIG. 2), and adjusts the amount of current A supplied to the generator 70 so as to satisfy this relationship. For example, when the frequency detected by the frequency detector 12 is R ′ in FIG. 2, the operation control unit 15 sends a current command (current amount A) to the generator 70 so that the output power becomes W ′. Output. With this control, the generator 70 performs power generation while the pump reversing turbine 60 is always operating at the highest efficiency, and high power generation efficiency can be obtained in a wide flow rate range and an effective head range. In particular, power generation is possible even at a low flow rate or a low head.
[0021]
The second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is an example in which the present invention is applied to a water supply facility. The pump reversing water wheel 60 is interposed in the water supply pipe 25 that connects the water distribution tank (water supply unit) 20 and the water supply unit 21 that is, for example, a tap. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 23 denotes a bypass flow path, 24 A and 24 B denote normally open gate valves provided in the water supply pipe 25, and 24 C denotes a normally closed gate valve provided in the bypass flow path 23. Other configurations and operations of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
[0022]
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, the pump reversing turbine may be another type of pump, such as a mixed flow pump.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, in the pump reverse turbine type power generation equipment of the present invention, the control unit controls the rotational speed of the pump reverse turbine so that the electric energy and the rotational speed have a preset relationship. With a simple and low-cost configuration, high-efficiency power generation in a wide flow rate range is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a power generation facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of revolutions of the generator and the output power of the generator.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a flow rate and an effective head of a pump reversing turbine at various rotation speeds, and a relationship between a flow rate and an efficiency.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a power generation facility according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water storage tank 2 Drain tank 3 Pipe 3A Horizontal pipe 3B Vent pipe 3C Drain pipe 10 Control panel 11 Power circuit 12 Frequency detector 15 Operation control unit 16 Storage unit 20 Water distribution tank 21 Water supply unit 23 Bypass flow paths 24A, 24B, 24C Gate valve 25 Water pipe 60 Pump reverse water wheel 61 Outer casing 62 Inner casing 63 Propeller 64 Propeller shaft 65 Bevel gear mechanism 66 Main shaft 70 Generator 71 Rotary shaft 72 Coupling 73 Rotor 74 Casing 75 Stator 80 Power output line

Claims (4)

With a pump reversing water wheel,
A generator whose rotary shaft is connected to the main shaft of the pump reversing turbine,
Rotation speed detection means for detecting the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the generator,
Storage means for storing a relationship between a predetermined amount of power generated by the generator and the number of rotations of the rotating shaft of the generator,
A control unit that controls power output by the generator so as to satisfy a relationship between the power amount and the rotation speed stored in the storage unit based on the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed detection unit. Comprising,
Pump reverse water turbine type power generation equipment. 2. The pump reverse rotation according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the electric power amount and the rotation speed stored in the storage unit is set such that the pump reverse rotation turbine is in an operation state with the highest efficiency with respect to the rotation speed. 3. Water turbine type power generation equipment. The said pump reversing water wheel is interposed in the piping which connects the water storage part opened to the atmosphere, and the drainage part located at a lower position than this water storage part and opened to the atmosphere. 3. The reverse pump water turbine type power plant according to 2. 3. The pump reverse water turbine type power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein the pump reverse water turbine is provided in a water supply pipe connecting the water supply unit and the water supply unit. 4.

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