JP2008118744A - Wind turbine generator equipped with winding switching mechanism and magnetic flux control mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wind turbine generator which can generate power over a wide range of a rotational speed of a wind turbine by switch-controlling a winding, and can generates a prescribed constant voltage by controlling magnetic flux. <P>SOLUTION: In the winding 14 of a stator 4 constituted of a first winding 38 and a second winding 39 which are connected in series, a line 77 is connected to an output terminal 81 of the first winding 38 via a switch 76, and a line 78 is connected to an output terminal 79 of a second winding 39 via a switch 75. A controller 69 stores an output value which corresponds to the rotational speed of the wind turbine 52 in advance, and generates the constant voltage from a generated output by on/off-controlling the switches 75, 76 and controlling a magnetic path air gap caused by a magnetic flux control cage 7 in response to the rotational speed of the wind turbine 52 and a load. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention includes a stator having a plurality of windings wound thereon, a rotor that is rotationally driven by wind power with respect to the stator, and a magnetic flux control rod that is disposed between the stator and the rotor and rotates and swings relative to the stator. The present invention relates to a wind power generator / motor equipped with a magnetic flux control mechanism including a coil switching mechanism and a magnetic flux control rod.

  In recent years, the popularization of wind power generators has been screamed in order to save energy and prevent environmental pollution. In the social situation where the energy crisis is called out, there is nothing in Japan as rich as wind power, and it is an energy source with less environmental pollution than wind power. Therefore, in Japan, in order to convert wind energy into electric power and promote its use, the wind power generator should be sized so that it can be installed for general households, and a generator with less capital investment for the wind power generator should be developed. Is required.

  Conventionally, as a wind power generator, a propeller type has been widely used, and one using a permanent magnet type AC generator capable of generating a constant power regardless of fluctuations in wind power is known. In the wind power generator, the permanent magnet type AC generator is rotationally driven by a propeller. The electric power generated by the generator is supplied to the inverter. Since the inverter is controlled by a signal having a predetermined phase difference with respect to a signal having a frequency proportional to the number of revolutions of the propeller, the inverter can output a constant power regardless of wind force fluctuation (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).

  In addition, the present inventor eliminates the need for a switching regulator, directly provides a wind turbine turbine mounting portion on the rotor, can generate a predetermined constant voltage even when the wind force is extremely low, and is small, highly efficient, and can reduce manufacturing costs. Type wind power generator was developed. The magnetic flux control type wind power generator includes a shaft having a mounting portion, a stator mounted on the shaft, a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnet pieces rotatably supported on the outer periphery of the stator, and swinging on the shaft. A magnetic flux control rod that controls the magnetic flux that passes through the magnetic path that can be attached according to the amount of oscillation, an actuator that causes the magnetic flux control rod to oscillate with respect to the stator, and a windmill for mounting a windmill turbine provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor It is comprised from the turbine attaching part (for example, refer patent document 2).

As a method for controlling a wind turbine generator, there is known a method that can reduce facilities such as a charging device and a discharge device, eliminate charge / discharge loss, and increase the energy efficiency of the wind turbine generator. The wind turbine generator is controlled by converting wind turbine generated power from a generator connected to a wind turbine blade via a drive shaft into DC power using an AC / DC converter, and then converting it into DC power using a DC / AC converter. The storage battery is connected directly to the DC line between the AC / DC converter and the DC / AC converter, and the detection signals from the two converters, the DC line, and the storage battery are appropriately transmitted. An arithmetic unit that selectively captures and performs a predetermined calculation and generates an output command signal in each converter is provided. Based on the output command signal, a voltage supplied from the AC / DC converter to the DC line or DC / DC The charge / discharge state of the storage battery is controlled while controlling the output ionization by the AC converter (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
JP 2001-190096 A JP 2005-33852 A JP 11-299295 A

  However, since the wind turbine generator described above is a propeller type, it is necessary to configure the propeller so that it always faces the front of the wind. In many practical examples, an anemometer is attached and the wind direction is There is a problem that the structure becomes complicated by that amount.

  By the way, a vertical airfoil wind turbine provided in a wind power generator has a structure in which a plurality of streamlined vertical blades are attached to the tip of a radial support on a vertically standing shaft. The radial vertical blades in a wind power generator rotate when the driving force acts when the angle of attack is slightly outward. The radial vertical wing has a larger rotational driving force as the angle of attack is larger, but the power generation efficiency becomes worse when the rotation is large. However, a wind turbine generator of the above type can be said to be an optimum windmill in a climate where the wind direction changes because the radial vertical blades rotate regardless of the direction of the wind.

For wind power generators, when the wind speed is low, the wind energy is not large, so the turning radius of the windmill must be increased.
The output characteristics of a wind power generator are expressed by the following equation.
W = (1/2) · ρ · Cp · A · V ³
However, W: Output, ρ: Air density, Cp: Windmill efficiency coefficient, A: Windmill rotation area, V: Wind speed In wind power generators, the wind speed is the third power, which affects the output. Output is obtained, and almost no output is obtained when the wind speed is low.
Further, the output P of the generator is expressed by the following equation.
P = E · I = (4.44 · Φ · f · Ws) ² / [R ² + (2πfL) ² ] ^1/2
However, Ws: Number of windings, Φ: Magnetic force, f: Frequency, R: Winding resistance, L: Winding reactance In order to obtain large power, a wind power generator increases the number of windings and magnetic force, Moreover, it is necessary to reduce winding resistance and winding reactance.
In the generator, the output is not output when the rotational speed is small, the optimum predetermined rotational speed is good, and the output decreases when the rotational speed becomes larger than the predetermined rotational speed.
Therefore, it is considered that appropriate output characteristics can be obtained in a wide rotation range of the rotation speed by increasing the number of windings at a low speed and decreasing at a high speed.

  In order to solve the above problems, the object of the present invention is to wind up a plurality of windings with different numbers of windings on the stator, switch the windings to multiple windings at low speeds and switch to small windings at high speeds according to the rotational speed of the rotor. In order to control the switching of the windings as well as to further control the magnetic flux in the selected predetermined winding, the rotation of the rotor is controlled by a magnetic flux control mechanism comprising a magnetic flux control rod disposed between the stator and the rotor. Provided is a wind power generator / motor in which a magnetic flux control rod is rotated or swung according to speed to control a magnetic flux flowing in a stator, thereby generating a predetermined constant voltage. It is.

The present invention provides a rotor provided with a permanent magnet piece provided on a rotating shaft to which the rotation of a wind turbine is transmitted and spaced in the circumferential direction, a housing fixed to a housing that rotatably supports the rotor, and A stator having windings wound between comb portions that are vertically spaced apart from each other, and a magnetic flux that is provided between the stator and the rotor so as to be rotatable with respect to the stator and passes through the stator. In wind power generators and motors consisting of a magnetic flux control mechanism with a magnetic flux control rod that controls the voltage by increasing or decreasing the magnetic path gap,
The winding wound around the stator is composed of a multi-winding winding and a small winding, and a first output line is connected to the multi-winding winding via a first switch. A second output line is connected to the line via a second switch, and the controller stores in advance the output value corresponding to the wind speed or the rotational speed of the windmill as a map, and responds to the rotational speed and load of the rotor. And controlling the ON / OFF control of the first and second switches and the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod to generate power according to a predetermined constant voltage and wind speed. Related to wind power generators and motors.

  Further, this wind power generator / motor is operated as a DC motor by sending electric power to the multi-winding winding in order to initially drive the windmill.

  In addition, in response to the low-speed rotation of the windmill, the controller performs control to connect to the multi-turn winding and output from the first output line, and control of the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod. Electric power is generated according to the wind speed at the predetermined constant voltage.

  In addition, the controller performs control to connect to the small winding and output from the second output line in response to high-speed rotation of the windmill, and control of the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod. Electric power is generated according to the wind speed at the predetermined constant voltage.

  Since this wind power generator / motor is configured as described above, the winding is switched to multiple windings at low speeds and the windings are switched to small windings at high speeds according to the rotational speed of the rotor. The magnetic path between the stator and the magnetic flux control rod is controlled by swinging and moving the cylindrical magnetic flux control rod with respect to the stator in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotor. By changing the air gap and controlling the magnetic flux flowing from the permanent magnet member to the stator, a predetermined constant voltage can be generated.

  Embodiments of a wind power generator / motor according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. This wind power generator / motor obtains a drive source for rotating the rotor 3 by wind power, and controls the electric power generated by the wind power to a predetermined voltage and uses the electric power to produce a motor, a refrigerator The present invention is applied to drive loads of various electric devices such as the above. In this wind power generator / motor, in particular, the winding 14 wound around the stator 4 is composed of a multi-winding winding 38 and a small winding 39, and a voltage is generated by increasing or decreasing the magnetic path gap between the stator 4 and the rotor 3. A magnetic flux control mechanism comprising a magnetic flux control rod 7 to be controlled is provided to control the switching between the multi-winding winding 38 and the small winding winding 39 in response to the rotational speed of the windmill 60, and the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod 7 is reduced. The controller 69 is characterized in that the magnetic flux is controlled by changing the power and the power is generated according to the wind speed at a predetermined constant voltage.

  First, the wind power generator / motor system will be described with reference to FIGS. In this system, an input gear 47 is provided on the rotary shaft 2 provided with the rotor 3 in the wind power generator / motor 60, and the input gear 47 is a rotating shaft 56 provided on an impeller rotated by wind power, that is, a windmill 52. Is meshed with an output gear 58 attached to the. Therefore, the rotation of the windmill 52 is transmitted to the input gear 47 via the rotation shaft 56 and the output gear 58, and the rotation of the input gear 47 rotates the rotor 3 of the wind power generator / motor 60 via the rotation shaft 2. In the machine room 55, a wind turbine generator / motor 60, a transmission device for transmitting the rotation of the wind turbine 52 to the wind turbine generator / motor 60, a coil switching relay, a relay panel 59 for a rectifier, various sensors 61, 64, Equipment etc. are accommodated. The relay panel 59 is actuated by a command from the controller 69. The information on the wind speed detected by the anemometer 82 is input to the relay panel 59 and the controller 69. A brake disk 57 and a rotation sensor 61 are provided on the rotation shaft 56. The brake disc 57 is provided with an air brake 54, and the rotation speed of the rotary shaft 56 is adjusted by the air brake 54 while the rotation speed is detected by the rotation sensor 61. The air brake 54 is controlled by the operation of a solenoid valve 62 for ON / OFF control of the air brake 54, and the solenoid valve 62 is controlled by a pressure switch 67 that operates according to a command from a controller, that is, a control panel 69. Further, the pressure switch 67 is configured so that air from the air compressor 68 is supplied through a solenoid 62S for air pressure release according to a command from the controller 69. The wind power generator / motor 60 includes at least a commutator 63, a temperature sensor 64 for measuring the temperature of the wind power generator / motor 60, a magnetic flux control motor 65 for moving the magnetic flux control rod 7 relative to the stator 4, and A position sensor 66 for detecting the position of the tooth portion 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 with respect to the comb portion 10 of the stator 4 is provided. The electric power generated by the wind power generator / motor 60 is stored in the battery 71 through the power supply control panel 70 or supplied to the load 73 through the inverter 72, the rectifier 74, and the like. Further, as shown in the figure, for example, a wind turbine having a straight blade vertical structure can be used as the wind turbine 52. The wind turbine 52 of this type can catch the wind force from any direction, and the direction of the wind changes. It is effective in small areas, cities, mountains, etc., and is suitable for small wind power generators / motors. Further, the wind power generator / motor 60 can configure the wind turbine 52 in a multistage manner according to the electric power to be secured.

  Next, a specific example of the wind power generator / motor 60 will be described with reference to FIGS. The wind power generator / motor 60 includes a housing 1 to which a stator 4 is attached, a rotating shaft 2 rotatably supported on the housing 1 via a pair of bearings 13, and a permanent magnet member 5 fixed to the rotating shaft 2. A ring-shaped magnetic flux disposed between the rotor 4 and the stator 4 disposed on the outer peripheral side of the rotor 3 and the rotor 3 and fixed to the housing 1, and attached to the stator 4 so as to be relatively movable. The control rod 7 and the magnetic flux control rod 7 are configured by an actuator 25 that moves relative to the stator 4 in accordance with the rotational speed of the rotor 3. In FIG. 1, an outer stator core of the stator core 15, that is, a ring-shaped yoke member 17 that is a cylindrical member constitutes a part of the housing 1 and constitutes a yoke. An input gear 47 to which a driving force from a driving source such as a windmill is input is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 2. In the wind power generator / motor 60, both ends of the rotary shaft 2 constituting the rotor 3 are rotatably supported by the housing 1 with bearings 13. The rotor 3 includes a permanent magnet member 5 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetically permeable member 6 and the permeable member 6 provided with cooling ventilation holes 28 attached to the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 2, and the outer periphery of the permanent magnet member 5. A cylindrical sleeve 16 fixed to hold the permanent magnet member 5 on the surface 27 is provided. In the rotor 3, a fixing nut 42 is screwed into a screw 40 formed at one end of the rotating shaft 2 via a pressing plate 41 to fix one end, and the other end of the rotating shaft 2 is fixed via a spacer 46 and a pressing plate 45. The bearing 13 is fixed. At one end of the rotating shaft 2, the bearing 13 is fixed by screwing a nut 44 into a screw 49 formed at one end via a spacer 43. An input gear 47 that rotationally drives the rotor 3 is disposed at the other end of the rotating shaft 2, and the input gear 47 is fixed by screwing a nut 48 into a screw 49 formed at the other end of the rotating shaft 2. . Further, a gap 22 as small as possible is formed between the magnetic flux control rod 7 and the rotor 3 so as to enable relative rotation. In the wind power generator / motor 60, ventilation holes 28 and 37 through which cooling air flows are formed in the magnetically permeable member 6 of the rotor 3 and the housing 1. The permanent magnet piece 19 has a plurality of outer peripheral surfaces 27 formed in a circular arc surface and a nonmagnetic material 35 interposed in the circumferential direction. For example, the magnetically permeable member 6 is formed in a cylindrical shape by alternately arranging a magnetically permeable material and a nonmagnetic material in the circumferential direction and extending in the axial direction.

  The stator 4 is, for example, a thin plate laminated type formed of a comb-shaped cylindrical member 30 that is an inner stator core and a ring-shaped yoke portion 17 that is an outer stator core that are spaced apart so as to form slot portions 11 having a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. The stator core 15 and the winding 14 wound around the stator core 15 are configured. The comb-shaped cylindrical member 30 includes, for example, a comb portion 10 including an inner comb portion 32 and an outer comb portion 33, and a bridge portion 31 that is connected between the inner comb portion 32 and the outer comb portion 33 and connects the comb portions 10. In the embodiment, the inner comb portion 32 is formed in a state corresponding to the outer comb portion 33. However, the inner comb portion 32 is not limited to this, and for example, although not shown, it straddles two adjacent outer comb portions 33. It can be configured to be formed in a state in which one is assembled, in other words, formed at a position corresponding to the slot portion 11 and connected by the bridge portion 31. The winding 14 is positioned in the slot portion 11 formed between the outer comb portions 33 in the comb portion 10 and is wound up on the outer comb portion 33, and the slot portion 11 is filled with a nonmagnetic material 36 in order to mold and fix the winding 14. ing. On the inner peripheral side of the slot portion 11 and the comb portion 10 in the stator core 15, a magnetic flux control rod 7 is arranged in a contact state and capable of swinging and rotating with respect to the stator 4. The magnetic flux control rod 7 has, for example, a ring shape for controlling the magnetic flux flowing through the comb portion 10 of the stator core 15 that constitutes the stator 4, and can be rotated or swung on the housing 1 via a bearing (not shown). Is attached. The stator core 15 constituting the stator 4 is formed on, for example, a comb-shaped cylindrical member 30 connected to each other by a bridge portion 31 so as to have an inner comb portion 32 and an outer comb portion 33 in order to increase the space factor of the winding 14. After winding the winding 14 from the outer opening, that is, the outer opening 53, between the comb portions 10 of the comb-shaped cylindrical member 30, a ring-shaped joint made of an outer cylindrical member is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner stator core of the comb-shaped cylindrical member 30. The outer stator core of the iron member 17 is fitted and configured.

  Next, an example of the winding 14 composed of the first winding 38 and the second winding 39 wound around the stator 4 of the wind power generator / motor 60 will be described with reference to FIG. The winding 14 includes, for example, a first winding 38 wound around the comb portion 10 of the stator core 15 of the stator 4 and a second winding 39 wound around the comb portion 10. In FIG. 7, the first winding 38 and the second winding 39 are connected in series. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, the winding 14 is connected to a type that generates three-phase alternating current, and has a U-phase second winding 39 </ b> U and a second winding extending in three directions around a neutral point 80. The first winding 38U connected in series to the winding 39U, the V-phase second winding 39V, the first winding 38V connected in series to the second winding 39V, and the W-phase second winding 39W. And the first winding 38W connected in series to the second winding 39W. With respect to the wind power generator / motor 60, the power generated by the first winding 38 is changed from the output terminals 81U, 81V, 81W (generally referred to as 81) of the first windings 38U, 38V, 38W to lines 77U, 77V, 77W (generally referred to as 77). ) Through the switches 76U, 76V, 76W and the rectifier 74A to the load 73A. The power generated by the second winding 39 is supplied from the output terminals 79U, 79V, 79W (generally 79) of the second windings 39U, 39V, 39W through the lines 78U, 78V, 78W (generally 78) to the switch 75U, It is output to the load 73B via 75V, 75W and the rectifier 74B. Therefore, in this wind power generator / motor, when the controller 69 turns off the switch 78 and turns on the switch 75 and takes out the output from the output terminal 79 in the middle of the winding 14 through the line 78, only the second winding 39 is used. The output state becomes an output state in which the number of turns becomes a small number of windings, and the power generation output from the small number of windings. When the controller 69 turns on the switch 78 and turns off the switch 75 and takes out the output from the output terminal 81 of the winding 14 through the line 77, the first winding 38 and the second winding 39 are connected in series, The output state is such that the number of turns becomes a multi-turn winding, and the power generation output from the multi-turn winding is obtained.

  The cylindrical sleeve 16 has a plurality of magnetically permeable metal plates 20 extending in a strip shape in the longitudinal direction with respect to the outer surface of the permanent magnet piece 19 extending in the longitudinal direction, and a strip shape in the longitudinal direction between the permeable metal plates 20. The non-permeable metal plate 21 is extended and joined to the permeable metal plate 20. The cylindrical sleeve 16 is attached to the outer peripheral surface 27 of the permanent magnet member 5 by press fitting. The permeable metal plates 20 and the non-permeable metal plates 21 constituting the cylindrical sleeve 16 are alternately arranged and joined to each other by welding. In the cylindrical sleeve 16, the width of the permeable metal plate 20 is formed to be substantially twice the width of the non-permeable metal plate 21, in other words, the permeable metal plate 20 is formed of a permanent magnet. 65 to 85% of the circumferential width of the piece 19 is covered or covered. The permeable metal plate 20 is made of ferrite, martensitic stainless steel, or carbon steel. The non-permeable metal plate 21 is made of austenitic stainless steel. In the cylindrical sleeve 16, the permeable metal plate 20 and the non-permeable metal plate 21 are alternately arranged and joined to each other by welding at the welding portion 34 (FIGS. 5 and 6). The magnetically permeable metal plates 21 are formed in a cylindrical shape so that they are alternately positioned in the circumferential direction. Further, on the magnetically permeable metal plate 20 to which the outer peripheral surface 27 of the arc surface of one permanent magnet piece 19 corresponds, about three comb portions 10 of the stator 4 are positioned so that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet member 5 is magnetically permeable. The metal plate 20 is configured to gather.

  The wind power generator / motor 60 adjusts the magnetic flux density between the stator 4 and the rotor 3 so that the stator 4 and the rotor 4 can move relative to the stator 4, that is, swingable, and controls the voltage. And an actuator 25 that swings the rotor 7 with respect to the stator 4 via the rod 26, and a controller 69 that controls the swing amount of the magnetic flux control rod 7 in response to the rotational speed of the rotor 3. The magnetic flux control rod 7 has the same number of outer peripheral sides as the comb portions 10 of the stator 4 and is separated by the concave portions 12 and is a magnetically permeable projection portion that can contact the comb portion 10. It is formed in the ring-shaped continuous body comprised from the cylindrical part 9 which connects the tooth | gear part 8 mutually. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the magnetic flux control rod 7 has teeth 8 arranged sequentially in the circumferential direction on the comb 10 side of the stator 4 and teeth 8 on the rotor 3 side. It is formed from a continuous cylindrical portion 9 formed integrally. The comb portion 10 is provided with substantially 45 ° chamfers 51 at both circumferential ends, and the tooth portion 8 is provided with substantially 45 ° chamfers 50 at both circumferential ends. The magnetic flux control rod 7 is configured by laminating a magnetically permeable silicon steel plate and a nickel-iron alloy plate, and the plate is bonded by an insulating member made of a resin material or a ceramic material. The teeth 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and formed in a substantially rectangular cross section having a width smaller than the width of the slot 11 between the combs 10 of the stator 4. The outer surface 23 is configured to be able to contact the inner surface 24 of the comb portion 10 in an opposed state. The comb portion 10 of the stator core 15 is formed with a chamfer 51 at the corner portion of the inner peripheral end surface thereof, and the chamfer 50 is formed at the corner portion of the outer peripheral end surface of the tooth portion 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7. Has been. Further, in the magnetic flux control rod 7, in order to make the flow of magnetic flux at the boundary between the tooth portion 8 and the cylindrical portion 9 smooth, the corner portion of the concave portion 12 formed in the tooth portion 8 is formed in the R portion. The tooth portion 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is formed in an R portion that is an overhang portion in which the inner portion on the rotor 3 side becomes wider in the circumferential direction. Accordingly, the cylindrical portion 9 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 functions as a magnetic flux collecting portion that smoothes the flow of magnetic flux from the permanent magnet member 5 and reduces leakage of magnetic flux.

  The controller 69 is configured to control the amount of the facing area, that is, the contact area between the outer surface 23 of the tooth portion 8 and the inner surface 24 of the comb portion 10 by swinging the magnetic flux control rod 7 with respect to the stator 4. When the actuator 25 is actuated by a command from the controller 69 and the rack provided on the magnetic flux control rod 7 screwed into the pinion 29 of the rod 26 swings, and the magnetic flux control rod 7 swings relative to the stator 4, the tooth portion 8 is adjusted so that the magnetic flux flowing from the tooth portion 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 to the comb portion 10 of the stator core 15 is controlled. For example, when the rotor 3 is at a low speed, the controller 69 controls the actuator 25 to operate so that the joint of the tooth portion 8 and the comb portion 10 is aligned as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the actuator 25 is operated to move the tooth portion 8 to the slot portion 11 between the comb portions 10, and control to reduce the area facing the comb portion 10 is performed. The controller 69 controls the magnetic flux by the actuator 25 so that the rotational speed of the rotor 3 with respect to the stator 4, that is, the product (= f × φ) of the frequency f and the magnetic flux φ flowing through the comb portion 10 of the stator 4 becomes constant. Control is performed to generate a predetermined constant voltage by swinging the cage 7. In a state where the magnetic flux control rod 7 is moved by the control of the controller 69 and the tooth portion 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is located between the comb portions 10 of the stator core 15, as shown in FIG. 5, the chamfer 51 and the tooth portion 8 of the comb portion 10. The gap S is formed with high accuracy between the chamfer 50 and the magnetic flux flowing from the rotor 3 to the stator 4 is most suppressed. Therefore, it is more efficient to operate the permanent magnet motor directly with such a magnetic flux control generator by making the voltage constant and using the inverter to generate the current at the frequency required for driving. There are many cases.

Next, the operation of the system of the wind power generator / motor 60 will be described with reference to the processing flowcharts shown in FIGS. The wind power generator / motor 60 has an input gear 47 meshed with an output gear 58 provided on a rotating shaft 56 of a wind turbine 52, which is an impeller, and is driven by wind power.
First, the wind power generator / motor 60 is turned on, and it is determined whether or not the current wind speed V measured by the anemometer 82 is faster than 2 m / s (S1). Since Δt is held (S2) and wind power cannot be generated by the wind power generator / motor 60, the process returns to step S1 after a predetermined time has elapsed. When the wind speed V is higher than 2 m / s, it is determined whether or not the wind speed V is 15 m / s or less (S3). When the wind speed V is 15 m / s or less, the brake 54 of the wind power generator / motor 60 is released (S4). ), Current from the battery 71 is supplied to the wind power generator / motor 60 and driven as a starter motor (S5). Therefore, it is determined whether or not the rotational speed of the windmill 52 is 40 rpm or more (S6), and when the rotational speed of the windmill 52 does not exceed 40 rpm, the wind power generator / motor 60 may be broken. An abnormal signal is issued (S8). When the rotational speed of the windmill 52 is 40 rpm or more, the time for which the starter motor is turned on is accumulated (S7), and it is determined whether the accumulated time t1 is 60 seconds or more (S9). If the integration time t1 does not exceed 60 seconds, the process returns to step S5 in order to turn on the starting motor again. When the driving time of the starter motor is equal to or greater than 60 seconds, the current supply from the battery to the wind power generator / motor 60 is stopped to stop the starter motor (S10).

  In step S3, when the wind speed V is 15 m / s or more, the time t3 when the wind speed 15 m / s or more continuously blows is integrated (S11), and it is determined whether or not the integration interval t3 is 5 seconds or more (S12). When the integration interval t3 is not 5 seconds or more, the process returns to step S1 and the process is repeated. When the integration interval t3 is 5 seconds or more, the brake 54 of the wind turbine 52 is operated for a predetermined time, for example, 20 seconds (S13). Next, it is determined whether or not the wind speed V is 7 m / s or less (S14). When the wind speed V is 7 m / s or less, the brake 54 is released (S14A), and the process proceeds to step S16 shown in FIG. Proceed and continue processing. When the wind speed V is not less than 7 m / s, the wind turbine 52 is stopped by applying the brake 54 to the wind turbine 52 until the rotational speed N of the wind turbine 52 reaches N = 0 (S15). The process returns to step S13, the brake 54 is applied, and if the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 becomes 0, the process returns to step S1 and is repeated.

In step S10, the starting motor is stopped, and then it is determined whether or not the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is 150 rpm or less (S16). When the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is 150 rpm or less, the rotation of the rotor 3 of the wind power generator / motor 60 becomes smooth and has a power generation capability. The motor 60 is switched to the power generation state, and the U phase, V provided on the lines 77U, 77V, 77W drawn from the output terminal 81 of the multi-winding winding in which the first winding 38 and the second winding 39 are connected in series. The switches 76U, 76V, and 76W (generally 76) of the phase and the W phase are turned on, and each of the U, V, and W phases provided in the lines 78U, 78V, and 78W drawn from the middle of the winding 14 The switches 75U, 75V phase, 75W (generally called 75) are turned off (S17). Since the wind power generator / motor 60 is in a power generation state by wind power, the wind speed V1 at that time is read, and the net output value W _NET of the wind turbine 52 with respect to the wind speed V1 is read, and the actual output value W _E of the wind power generator / motor 60 at that time is read. Is calculated (S18).

In step S16, when the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is not 150 rpm or less, the wind speed V is too high to drive the wind power generator / motor 60, so it is necessary to switch the winding 14 in the wind power generator / motor 60. Therefore, first, it is determined whether or not the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is 230 rpm or less (S21). When the rotational speed N of the wind turbine 52 is 230 rpm or less, in order to perform control for switching the switches 75 and 76 of the winding 14, the series connection of the first winding 38 and the second winding 39, that is, drawing from the multi-winding winding. The U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase switches 76 provided on the line 77 are turned off, and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase switches 75 provided on the line 78 drawn from the middle of the winding 14 are turned on. (S23). Next, in step 18, the current wind speed V1 is read, the net output value W _NET for the wind speed V1 is read, and the actual voltage and current output values W _E at that time are read. When the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is not 230 rpm or less, the wind speed V is too high. Therefore, the initial state, that is, the magnetic path gap is returned to the minimum (S22), and the process proceeds to step S22A shown in FIG. to continue. In step S22A, it is determined whether or not the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is smaller than 230 rpm. If the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is smaller than 230 rpm, the process proceeds to step S23 to perform processing. When the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 is greater than 230 rpm, the brake 54 is turned on for 20 seconds to apply the brake (S22B), and then it is determined whether the rotational speed N of the windmill 52 has become 0 (S22C). ) When the rotational speed N is not 0, the process returns to step S22B and the brake is applied again. When the rotational speed N becomes 0, the process returns to step S1 and the process is repeated.

It is determined whether or not the actual output value W _{E of} the wind power generator / motor 60 read in step S18 is larger than the net output value W _{NET of the} wind turbine 52 (S19), and the actual output value W _E is calculated from the net output value W _NET . When it is large, in order to reduce the generated voltage, the moving angle of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is moved to 5 °, the magnetic path gap between the comb portion 10 of the stator 4 and the tooth portion 8 of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is increased, and the stator 4 (S20), it is then determined whether or not the rotational speed V is 10 rpm or more (S20A). If the rotational speed V is 10 rpm or more, the process proceeds to step S26 shown in FIG. If the rotation speed V is 10 rpm or less, the process returns to step S1 and is repeated. When the actual output value W _E is not larger than the net output value W _NET , it is not necessary to reduce the generated voltage. Therefore, the moving angle of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is moved to 0 °, and the comb portion 10 of the stator 4 and the magnetic flux control rod are moved. 7 is reduced (S24). Next, it is determined whether or not the actual output value W _E is smaller than the net output value W _NET × 0.9 (S25). If W _E is not less than the net power value W _NET × 0.9, in order to control so as to reduce, to move again, the movement angle of the flux control basket 7 to 0 ° side (S24). When W _E is smaller than W _NET × 0.9, in order to maintain the magnetic path gap at that time, the magnetic flux control rod 7 is fixed and waits for a predetermined time t2, for example, 5 seconds (S27).

In step S20, the moving angle of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is moved to 5 °, and it is determined whether or not W _E is smaller than W _NET (S26). When W _E is larger than W _NET , the process proceeds to step 20 shown in FIG. 1 to perform a process of moving the moving angle of the magnetic flux control rod 7 to the 5 ° side. When W _E is smaller than W _NET , the magnetic flux control rod 7 is fixed in order to maintain the magnetic path gap at that time, and a predetermined time, t2 seconds, for example, 5 seconds is waited (S27). It is determined whether or not the predetermined time t2 has passed for 5 seconds (S28), and when the fixed state of the magnetic flux control rod 7 has passed the predetermined time t2, the wind speed V is measured (S29) and the shaft speed of the rotor 3 is determined. N _S is measured (S30). Next, the controller 69 calculates β · V · α (S31). Here, β is the peripheral speed ratio, α is 30 / π · r, and r is the radius of the windmill 52. β = [2πr · (N / 60)] / V = π · r · N / 30 · V
Therefore, when the wind speed is V, the optimum rotational speed of the wind turbine 52, that is, the rotational speed N is expressed by the following equation from the above equation. N = β · 30 · V / π · r = β · V · α
When the current shaft rotation speed is Ns and the ideal rotation speed is Ns, it is a means for optimal movement.

Wind motor-generator 60, the controller 69 after the operation as described above, the shaft speed N _S of the rotor 3 is β · V · α × 1.1 is determined whether larger (S32). When shaft speed N _S of the rotor 3 is β · V · α × 1.1 is larger than, for reducing the magnetic flux inhibition by flux control cage 7, is moved by Δθ movement angle of the magnetic flux control basket 7 to 0 ° side (S33). Then, the shaft speed N _S of the rotor 3, it is determined whether the difference is less than the β · V · α (S34) , magnetic by shaft speed N if _S is β · V · α is smaller than flux control basket 7 Since the path gap is appropriate, the movement of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is stopped, the magnetic path gap is fixed for a predetermined time, for example, 10 seconds (S35), and then the process returns to step S16 shown in FIG. The above processes are repeated.

In step S32, when the shaft speed N _S is β · V · α × 1.1 Gayori not, the shaft speed N _S is β · V · α × 0.9 is determined whether the difference is less than ( S36). When the shaft speed N _S is β · V · α × 0.9 is smaller than, the power is too large due to shaft speed N _S, to the magnetic flux control by the magnetic flux control cage 7, a magnetic flux control cage 7 is a magnetic path gap Move to the 5 ° side by a movement angle Δθ (S37). Next, it is determined whether or not the shaft speed N _S is larger than β · V · α (S38). When the shaft speed N _S is β · V · α is larger than the shaft speed N _S, since in the range of β · V · α × 1.1~β · V · α × 0.9, flux control basket 7 Since the magnetic flux control is appropriate, the magnetic flux control rod 7 is stopped and the magnetic path gap is fixed and held for a predetermined time, for example, 10 seconds (S39). Further, when the shaft speed N _S is not greater than β · V · α × 1.1 repeats the process of moving further by moving angle Δθ flux control basket 7 to the magnetic path gap is 5 ° side (S37). In step S36, when the shaft speed N _S is not smaller than β · V · α × 0.9, the shaft speed N _S is β · V · α × 1.1 to β · V · α × 0.9. Since the magnetic flux control of the magnetic flux control rod 7 is appropriate because it is within the range, the magnetic flux control rod 7 is stopped and the magnetic path gap is fixed and held for a predetermined time, for example, 10 seconds (S39), and then the processing Is returned to step S16 shown in FIG. 11 to continue the processing.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the output generated by the wind power generator / motor 60 according to the present invention and the output generated by the conventional generator will be described in a graph. FIG. 8 shows the outputs of the wind turbine 52 and the wind power generator / motor with respect to the rotational speed (rotation speed) of the rotor 3 when power is generated using the system of the wind power generator / motor 60. FIG. 9 shows the output of the wind turbine 52 and the conventional generator with respect to the rotational speed (rotation speed) of the rotor when power is generated using the conventional generator.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the wind power generator / motor 60 according to the present invention has multiple windings in which the winding 14 has different winding numbers, that is, a first winding 38 and a second winding 39 are connected in series. It is composed of a wire and a small number of windings of only the second winding 39. The controller 69 switches the winding 14 from the multiple winding to the small winding of only the second winding 39 in response to the rotational speed of the rotor 3, that is, the windmill 52, in response to the predetermined rotational speed R 1, The magnetic flux flowing through the stator 4 is controlled by the control of the magnetic path gap by 7, so that the wind speed or the rotational speed of the wind turbine can be generated at a predetermined constant voltage and according to the wind speed. Specifically, when the rotational speed is slower than R1, the first winding 38 and the second winding 39 are switched to the multi-winding winding connected in series, and power is generated by the multi-winding winding, and the wind power generator / motor The output G1 of 60 can be generated to the output F of the wind turbine 52 with a constant voltage determined in advance by the control of the magnetic flux control rod 7, and the power generation function can be sufficiently exhibited. When the rotational speed of the windmill is higher than a predetermined rotational speed R1, the winding 14 generates power with only a small number of windings of the second winding 39, and the output G2 of the wind power generator / motor 60 is generated by the windmill 52. A constant voltage predetermined by the control of the magnetic flux control rod 7 can be generated at the output F of the output F, and the power generation function can be sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, in the wind power generator / motor of the present invention, the speed range in which power generation is possible with respect to the rotational speed of the windmill 52 is wide, and a wide range of wind power can be used effectively.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the conventional generator has one type of winding and does not switch the winding according to the rotational speed of the rotor. When the speed is lower than the predetermined rotational speed R3, the output G3 of the generator is lower than the output F of the windmill and is not matched. Even when the rotational speed of the generator is higher than the predetermined rotational speed R4, the output G3 of the generator is lower than the output F of the windmill and is not matched, so that the power generation function cannot be performed and the power generation function can be performed. In addition, when the rotational speed of the windmill is in the range of the rotational speeds R3 to R4, the output G3 of the generator becomes higher than the output F of the windmill and becomes a region D in which power can be generated. Output G3 of the machine is output F of the windmill It is adjusted by using a brake to match. Therefore, in the conventional generator, the speed range in which power generation can be performed with respect to the rotational speed of the windmill is narrowed, and a phenomenon in which power generation cannot be performed without an appropriate wind speed V occurs.

  The wind power generator / motor according to the present invention can be used, for example, for personal use, industrial use, etc., and the generated power is consumed as general power consumption for driving various devices, lighting, lighting, etc., or using electronic devices, auxiliary machines, etc. Applicable to do.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows the system configuration | structure of one Example of the wind power generator and motor by this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the outline of the wind power generator and electric motor of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows one Example of the wind power generator and electric motor of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the wind power generator / motor of FIG. 3 in which the teeth of the magnetic flux control rod are aligned with the comb of the stator. FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view showing an operation state of a magnetic flux control rod in the permanent magnet generator of FIG. 3 and showing a state where a magnetic flux in which a comb portion of a stator and a tooth portion of the magnetic flux control rod are aligned is not suppressed. FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view showing an operating state of a magnetic flux control rod in the permanent magnet generator of FIG. 3 and showing a state in which a magnetic flux in which a comb portion of the stator and a tooth portion of the magnetic flux control rod are not aligned is suppressed. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for switching between a multi-turn winding and a small-turn winding of a winding incorporated in the wind power generator / motor of FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the relationship of the output with respect to the wind speed obtained by the wind power generator and motor of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship of the output with respect to the wind speed obtained by the conventional wind power generator and electric motor. It is a processing flowchart which shows the action | operation of the wind power generator and electric motor of FIG. FIG. 11 is a process flow diagram following the process of FIG. 10 illustrating the operation of the wind power generator / motor of FIG. 1. FIG. 12 is a process flow diagram following the process of FIG. 11 illustrating the operation of the wind power generator / motor of FIG. 1.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 2 Rotating shaft 3 Rotor 4 Stator 5 Permanent magnet member 7 Magnetic flux control rod 8 Tooth part 10 Comb part 14 Winding 19 Permanent magnet piece 38, 38U, 38V, 38W 1st winding 39, 39U, 39V, 39W 2nd volume Line 60 Wind power generator / motor 69 Controller 75, 75U, 75V, 75W Switch 76, 76U, 76V, 76W Switch 77, 77U, 77V, 77W Line 78, 78U, 78V, 78W Line 79, 79U, 79V, 79W Output terminal 81 , 81U, 81V, 81W Output terminal

Claims (4)

A rotor with a permanent magnet piece provided on a rotating shaft to which the rotation of the windmill is transmitted and spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and a rotor fixed to a housing that rotatably supports the rotor and spaced apart in the circumferential direction And a stator provided with a winding wound between the comb portions erected, and a magnetic flux that is provided between the stator and the rotor so as to be rotatable with respect to the stator and passes through the stator. In wind power generators and motors consisting of a magnetic flux control mechanism with a magnetic flux control rod that controls voltage by increasing and decreasing,
The winding wound around the stator is composed of a multi-winding winding and a small winding, and a first output line is connected to the multi-winding winding via a first switch. A second output line is connected to the line via a second switch, and the controller stores in advance the output value corresponding to the wind speed or the rotational speed of the windmill as a map, and responds to the rotational speed and load of the rotor. And controlling the ON / OFF control of the first and second switches and the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod to generate power according to a predetermined constant voltage and wind speed. Wind power generator / motor. 2. The wind power generator / motor according to claim 1, wherein in order to initially drive the windmill, electric power is sent to the multi-winding winding to operate as a DC motor. In response to the low speed rotation of the wind turbine, the controller performs control to connect to the multi-turn winding and output from the first output line and control the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod to perform the predetermined 3. The wind power generator / motor according to claim 1, wherein power generation is performed at a constant voltage and in accordance with wind speed. In response to high-speed rotation of the wind turbine, the controller performs control to connect to the small winding and output from the second output line, and control of the magnetic path gap by the magnetic flux control rod. The wind power generator / motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power generation is performed at a constant voltage and in accordance with the wind speed.

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