JP2017002795A - Wind power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized wind power generator capable of attaining a high output in response to a degree of wind power without generating any damage at a blade even under a strong wind.SOLUTION: A wind power generator includes a horizontal rotary shaft 10 supported on a holding block plate, a blade wheel composed of several rotary blades 16 fixed to the horizontal rotary shaft, a small-sized power generator for converting rotational energy into electrical energy, a transmission mechanism, and a tail blade acting as a directional ladder. There are provided several small-sized power generators 36a, 36b and 36c of which rotors are rotated by a rotational power force of the horizontal rotary shaft 10. There are provided controllers 60a, 60b and 60c for controlling exciting circuits 56a, 56b and 56c for flowing exciting current to a field magnet coil of the small-sized power generator. The exciting circuit of the small-sized power generator is controlled in response to a wind speed state, and the number of operated small-sized power generators is changed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a small wind power generator that rotates an impeller by the force of wind and converts the rotational energy into electric energy, and in particular, generates electric power having a magnitude corresponding to the wind speed state from weak wind to strong wind. The present invention relates to a wind power generator that can be taken out.

  Conventionally, various types and types of small wind power generators have been proposed and manufactured. For example, there has been proposed a small wind power generation apparatus that can prevent the blades from being damaged by strong winds by suppressing an increase in the rotational speed of the impeller even when the wind power increases. This wind power generator includes a horizontal rotating shaft, an impeller attached to the horizontal rotating shaft, a generator that converts rotational energy of the horizontal rotating shaft into electrical energy, and the rotational power of the horizontal rotating shaft to the rotor of the generator. Equipped with a transmission mechanism and a rudder for transmission, a fixed collar is fixed to the horizontal rotating shaft, a movable collar is slidably attached to the horizontal rotating shaft, and a plurality of windward mounting rods are radially attached to the fixed collar. And a plurality of leeward mounting rods are fixed to the movable collar in a radial manner and at a different angular position from the windward mounting rod, and between each windward mounting rod and the corresponding leeward mounting rod. The impeller is constituted by extending the blades. The movable collar moves and moves relative to the fixed collar so that the larger the wind power is, the more the leeward side mounting bar is separated from the windward side mounting bar and the angular position deviation between the windward side mounting bar and the leeward side mounting bar is reduced. It is a rotating mechanism (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). In addition, in order to increase the power generation efficiency in a wide range of wind speeds from low wind speeds to high wind speeds, a transformer with a variable transformation ratio that supplies the output of the generator to the rectifier by changing the transformation ratio is installed. There has been proposed a small and medium-sized wind power generator that is sometimes controlled to a transformation ratio that lowers the output of the transformer, and is controlled to a transformation ratio that raises the output of the transformer at a low wind speed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 4509633 (page 3-5, FIG. 1) JP 2000-102294 A (page 3-4, FIG. 1)

  The wind power generator disclosed in Patent Document 1 has the advantage that it can prevent the blades from being damaged by strong winds and can efficiently obtain substantially constant electric energy even if the wind force changes. ing. On the other hand, when the wind is strong, the output of the wind turbine generator can be suppressed in order to suppress the increase in the rotational speed of the impeller so that the blades can be prevented from being damaged. Moreover, the wind power generator disclosed in Patent Document 2 has an advantage that power generation efficiency can be increased in a wide wind speed range from a low wind speed to a high wind speed. On the other hand, when the wind is strong, the output of the wind turbine generator can be suppressed because the transformer ratio is controlled to lower the output of the transformer. In general, in the conventional small wind power generator, the rotational speed of the rotor (rotor) of the generator increases in proportion to the increase in natural wind speed, and the output increases. In this case, the natural wind speed is assumed to be about 2 m / s to 35 m / s. However, if the wind speed becomes too high and the rotational speed of the rotor exceeds a predetermined value, electrical damage is prevented in order to prevent breakage of the blades. The brakes were applied to the rotation of the blades due to the resistance. For this reason, there exists a problem that the extraction efficiency of wind energy is bad.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in particular, a small wind power generator capable of obtaining a high output according to the size of wind power without causing blade breakage even in strong winds. The purpose is to provide.

In the present invention, as means for achieving the above object, a plurality of generators are connected to the rotation shaft of one impeller rotating by wind force, and the number of generators operating according to wind force is changed. In other words, only one generator is operated when the wind is weak, and multiple generators are operated when the wind is strong.
That is, the invention according to claim 1 is a rotating shaft that is horizontally supported by the holding member and is rotatably supported, and an impeller that is attached to the rotating shaft and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft under the force of wind. A generator that converts rotational energy into electrical energy, a transmission mechanism that transmits the rotational power of the rotating shaft to the rotor of the generator, and rotation in a horizontal plane so that the rotating shaft follows the wind direction. In the wind power generator having a direction adjusting mechanism to be operated, an excitation circuit in which a plurality of generators whose rotors are rotated by the rotational power of the rotating shaft is installed and an excitation current is supplied to the field winding of each generator The control means for controlling each of the generators is provided, and the control means controls the excitation circuit of each generator according to the wind speed state, thereby changing the number of generators to be operated.

In the wind turbine generator according to the first aspect of the present invention, the excitation circuit of each generator is controlled by the control means according to the wind speed state. When the wind power is small, only the field winding of one generator is used. An excitation current is passed through the generator, and the generator operates. At this time, since no current flows through the field windings of the other generators, the rotor of the generator is integrated with the rotating shaft without applying a load other than frictional force to the rotation of the rotating shaft. Rotate to. When the wind power increases, a current is passed through the field winding of the second generator according to the wind speed state, and the second generator is also operated together with the first generator. As a result, output from two generators can be obtained. For example, if two generators with 1 kW output are installed, the generator has a maximum power generation capacity of 2 kW. On the other hand, when the second generator is operated, a load is applied to the rotating shaft via the rotor, thereby suppressing the rotation of the rotating shaft. As a result, rotation of the impeller is suppressed, and breakage of the blades (rotary blades) during a strong wind is prevented. In addition, in the case where three generators are installed, if the wind power is further increased, the three generators are operated in the same way, so that it has a larger power generation capacity and at the time of strong winds. The blade breakage is effectively prevented.
Therefore, when the wind power generator according to the present invention is used, a high output can be obtained according to the magnitude of the wind force without causing blade breakage even in a strong wind.

1 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention and is a side view of a wind turbine generator. It is the front view which looked at the wind power generator shown in FIG. 1 from the windward side. It is a side view which shows the small generator and transmission mechanism which are some wind power generators shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows a part of wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the tail part which is a part of wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows typically the control system of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the operation state of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a side view which shows another embodiment of this invention and shows the small generator and transmission mechanism which are some wind power generators. It is the IX-IX arrow sectional drawing of FIG. 8 which looked at the wind power generator shown in FIG. 8 from the windward side.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the best embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in the side view of FIG. 1, this wind turbine generator is a horizontal shaft type device having a horizontal rotating shaft 10 that follows the direction of the wind during operation, and an impeller 12 is attached to the horizontal rotating shaft 10. The impeller 12 receives wind and rotates integrally with the horizontal rotation shaft 10.

  The impeller 12 includes a main wing holding member 14 fixed to the horizontal rotating shaft 10, and a plurality of blades held by the main wing holding member 14 in a radial and circumferentially equal manner, eight in the illustrated example. It is comprised from the rotary blade 16 of this. As shown in FIG. 4, eight support holes 18 (only two are shown in FIG. 4) corresponding to the rotor blades 16 are equally arranged in the circumferential direction in the main wing holding member 14. Each is drilled in the radial direction. The rotary blade 16 is inserted into the support hole 18 of the main wing holding member 14 and extends in a direction orthogonal to the horizontal rotary shaft 10, and a thin plate portion 22 integrally fixed to the pivot portion 20. It is configured. The thin plate portion 22 is formed in a flat shape so that the pivot portion 20 is included in the same plane by an aluminum material, a plastic material, or the like, and a reinforcing member 24 is mounted on the back side. The thin plate portion 22 is disposed so as to intersect obliquely with the wind flowing in the direction along the horizontal rotation axis 10.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the horizontal rotary shaft 10 is rotatably supported by a pair of bearings 28, 28 fixed on the upper surface of the holding base plate 26, and cantilevered via the bearing 28 by the holding base plate 26. Is held in a horizontal position. The holding base plate 26 has a rotating support shaft 30 integrally formed on the lower surface side, and the rotating support shaft 30 is rotatably inserted into a support hole 34 formed in the axial center portion of the support column 32. Has been. The holding base plate 26 is held in a horizontal posture at the upper end portion of the support column 32 and is freely rotated around the vertical axis.

  On the holding base plate 26, a plurality of small generators 36a, 36b, 36c for converting rotational energy into electric energy, in this embodiment, are installed in a line in the axial direction of the horizontal rotary shaft 10. . The rotors of these small generators 36a, 36b, 36c are respectively rotated by the rotational power of the horizontal rotary shaft 10. A gear box 38 for transmitting rotational power is fixed on the holding base plate 26, and the rotors of the small generators 36a, 36b, 36c and the output shaft of the gear box 38 are connected to each other. Has been. In addition, a brake wheel 40, a coupling 42, a connecting shaft 44, a bearing 46, and the like are installed on the holding base plate 26. The upper surface side of the holding base plate 26 is covered with a cover 48, and a bearing 28, small generators 36a, 36b, 36c, a gear box 38, and the like are housed in a casing formed of the holding base plate 26 and the cover 48.

  A tail 50 that serves as a rudder is attached to the rear end of the horizontal rotary shaft 10. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 5, a pair of tail fins 50 are provided on the upper and lower sides, respectively, and the pair of tail fins 50 and 50 are arranged in a “<” shape and the connecting portion side faces forward. Yes. The tail blade 50 is fixed to the tail blade holding member 52, and the tail blade holding member 52 is held so as to be freely rotatable with respect to the horizontal rotation shaft 10 via the bearing member 54 so that the tail blade 50 does not rotate with the horizontal rotation shaft 10. . Therefore, by the action of the tail 50, the holding base plate 26 is rotated in a horizontal plane with respect to the support column 32 so that the horizontal rotation shaft 10 follows the wind direction.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the wind power generator includes an exciting circuit 56b that drives the small generators 36b and 36c by causing an exciting current to flow through the field windings of the electromagnets (field magnets) of the small generators 36b and 36c. , 56c, and a braking circuit 58 for operating the brake wheel 40 by passing a current through the electromagnetic coil of the brake wheel 40. The apparatus also includes controllers 60b, 60c, 62 for controlling the excitation circuits 56b, 56c of the small generators 36b, 36c and the braking circuit 58 of the brake wheel 40, respectively. Further, this device is converted into direct current through AC / DC converters 64a, 64b, 64c and AC / DC converters 64a, 64b, 64c for converting electric power output from the small generators 36a, 36b, 36c, respectively. Voltmeters 66a, 66b, and 66c for measuring the respective voltages are provided. The voltage signals output from the voltmeters 66a, 66b, and 66c are sent to the controllers 60b, 60c, and 62, respectively, and the controller 60b, 60c, and 62 determine the magnitude of the input voltage and a preset voltage value. The excitation circuits 56b and 56c and the braking circuit 58 of the small generators 36b and 36c are respectively controlled according to the magnitude of the voltage, and the number of small generators to be operated changes, and the brake wheel 40 is activated and stopped. The circuit configuration is as follows.

Next, the operation of the wind turbine generator having the above-described configuration will be described based on the flowchart shown in FIG.
When the operation of the wind turbine generator is started and wind blows at the installation location, the holding base plate 26 is rotated in a horizontal plane with respect to the support column 32 by the action of the tail 50, and the wind direction is maintained in the axial direction of the horizontal rotary shaft 10. The front side of the impeller 12 is directed to the windward along the flow of the wind. And the impeller 12 rotates with the horizontal rotating shaft 10 by the force of a wind. When the operation of the apparatus is started, the first small generator 36a is in an operating state (ST1), and the rotational power of the horizontal rotating shaft 10 is transmitted to the rotor of the first small generator 36a through the gear box 38 and the like. Then, the first small power generator 36a converts the rotational energy into electrical energy to generate electric power. At this time, since no current flows through the field windings of the second and third small generators 36b and 36c, each rotor of the second and third small generators 36b and 36c has a horizontal rotation shaft. It rotates integrally with the horizontal rotating shaft 10 without applying a load other than the frictional force to the rotation of 10.

  When the wind force increases, the force received by the rotor blades 16 of the impeller 12 increases and the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 increases. Along with this, the power output from the first small generator 36a increases and the output voltage increases. Then, the voltage Va input as a signal from the first voltmeter 66a to the controller 60b is compared with a preset voltage value, for example, a voltage value such as 250V (ST2), and when the voltage Va exceeds 250V, the controller In response to the control signal from 60b, the excitation circuit 56b causes a current to flow in the field winding of the second small generator 36b, and the second small generator 36b is put into operation together with the first small generator 36a ( ST3). As a result, the rotational power of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 is transmitted to the rotors of the first and second small generators 36a and 36b, and the rotational energy is converted into electric energy by the two small generators 36a and 36b. Power is generated. At this time, since no current flows through the field winding of the third small generator 36c, the rotor of the third small generator 36c does not apply a load to the rotation of the horizontal rotary shaft 10. It rotates integrally with the horizontal rotating shaft 10.

  When the wind power becomes larger from the state where the two small power generators 36a and 36b are driven, the force received by the rotary blades 16 of the impeller 12 becomes larger, and the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 is further increased. Along with this, the electric power output from the second small generator 36b increases and the output voltage increases. Then, the voltage Vb signal-inputted from the second voltmeter 66b to the controller 60c is compared with a preset voltage value, for example, a voltage value such as 250V (ST4). When the voltage Vb exceeds 250V, the controller 60c In response to the control signal from, current is passed through the field winding of the third small generator 36c by the excitation circuit 56c, and the third small generator 36c is also operated together with the first and second small generators 36a and 36b. (ST5) All three small power generators 36a, 36b, 36c are in operation.

  On the other hand, in the state where the two small generators 36a and 36b are driven, the wind force is slightly weakened, the rotational speed of the horizontal rotating shaft 10 is lowered, and the voltage input to the controller 60b from the first voltmeter 66a. Va is compared with the voltage value 250V (ST6), and when the voltage Va becomes 250V or less, the current to the field winding of the second small generator 36b by the excitation circuit 56b is determined by the control signal from the controller 60b. Is cut off. As a result, the second small generator 36b stops operating (ST7), and only the first small generator 36a maintains the operating state. At this time, since no current flows through the field windings of the second and third small generators 36b and 36c, the rotors of the second and third small generators 36b and 36c are connected to the horizontal rotating shaft 10. On the other hand, no load is applied.

  When the wind power is further increased from the state in which the three small power generators 36a, 36b, and 36c are operating, the force received by the rotor blades 16 of the impeller 12 is further increased, and the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 is further increased. . Along with this, the power output from the third small generator 36c increases and the output voltage increases. Then, the voltage Vc signal-inputted from the third voltmeter 66c to the controller 62 is compared with a preset voltage value, for example, a voltage value such as 250V (ST8), and when the voltage Vc exceeds 250V, the controller 62 In response to the control signal, a current is passed through the electromagnetic coil of the brake wheel 40 by the braking circuit 58, and the brake wheel 40 is activated (ST9). The brake wheel 40 operates until the voltage Vc input to the controller 62 from the third voltmeter 66c becomes 250V or less (ST10), and stops when the voltage Vc becomes 250V or less (ST11).

  On the other hand, with the three small power generators 36a, 36b, and 36c operating, the wind power is slightly weakened, the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 is reduced, and a signal is input from the second voltmeter 66b to the controller 60c. The voltage Vb and the voltage value 250V are compared with each other (ST12). When the voltage Vb becomes 250V or less, the field winding of the third small generator 36c by the excitation circuit 56c is generated by the control signal from the controller 60c. Is interrupted. As a result, the third small power generator 36c stops operating (ST13), and only the first and second small power generators 36a and 36b maintain the operating state. At this time, since no current flows through the field winding of the third small generator 36c, the rotor of the third small generator 36c does not apply a load to the horizontal rotating shaft 10. From this state, the wind power further weakens, the rotational speed of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 decreases, and the voltage Va input to the controller 60b from the first voltmeter 66a is compared with the voltage value 250V (ST6). When it becomes 250 V or less, the current to the field winding of the second small generator 36b by the excitation circuit 56b is cut off by the control signal from the controller 60b. As a result, the second small generator 36b stops operating (ST7), and only the first small generator 36a maintains the operating state. At this time, since no current flows through the field windings of the second and third small generators 36b and 36c, the rotors of the second and third small generators 36b and 36c are connected to the horizontal rotating shaft 10. On the other hand, no load is applied.

  The electric power obtained by the small generators 36a, 36b, 36c is temporarily stored in, for example, a battery and converted into a frequency of 60 Hz or 50 Hz and a voltage of 100 V through an inverter and used in a general household, or an inverter Or supplied to an electric power company through a regenerative inverter.

  In the above-described embodiment, the three small generators 36a, 36b, 36c are installed continuously in the axial direction of the horizontal rotation shaft 10, but in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, a plurality of small generators are rotated horizontally. 3 shows an embodiment arranged around the axis of the axis. In FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the components given the same reference numerals as those used in FIG. 3 indicate the same parts having the same functions as those described with reference to FIG.

  A large-diameter driving gear 74 is connected to a driving horizontal rotating shaft 72 that is connected to the horizontal rotating shaft 10 to which the impeller is attached via a coupling 42, a gear box 38, and a connecting shaft 44 and is supported at one end by the bearing unit 70. Is fixed. A plurality of driven shafts 76a, 76b, 76c in the illustrated example are arranged around the drive horizontal rotation shaft 72 in parallel with the drive horizontal rotation shaft 72 and equally arranged in the circumferential direction. The driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c are rotatably supported by a pair of bearing units 70 and 78. Small driven gears 80a, 80b, and 80c that mesh with the drive gear 74 are fixed to the driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c, respectively. The gear ratio between the drive gear 74 and the driven gears 80a, 80b, 80c is set to 5/1, for example. The rotors of the small generators 82a, 82b, and 82c are connected to the driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c, respectively.

  In the wind turbine generator having such a configuration, when the horizontal rotary shaft 10 rotates together with the impeller that rotates by receiving wind power, the rotational power of the horizontal rotary shaft 10 passes through the coupling 42, the gear box 38, and the connecting shaft 44. This is transmitted to the drive horizontal rotation shaft 72, and the drive horizontal rotation shaft 72 rotates. When the drive horizontal rotation shaft 72 rotates, the rotational power is transferred from the drive gear 74 fixed to the drive horizontal rotation shaft 72 to the three driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c via the three driven gears 80a, 80b, and 80c. Each of the driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c rotates. At this time, the driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c rotate at a rotational speed greater than the rotational speed of the drive horizontal rotary shaft 72 according to the gear ratio between the drive gear 74 and the driven gears 80a, 80b, and 80c. . When the driven shafts 76a, 76b, and 76c rotate, the rotational power is transmitted to the rotors of the three small generators 82a, 82b, and 82c. Then, the first small generator 82a converts the rotational energy into electrical energy to generate electric power. In this case, similarly to the second and third small generators 36b and 36c of the wind power generator described above, the operating state of the second and third small generators 82b and 82c is controlled by the control circuit, Depending on the size, the number of small generators 82a, 82b, 82c to be operated is changed. Thereby, the rotors of the second and third small generators 82b and 82c take out an output voltage having a magnitude corresponding to the magnitude of the wind force without imposing an extra load on the driving horizontal rotating shaft 72. Can do.

  In the embodiment described above, a change in the wind speed state is detected by the output voltage from the small generator, and the output voltage value is compared with a preset voltage value so that the number of small motors to be operated is changed. However, the change in the wind speed state is detected by the rotation speed of the horizontal rotation shaft or the wind speed measured by the anemometer, and the rotation speed or wind speed of the horizontal rotation shaft is compared with a preset value. The number of small electric motors to be changed may be changed. The number of small generators is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more. The arrangement of the stator and the rotor in the small generator is either an inner rotor type in which the stator is arranged outside the rotor or an outer rotor type in which the stator is arranged inside the cup-shaped rotor. Alternatively, the excitation and control may be either a stator or a rotor. Furthermore, a transmission mechanism that transmits the rotational power of the horizontal rotating shaft to the small generator, a transmission mechanism that transmits the rotational power of the driving horizontal rotating shaft to the driven shaft, a control circuit configuration, a rudder mechanism, a small generator, a gear box, and a bearing The structure of the casing for storing the above, the free rotation mechanism around the vertical axis of the casing, and the like are not limited to those of the above-described embodiment. In addition, as a measure to prevent damage to the rotor blades during typhoons and gusts, the safety circuit that brakes the rotation of the impeller by electrical resistance, and the appearance of the rotor blades that can be seen from the wind direction (windward side) You may make it also provide the safety mechanism etc. which an upper area becomes small.

  The wind power generator according to the present invention is suitable for wind power generation in a relatively small office or facility, and may be used for small output power generation in general households.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Horizontal rotating shaft 12 Impeller 14 Main wing holding member 16 Rotary blade 22 Thin plate part 26 Holding base plate 28, 46 Bearing 30 Rotating support shaft 32 Support | pillar 36a, 36b, 36c, 82a, 82b, 82c Small generator 38 Gear box 42 Cup Ring 44 Connection shaft 48 Cover 50 Tail 56b, 56c Excitation circuit 58 Braking circuit 60b, 60c, 62 Controller 66a, 66b, 66c Voltmeter 70, 78 Bearing unit 72 Drive horizontal rotation shaft 74 Drive gears 76a, 76b, 76c Drive shaft 80a , 80b, 80c Driven gear

Claims (1)

A rotating shaft that is horizontally supported by the holding member and is rotatably supported;
An impeller attached to the rotating shaft and receiving the force of wind to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft;
A generator that converts rotational energy into electrical energy;
A transmission mechanism for transmitting the rotational power of the rotary shaft to the rotor of the generator;
A direction adjusting mechanism for rotating the rotating shaft in a horizontal plane so as to follow the wind direction;
In the wind turbine generator with
A plurality of generators whose rotors are rotated by the rotational power of the rotating shaft are installed, and control means for controlling excitation circuits for supplying excitation currents to the field windings of the generators are provided. The wind power generator characterized by changing the number of generators to operate by controlling the excitation circuit of each generator according to the wind speed state.

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